• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2014

Exhaust heat recovery ventilation systems conserve energy through enthalpy recovery between air intake and exhaust, and they are being increasingly used. An exhaust heat recovery ventilation system can be installed in the ceiling of a balcony or emergency evacuation space. However, in the case of fire, the emergency evacuation space has to by law remain as empty space, and therefore, a ventilation system can't be installed in an emergency evacuation space. Therefore, the need for a proper installation space for a ventilation system is emphasized. In this study, to install a heat recovery ventilation system in a lightweight wall, a heat exchanger was assembled of thickness below 140 mm. The efficiency of heat recovery was analyzed through performance experiment, in the case of the cooling and heating mode. The heat recovery efficiency increases when the surface area is increased, by using closer channel spacing in the heat exchanger, or by increasing the size of the heat exchanger.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

The purpose of this research was influenced by the historical background of Japanese modern architecture by the circulation of Kuma Kengo's architectural works and he wanted to look at the values and directions he was pursuing and how they were expressed in his works. The results of the review are summarized as follows. First, metabolism was developed as a reaction of modernism in modern architecture, focusing on growth through infinite reproduction by looking at architecture and cities as organisms and by using unit space as cells. Kuma Kengo, on the other hand, argues that focusing on the possibility of decimation of unit members by sequencing the elements that make up the space smaller than the unit space is closer to an ecological architecture. Second, what Kuma Kengo says is "erase the architecture" that is naturally related to the environment and disappears when its use is exhausted. His argument is expressed in individual architectural works through 'visual erase', 'particle painting of materials' and 'independence through dependency.' Through this, Kuma Kengo's ecological architectural languages were influenced by the ecological causes of metabolism, but they differed from the perspective of seeing architectural circulation as an organism. If metabolism was intended to realize circulation with growth potential based on the module of unit space, Kuma Kengo sought to implement circulation with the extinction of the unit members of space.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.28
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• pp.67-86
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• 2012

Metaphors were conceived of as a figure of speech whose role consisted in merely ornamenting the language. However, with their seminal book Metaphors we live by (1980), Lakoff and Johnson have revolutionized the conception of metaphors by placing them as central to human language, thought and action. Cognitive linguists argue that humans tend to conceptualize abstract concepts, such as time, through more experiential and tangible concepts. For instance, it has been observed that the abstract concept of time is conceptualized as space in several unrelated languages. According to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), TIME AS SPACE metaphor covers two more specific metaphors: (1) The MOVING TIME metaphor wherein the observer is conceived as a stationary entity, as in The end of the academic year is getting closer; and (2) The TIME AS A LOCATION metaphor wherein times are conceived as stationary points and the observer is conceived as moving relative to these locations, as in We are first approaching the end of the year. This paper aims at probing the validity of the CMT representations of time on the basis of an analysis of time metaphors in two languages: English and French. This analysis is conducted within the framework of CMT. The results corroborate the CMT representations of time, suggesting that in both languages the abstract concept of time is expressed in spatial terms. In English, as in French, time is conceptualized as a moving entity and as having extension in space. In both languages, time can be seen as bounded; therefore, one can perform actions within defined limits of time.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.508-513
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• 2003

Experiments are performed to investigate the detailed structure of underexpanded twin jet impinging on a perpendicular flat plate. The major parameters, such as nozzle operating pressure and nozzle spacing, are varied to create different jet flow fields resulted from the complicated interactions of the twin jets. From the surface pressure measurements and shadowgraphs taken by schlieren optical system, the jet structure is strongly dependent on the nozzle operation pressure and the spacing. The results obtained show that the closer nozzle spacing may induce to decrease the diameter of the Mach disk within the first shock cell in the underexpanded twin jet. With the increasing nozzle operating pressure and decreasing the nozzle spacing, a new shock wave appears at the entrainment region between the two jets, due to the enhancement of mixing effect of the both jets. The closer nozzle spacing makes the overall impinging pressure level higher, while severe pressure oscillation along the axis of symmetry. Furthermore it is recommended the wider spacing to obtain higher thrust under the present experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

The characteristics of the flowfields around two circular cylinders in various arrangements were investigated by PIV. In tandem arrangement, the Strouhal numbers measured in the rear region of the cylinder of wake side were decreased with the space ratios, the flow between two cylinders was almost stagnated and the closer to upstream cylinder, the larger the width of the stagnated region was. The direction of vortex between two cylinders was opposed each other with the small difference(${\alpha}$=${\pm}1.0^{\circ}$) of the attack angle . In side by side arrangement, the flow velocity between two circular cylinders were increased with the space ratios.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3E
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• pp.33-39
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• 2000

This study investigated whether the adjacency principle. demonstrated in a perceived visual space, can be applied to auditory space. In order to demonstrate an auditory adjacency principle, multiple sound sources were varied in direction and distance in an acoustically absorbant space. Specifically, a NEAR sound source was located 10° to the left of the listener's midline at a distance of 2 meters; a FAR sound source was located 10° to the right at a distance of 5 meters. These sources served as perceptual reference points with respect to the localization of three test sounds, all at a distance of 3 meters. Two of three test sounds were directionally closer to the NEAR and FAR reference sounds, respectively. The other was between the reference sources directionally. The listener was asked to judge the perceived distances and the loudness of the three test sounds and the two reference sounds. The results indicated that the apparent distances of the test sounds were most determined by the disparity of distance between each test sound and the reference sound most directionally adjacent to it. Therefore, the findings offer evidence that the adjacency principle can be applied to the auditory space.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.78.1-78.1
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• 2021

A Lunar observatory not only provides ideas and experiences for space settlements from the Moon to Mars, but also puts the telescope in an optimal position to compete with space telescopes. Earth observation on the Moon's surface has the advantage of no atmospheric scattering or light pollution and is a stable fuel-free observation platform, allowing all longitude and latitude of the Earth to be observed for a month. Observing the entire globe with a single observation instrument, which has never been attempted before, and calculating the global albedo will significantly help predict the weather and climate change. Spectropolarimetric observations can reveal the physical and chemical properties of the Earth's atmosphere, track the global distribution and migration path of aerosols and air pollutants, and can also help detect very small space debris of which the risk has increased recently. In addition, the zodiacal light, which is difficult to observe from Earth, is very easy to observe from the lunar observatory, so it will be an opportunity to reveal the origin of the solar system and take a step closer to understanding the exoplanet system. In conclusion, building and developing a lunar observatory will be a groundbreaking study to become the world's leader that we have never tried before as a first step in expanding human experience and intelligence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.223-226
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• 2006

The purpose of this design plan is a method for opening the church to regional society to contribute to make up the community within regional society and to achieve the desirable common society of christianity like following. 1)For opening churchs to regional society, the church has to make up exterior spaces sufficiently. 2)The main chapel has to planned with mutipurpose for fiexibility and various functions of contemporary church. 3)The whole facilities have to be organized with a kind of the complex or multifunctional building which can accommodate activities of education, recreation and culture, therefore, content with the community's requirements. 4)The architectural form of the church has to planned with human scale, considering harmonization with regional environment. Modern church architecture needs a centralized plan, a variety of shapes such as square, round oval and polygon rather then a rectangular which is able to bring about a closer reationship between the priest and the congregation in the church.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.44-54
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• 2003

The experiments are performed to evaluate mechanical properties about foam and face materials of sandwich beams. These results are applied to the flexural wrinkling estimation of sandwich beam. The 3 point bending test shows that it is reasonable to include pre-buckling behavior in flexural wrinkling analysis, which is closer to experimental result. It is also conducted to survey the wrinkling behavior.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2000

The general properties of the NCBs, divided into A and F types according to their spectral types, have been presented. The evolutionary status of the F type near-contact binaries are closer to that of the contact systems, i.e., W UMa type binaries, if it is assumed that the evolution of the NCBs is governed by the thermal relaxation oscillation theory. The mass-radius relation, mass-luminosity relation and H-R diagram of the NCBs provide that the A type NCBs suffer from more active mass transfer than F types. The components of the NCBs ar still in main-sequence like W UMa type stars and their two components lines parallel to the ZAMS.