• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.354-361
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• 2009

This study was carried out to develop an effective biocarrier-mediated bioaugmentation technology which will be useful for remediation of the crude oil-contaminated marine sediments. Enrichment of several microbial communities was made from several oil-polluted seashore sites and the two distinctively functional consortia have been successfully selected. These two consortia were grown together and used to manufacture the microbial agents for bioaugmentation of marine sediments polluted with crude oil. The most dominant species in the mixed culture was identified as Alcanivorax borkumensis based on pure culture and DGGE analysis. Bioaugmentation of oil-polluted marine sediments with the microbial agent MA-2 formulated using the mixed culture and biocarriers (activated carbon and minerals) was more effective, especially in combination with an oxygen producing (releasing) compound (ORC). Ninty percent of TPH was removed in the presence of ORC in 35 days while 74% in the absence of ORC. This indicated that the indigenous consortial degraders could be immobilized on the active carbon as a biocarrier to manufacture microbial agents and then effectively bioaugmented for remediation of the oil-polluted sediments.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.475-481
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• 1995

The effect of metallothionein expression on the metal resistance and removal by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the plasmid pJW9 was investigated. The recombinant strain S. cerevisiae BZ-pJ was constructed by transforming the host strain S. cerevisiae BZ3l-1-7Ba with the gene coding for a metal-binding protein, metallothionein. Introduction of the MT gene yielded an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of copper more than three times compared with the host strain. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of $Cr^{2+}, Znr^{2+} and Pb^{2+}, $ were not different for the two strains. The recombinant yeast grown in a medium containing 8mM CuSO4 was able to remove copper with a capacity of 18.9mg $Cu^{2+}$/g dry cell. In a mixture of copper and zinc, the presence of copper relieved the toxic effects caused by zinc, resulting in an enhancement of the final cell density and the specific growth rate of the recombinant yeast. The capability to remove copper by the recombinant yeast was linearly proportional to the copper concentrations in the medium. The efficiency of copper removal was rather constant regardless of the initial copper concentrations. The specific removal of zinc was dependent on the zinc concentrations in media, though, and such dependence was not so pronounced as the concentration of copper.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.1 s.96
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• pp.42-48
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• 2006

Bacillus subtilis KMU-13 was isolated from the Lillehammer forest soils at Norway and shown a strong antifungal activity on cucumber scab, Cladosporium cucumerinum KACC 40576. B. subtilis KMU-13 produced a maximum level of antifungal substance under incubation aerobically at $30^{\circ}C$, 180 rpm for 48 hours in LB broth containing 0.5% maltose and 0.5% bactopeptone and initial pH adjusted to 6.0. Butanol extract of cultured broth was confirmed inhibitory zone by plate assay and Rf 0.64 value substance by thin layer chromatography (TLC) represented high antifungal activity against C. cucumerinum KACC 40576 and also shown fungal growth inhibitory activity against Botytis cinerea KACC 40573, C. gloeosporioides KACC 40804, D. byoniae KACC 40669, F. oxysporum KACC 40037, F. oxysporum KACC 40052, F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici KACC 40537, F. oxysporum KACC 40902, M. cannonballus KACC 40940, P. cambivora KACC 40160, R. soiani AG-1 KACC 40101, R. solani AG-4 KACC 40142, and S. scleotiorum KACC by agar diffusion method.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.37.2-37.2
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• 2011

Our previous study on tiny pores (R < 2") observed by HINODE/Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) revealed that the plasma in the pores at the photosphere is always moving down and the pores are surrounded by the strong downward motions (highly red-shifted) of neighboring granulations. From this study, we speculated that the flow motions above the pore should be related with the motions at the photosphere, since the pore is strong magnetic field region. Meanwhile, SNU and KASI installed Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) in the Cude room of the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope (NST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory. FISS is a unique system that can do imaging of H-alpha and Ca II 8542 band simultaneously, which is quite suitable for studying of dynamics of chromosphere. To get some clue on the relationship between the photospheric and low-chromospheric motions at the pore region, we took a coordinate observation with NST/FISS and Hinode/SOT for new emerging active region (AR11117) on October 26, 2010. In the observed region, we could find two tiny pores and two small magnetic islands (SMIs), which have similar magnetic flux with the pores but does not look dark. Magnetic flux density and Doppler velocities at the photosphere are estimated by applying the center-of-gravity (COG) method to the HINODE/spectropolarimeter (SP) data. The line-of-sight motions above the photosphere are determined by adopting the bisector method to the wing spectra of Ha and CaII 8542 lines. As results, we found the followings. (1) There are upflow motion on the pores and downflow motion on the SMIs. (2) Towards the CaII 8542 line center, upflow motion decrease and turn to downward motion in pores, while the speed of down flow motion increases in the SMIs. (3) There is oscillating motion above pores and the SMIs, and this motion keep its pattern along the height. (4) As height increase, there is a general tendency of the speed shift to downward on pores and the SMIs. This is more clearly seen on the other regions of stronger magnetic field. In this talk, we will present preliminary understanding of the coupling of pore dynamics between the photosphere and the low-chromosphere.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2009

The high rising building construction makes increasing the requirement of high strength concrete. Especially, the workability analysis is related with dispersion of admixture such as SF for improving strength and FA, BS for reducing construction cost and improving durability of Ultra High Strength Concrete which has over 100 MPa of compressive strength is very important. Precisely, decreases dispersion because of lumping situation of each admixture and it causes the workability of admixture is decreased. Therefore, the workability of cement paste is tested for analyze effects of pre-mixed cement for solving those problems with it to this research. The summary of the results are like below. First of all, OBS is increasing workability more than OFS. This result causes that the glassy surface of BS in the OBS is increasing workability and the absorption of admixture of FA in the OFS is decreasing workability. In the case of mixing methods, pre-mixing method is increasing workability more than normal one. This result shows that the normal mixing method is bad dispersion of binders. The other side, the pre-mixing method is good. Furthermore, depending on the mixing time, according to the increasing mixing time such as 30, 60, and 120 seconds, the dispersion of binders and workability turns better.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2006

To convert the soybean curd residue (SCR) to functional food ingredient, alkaline fermentation of SCR was performed by Bacillus firmus NA-1 and Bacillus subtilis GT-D for 22 hr at $42^{\circ}C$. The micronized full-fat soy flour (MFS) was fortified to reduce the moisture content as well as to supply protein source. The mucilage and flavor productions in the fermented SCR were enhanced by the fortification of $20\%$ MFS. The peptide production from the SCR fermented with B. subtilis GT-D substantially increased when judged by the detectable amount of tyrosine $(480\;mg\%)$. The production of fibrinolytic enzyme was increased by the fermentation for 22 hr, indicating the relative activity of $62\%$ (B. firmus NA-1) and $47\%$ (B. subtilis GT-D), respectively. The SCR fermented by B. firmus NA-1 and B. subtilis GT-D indicated the consistency of $1.95\;Pa{\cdot}s^n\;and\;0.21\;Pa{\cdot}s^n$, respectively. After freeze-drying, the protease activity (615 unit/g) and a-amylase activity (180 unit/g) were obtained from SCR fermented by Bacillus firmus NA-1 and Bacillus subtilis GT-D, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1308-1315
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop Momordica charantia L. juice fermented by four Lactobacillus species such as Lactobacillus paracasei (LPA), Lactobacillus plantarum (LPL), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LRH), and Lactobacillus reuteri (LRE) as well as to investigate their inhibitory effects against digestive enzymes and antioxidant activities. Fermentation was performed at $37^{\circ}C$ without nutrient supplementation for 72 h. The pH and total lactic acid contents were within the ranges of 3.75~3.96 and 5.21~10.04% in fermented juices, respectively. The type of starter culture and fermentation time induced changes in flavonoid contents more than total phenolic contents. All juices fermented for 48 h strongly inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity with the percentage of inhibition ranging of 91.24~95.05%. Antioxidant activities of all juices mostly increased after 48 h of fermentation. Our results suggest that fermented juice possesses inhibitory activity against digestive enzymes and antioxidant activity, and they can be used as health functional beverages.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 2003

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Paenibacillus sp. JB-13 was immobilized on various carriers by several immobilization methods such as ionic binding, covalent linkage and ultrafiltration to improve the process performance. The ultrafiltration and covalent linkage with CNBr-activated sepharose 4B were found as the best method for immobilization of CGTase. The ability of CGTase immobilization onto CNBr-activated sepharose 4B was as high as 18,000 units/g resin when the conditions was as follows: contact time 9 hrs at $37^{\circ}C$, pH 6.0, 100 nm and enzyme loading 24,000 units/g resin. The optimum conditions for production of 2-O-$\alpha$-D-Glucopyranosyl L-Ascorbic acid by immobilized CGTase turned out to be: pH 5.0, temperature $37^{\circ}C$, 20% substrate solution containing 8% (w/v) of soluble starch and 12% (w/v) of L-ascorbic acid sodium salt, 100 rpm, far 25 hrs and with 800 units of immobilized CGTase/ml substrate solution. Moreover the CGTase activity could be stably maintained for 8 times of repetitive reactions after removing products by ultrafiltration through YM 10 membrane.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2006

To compensate the problems of chemical assay in detoxification of recalcitrant and a practical approach in selection of bioremediation bacteria, a simple and rapid toxicity evaluation system was constructed based on Lumbricus rubellus. Long term-culture and specific equipment are not necessary, and semi-quantitative analysis of toxicity at sub-lethal concentration is possible by measuring of dose-dependent increased yellowish secreted compounds. When the toxicity of endosulfan, its metabolites and structurally related chemicals were measured for 24 h, the results were coincided with previous reports. Toxicity was found in endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, aldrin, and dieldrin, respectively. Rapid and economic selection of endosulfan-detoxifying bacteria was possible using our system. Klebsiella pneumoniae KE-1, K. oxytoca KE-8 and Pseudomonas sp. KS-2P, reported endosulfan degrading bacteria, ameliorated the endosulfan toxicity, whereas E. coli, B. subtilis and other bacteria failed to protect the toxicity of endosulfan in L. rubellus. Our results suggest that the constructed system is useful to selection of microorganism as well as toxicity evaluation against toxic recalcitrants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1228-1235
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• 1997

This study was conducted to standardize the proper ingredient ratios of chinese cabbage kimchi by the sensory evaluation, chemical properties, and functional properties of antimutagenic effect and inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer cells from the ratios obtained from literatures. The standardized ratios of ingredient from the literatures was 13.0 of radish, 2.0 of green onion, 3.5 of red pepper powder, 1.4 of garlic, 0.6 of ginger, 2.2 of anchovy juice, 1.0 of sugar and the final salt concentration 2.7 in the proportion of 100 salted chinese cabbage. The standardized ratio of the ingredients exhibited better overall acceptability and less moldy smell and moldy flavor than any other ratio of ingredient in the sensory evaluation. The standardized kimchi with the above ratios of the ingredients, at final salt concentration of 2.5%, showed high reducing sugar contents and Leuconostoc sp. counts. All juices of the chinese cabbage kimchi showed not only high antimutagenicity against aflatoxin $B_1$ in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 but also strong inhibitory effect on the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in SRB assay, especially these functional properties were the most effective at each standardized ratio of the ingredients. From the taste, chemical and functional properties, the standardized ratios of ingredients was 13.0 radish, 2.0 green onion, 3.5 red pepper powder, 1.4 garlic, 0.6 ginger. 2.2 anchovy juice, 1.0 sugar and the final salt concentration 2.5 in the proportion of 100 salted chinese cabbage.