• Title/Summary/Keyword: soybean processing

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Microbiological Quality Evaluation for Application of the HACCP System to the Bakery Products at Small Scale Bakeries (소규모 베이커리에서의 HACCP적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해도 평가)

  • 엄애선;권성희;정덕화;오상석;이헌옥
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.454-462
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    • 2003
  • Recently, the HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system has been emphasized in food processing industries throughout the world. However, the system has, as yet, not been applied very well to domestic food industries. Due to the increase in the consumption of bakery products, more studies are required on the application of HACCP to establish the system in small-scale bakeries. This study was designed to provide basic data for setting management standards for HACCP, based on microbiological hazard evaluations of bakery products. Red bean paste filled breads, custard cream filled breads and cakes covered with fresh whipping cream were collected, and microbiological evaluations conducted on the raw materials, the manufacturing processes and potential hazards. The result showed the presence of coliforms in fresh cream of cakes and the soybean paste of soybean paste breads at levels as high as 105 CFU/g on the hazard analysis of the raw materials. Moreover, the general levels of bacteria and coliforms were over those of the standards during the intermediate fermentation and molding processes. Furthermore, high levels of coliforms were detected on the hands of the salesmen and bakers themselves. This suggests that the CCPs (Critical Control Points), such as fresh cream and red bean paste manufacturing process desperately require better management. There is also a requirement for education relating to personal hygiene for the production of hygienic bakery products and for the publics health.

Effects of Feed Processing and Feeding Methods on Growth and Carcass Traits for Growing-Finishing Pigs

  • Chae, B.J.;Han, In K.;Kim, J.H.;Yang, C.J.;Ohh, S.J.;Rhee, Y.C.;Chung, Y.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.164-169
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    • 1997
  • The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed processing and feeding methods on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 72 pigs (LYD, 22.24 kg BW) were employed for a 90-d feeding trial. Treatments were 1) mash dry feeding (MD), 2) mash wet feeding (MW), 3) pellet dry feeding (PD), and 4) extruded pellet dry feeding (EPD). Corn, soybean meal and wheat bran in the basal diets were extruded before mixing and pelleting for EPD diet production. Ileal or fecal digestibility and carcass traits including lean meat percentage and weights of stomach ulcer were also examined. During the growing period, pigs fed PD showed improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (F/G) over those fed MD, whereas no significant differences in average daily feed intake (ADFI) were found among dietary treatments. Finisher pigs fed MD showed lover, but not significant, ADG and F/G than those fed MW, PD or EPD. For the overall period, pigs fed PD grew faster (p < 0.05) than those fed MD or EPD. Feed intake was different between the two feeding methods (MD vs MW), and between the two processed feeds (PD vs EPD). The digestibility of crude fat was higher (p < 0.05) in pigs fed EPD than in pigs fed mash feeds. NFE digestibility of EPD treatment was also higher (p < 0.05) than that of PD. Back fat (10th rib area) was thicker (p < 0.05) tn pigs fed MD than in pigs fed EPD. other carcass traits including incidence of esophagogastric ulcers were not different among treatments. In conclusion, pelleting appeared to bo the desirable processing methods and wet feeding could also be recommended for growing-finishing pigs.

Current Status of GM Crop Discrimination Technology Using Spectroscopy (분광분석법을 이용한 형질전환 작물 판별 기술 현황)

  • Sohn, Soo-In;Oh, Young-Ju;Cho, Woo-Suk;Cho, Yoonsung;Shin, Eun-Kyoung;Kang, Hyeon-jung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.263-272
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    • 2020
  • BACKGROUND: This paper describes the successful discrimination of GM crops from the respective wild type (WT) controls using spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. Despite the many benefits that GM crops, their development has raised concerns, particularly about their potential negative effects on food production and the environment. From this point of view, the introduction of GM crops into the market requires the development of rapid and accurate identification technologies to ensure consumer safety. METHODS AND RESULTS: The development of a GM crop discrimination model using spectroscopy involved the pre-processing of the collected spectral information, the selection of a discriminant model, and the verification of errors. Examples of GM versus WT discrimination using spectroscopy are available for soybeans, tomatoes, corn, sugarcane, soybean oil, canola oil, rice, and wheat. Here, we found that not only discrimination but also cultivar grouping was possible. CONCLUSION: Since for the determination of GM crop there is no pre-defined pre-processing method or calibration model, it is extremely important to select the appropriate ones to increase the accuracy in a case-by-case basis.

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and SOD-Like Activity Effect of Jubak Extracts (주박 추출물의 항균활성,항산화 및 SOD 유사활성 효과)

  • Kim, Tae-Young;Jeon, Tae-Woog;Yeo, Soo-Hwan;Kim, Sang-Bum;Kim, Jin-Sook;Kwak, Joon-Soo
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.299-305
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate antimicrobial, antioxidant, DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity effect of Jubak(AFC) extract using hot water and ethanol solvent. All extracts from Jubak(AFC) had antimicrobial activities in the Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Antioxidant activities of the Jubak(AFC) using soybean oil emulsion was confirmed to be higher in the extract using ethanol and hot water than control and the antioxidant was practically effective when concentration of the Jubak was 200 ppm. Scavenging effect of DPPH radical of Jubak extracts showed inhibition effect was above 80%. SOD-like activity were higher in hot water extracts than in ethanol extracts. If keeping up Jubak's study, it could have potential as a cosmetic raw material. Additionally, Jubak could be expected as functional material in food by different extract method.

Processing and Quality Control of Big Data from Korean SPAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research) System (한국형 SPAR(Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research) 시스템에서 대용량 관측 자료의 처리 및 품질관리)

  • Sang, Wan-Gyu;Kim, Jun-Hwan;Shin, Pyong;Baek, Jae-Kyeong;Seo, Myung-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.340-345
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    • 2020
  • In this study, we developed the quality control and assurance method of measurement data of SPAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research) system, a climate change research facility, for the first time. It was found that the precise processing of CO2 flux data among many observations were sig nificantly important to increase the accuracy of canopy photosynthesis measurements in the SPAR system. The collected raw CO2 flux data should first be removed error and missing data and then replaced with estimated data according to photosynthetic lig ht response curve model. Comparing the correlation between cumulative net assimilation and soybean biomass, the quality control and assurance of the raw CO2 flux data showed an improved effect on canopy photosynthesis evaluation by increasing the coefficient of determination (R2) and lowering the root mean square error (RMSE). These data processing methods are expected to be usefully applied to the development of crop growth model using SPAR system.

Microbial Analysis and Safety Evaluation in the Process of Packaged Tofus (포장두부의 가공공정에서 미생물 분석 및 안전성 평가)

  • Wang, Soun-Nam;Choi, Sung-Won;Hur, Nam-Yoon;Baik, Moo-Yeol;Lee, Han-Seung;Kim, Chang-Nam
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.486-491
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to investigate microbial distribution in the processing steps and to estimate quality index and shelf life of packaged Tofu (soybean curd). Sanitation and safety of Tofu were analysed in aspects of total viable counts (TVCs) and coliforms. Organoleptic deterioration was observed from some packaged Tofu when their TVCs were over $10^6\;CFU/g$. The controlled simply packaged Tofu and sterilized Tofu with TVCs of under $10^5\;CFU/g$ were 32.0% and 86.9% of the total samples, respectively. Also, the controlled simply packaged Tofu and sterilized Tofu with negative coliforms were 12.0% and 83.7% of the total samples, respectively. TVCs and coliforms increased in some processing steps, which include washing and soaking of raw soybeans, and formation and 1st cooling of packaged Tofu. Increases of TVCs and coliforms in the washing and soaking step were due to contamination from the soaking tank and airborne bacteria, whereas increases of TVCs and coliforms in the grinding step were due to contaminations from the grinder, line and reserving tank. TVCs and coliforms increased in the formation and 1st cooling step of packaged Tofu due to contaminations from filter wools, trays, employee's hands, cooling water, formed products and filter wools.

Effects of Cellulolytic Enzyme on the Geep-Jang Processing (즙장제조(汁醬製造)에 있어서 섬유소류(纖維素類) 분해효소(分解酵素)의 첨가효과(添加效果))

  • Im, Kook-Ee
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 1974
  • Geep-Jang, a kind of soybean paste, was made from vegetables such as egg-plant, green cucumber and green red pepper besides grains, which was fermented at $55{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ incubator or room temperature for a week. In order to determine the effect of cellulolytic enzymes addition on the Geep-Jang processing, samples were taken by 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours interval after first stage, chemical composition were measured and its results obtained as follows: 1. Reducing sugar was rapidly increased from twenty to forty hours after first stage. 2. Large contents of reducing sugar at G-5 group might originated from the much quantity of carbohydrate sources and speed up the decomposition of raw materials by cellulolytic enzymes. 3. The different content of reducing sugars between G-1 and G-3 group should stemed from the addition of enzymes solution and it's differences were very remarkable id the case of classic soybean koji power 4. The contents of amino-nitrogen was generally more increased than the classic one(G-2, G-4). 5. Fermentation period of Geep-Jang may reduce by addition of cellulolytic enzymes.

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Comparative Study of DNA Fragment According to Steps of Genetically Modified Soybean Processed Food (대두 가공식품의 공정단계별 유전자재조합체(GMO) 단편의 검출확인 및 비교 연구)

  • Hwang, Sun-Wook;Lee, Cheol-Su;Nam, Young-Suk;Kim, Su-Bok;Oh, Duk-Hwan;Kim, Young-Chan
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.211-217
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    • 2003
  • To discriminate between the genetically modified soybean processed foods which were Korean traditional foods as Beansprout, doenjang, Beancurd (Tofu) and the unmodified one. we had analyzed comparatively that the loss degree of inner DNA about denaturalization factors in process step as heat or pressure and decision of suitable PCR primer by size. As a result of having compared about ${\beta}$-actin was 160bp, 335 promotor was 130 bp and NOS terminator was 132 bp effective. As a result of having checked a loss degree of a gene, as for the bean curd, DNA was mostly preserved well, and the loss of DNA along the processing process was hardly observed by a processing process. Most DNA of beansprout have moved to trunk after germination stage, and the appropriate analysis part was judged as the trunk. And the doenjang showed a detection difference of DNA by an operation of an enzye among self-life periods. Besides, after 50days, insertion gene was destoryed entrely so that detection was not possible.

Processing Conditions and Quality Stability of Filefish Steak during Frozen Storage (말쥐치 스테이크가공조건(加工條件) 및 동결저장중(凍結貯藏中)의 품질안정성(品質安定性))

  • Jeon, Joong-Kyun;Jung, Soo-Yeol;Ha, Jae-Ho;Park, Hyang-Suk;Lee, Eung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 1984
  • Processing conditions of filefish steaks and effect of soybean protein on quality during frozen storage were investigated. Additives which is added to the filefish meat were 1% of table salt, 0.2% polyphosphate, 0.5% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2% of monosodium glutamate, 0.2% of red pepper powder, 0.4% of white pepper powder, 0.2% of garlic powder and 0.2% of nutmeg. The mixture was minced in the stone mortar and then stored at -3 to $-5^{\circ}C$ for two days prior to frozen storage. The benefical effects of adding 5% of soybean protein to the filefish steaks were the control of free drip, oxidative rancidity and in texture that exhibited the improvement of quality. The quality of frozen filefish steaks, by sensory evaluvation, was not inferior to that of hamburger on the market.

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Growth Performance, Humoral Immune Response and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Alkali Processed Karanj Cake Incorporated Diet Supplemented with Methionine

  • Panda, K.;Sastry, V.R.B.;Mandal, A.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.677-681
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    • 2005
  • A study was conducted to see the effect of dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processed solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) supplemented with methionine on growth performance, humoral immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from 0 to 8 weeks of age. One hundred and twenty, day- old broiler chicks were wing banded, vaccinated against Marek' disease and distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) into 3 groups of 40 chicks each, which was further replicated to 4 and fed on diet containing soybean meal and those of test groups were fed diets containing alkali (1.5% NaOH) treated SKC partially replacing soybean meal nitrogen of reference diet (12.5%) without or with supplementation of methionine (0.2%). Individual body weight of chicks and replicate-wise feed intakes were recorded at weekly intervals throughout the experimental period. Feed consumption from 1 to 14, 28, 42 and 56 d of age was recorded for each replicate and feed conversion efficiency (weight gain/feed intake) for the respective period was calculated. Mortality was monitored on daily basis. On 28$^{th}$ day of experimental feeding, two birds of each replicate in each dietary group (8 birds/diet) were inoculated with 0.1 ml of a 1.0% suspension of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the antibody titre (log 2) was measured after 5 days by the microtitre haemmagglutination procedure. After 42 days of experimental feeding, a retention study of 4 days (43-47 d) duration was conducted on all birds to determine the retention of various nutrients such as DM, N, Ca, P and GE. On 43$^{rd}$ day of experimental feeding, one representative bird from each replicate of a dietary treatment (4/dietary group) was sacrificed, after fasting for two hours with free access to water, through cervical dislocation to observe the weight of dressed carcass, primal cuts (breast, thigh, drumstick, back, neck and wing), giblet (liver, heart and gizzard), abdominal fat and digestive organs. The body weight gain of chicks fed reference diet and those fed diet incorporated with NaOH treated SKC (12.5% replacement) with or without methionine supplementation was comparable during 0 to 4 weeks of age. However, dietary incorporation of alkali processed SKC replacing 12.5% nitrogen moiety of soybean meal resulted in growth retardation, subsequently as evidenced by significantly (p<0.05) lowered body weight gain during 0 to 6 weeks of age in birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC at 6.43% without methionine as compared to those supplemented with methionine or reference diet. Dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH) processed SKC replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen in the diet of broiler chickens had no adverse effect on feed conversion ratio during all the weeks of experimental feeding. The humoral immune response (HIR) as measured by the antibody titre in response to SRBC inoculation was comparable among all the dietary groups. No significant difference in the intake and retention of DM, N, Ca, P or GE was noted among the chicks fed reference and alkali processed SKC incorporated diets with or without methionine supplementation. None of the carcass traits varied significantly due to dietary variations, except the percent weight of liver and giblet. The percent liver weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC as compared to that in other two groups. Thus solvent extracted karanj cake could be incorporated after alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processing at an enhanced level of 6.43%, replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen, in the broiler diets up to 4 weeks of age, beyond which the observed growth depression on this diet could be alleviated by 0.2% methionine supplementation.