• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 1998

Seed and leaf size is the important morphological traits considered by plant breeder and is the important yield components in soybean. The objective of this research was to know the relationship between seed size and leaf size in 66 $F_2$ populations derived from half diallel mating system with 12 soybean strains, representing distinct seed and leaf size. The range of seed size for 12 parents used was 6.7 to 43.8 g/100 seed. Leaf width leaf length ranged 5.7 to 8.6 cm and 9.4 to 12.9 cm, respectively. Leaf width was highly correlated with leaf length with an R square of 0.754 in the $F_2$ generation. The $F_2$ regression` coefficient indicated that leaves were, on average 1.4 times greater length than in width . Leaf size (width) was highly correlated (r.0.91) with seed size (g/100 seed) in the $F_2$ generation with an R square of 0.833. Our results indicate postive correlation within seed and leaf size is common in $F_2$ segregating populations derived from crossing with soybean. The strong liner relationship we observed between leaf size and seed size in $F_2$ segragating population is useful in that in that indirect selection for a secondary character may be superior to direct selection for the primary character.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2000

A total of 1,830 soybean collections were grown in the field and characterized for 10 morphological traits to determine the diversity and relationship within and among geographical regions. Phenotypic variation was found within all regions for most characters. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranged from 0.49 to 0.62 across regions, and 0.09 to 1.00 across characters. Canonical discriminant analysis and clustering of the canonical means delineated 3 regional clusters: (ⅰ) Kyunggi, Chungchong, Kangwon, Chulla, and Kyungsang; (ⅱ) Heilongjiang; and (ⅲ) Jilin, Manchuria, central China, south China, Others (China), Hokkaido, Honshu, and Others (Japan).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2017

Foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), is a Hemipteran insect that infected a wide variety of plants worldwide and caused serious yield losses in crops. The objective of this study was to identify the putative genes to foxglove aphid resistance in wild soybean, PI 366121 (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.). One hundred and forty-one F4:8 recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between susceptible variety, Williams 82 and foxglove aphid resistance wild soybean, PI 366121 were used. The two type of resistance response, antibiosis and antixenosis resistance were evaluated through choice and no-choice test, graded by the degree of total plant damage and primary infestation leaf damage; a genome-wide molecular linkage map was constructed with 29,898 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers utilizing a Axiom(R) 180K soyaSNP array. Using inclusive composite interval mapping analysis for foxglove aphid resistance, one major candidate QTL on chromosome 7 was identified. The major QTL on chromosome 7 showed both antixenosis and antibiosis resistance responses. The newly identified major QTL was consistent with previously reported QTL, Raso2, which showed around 5 times narrow down interval range with 8 candidate genes. Furthermore, total 1,115 soybean varieties including Glycine soja and Glycine max were exposed to germplasm screening, and 31 varieties, which showed significant antibiosis type foxglove aphid resistance were identified. This result could be useful in breeding for new foxglove aphid resistant soybean cultivars and developing novel insecticides.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

Two hundred and sixty Korean soybean landrace accessions were analyzed for polymorphism at 92 simple sequence repeat(SSR) loci. The 995 identified alleles served as raw data for estimating genetic diversity and population structure. The number of alleles at a locus ranged from three to 27 with a mean of 10.4 alleles per locus. $F_{ST}$ values estimated by analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) using SSR data set were 0.018, 0.027, and 0.016 for usage, collection site and maturity groups, respectively, indicating little genetic differentiation. The model-based clustering analysis placed the accessions into three clusters(K=3) with 0.0503 of $F_{ST}$, indicating moderate genetic differentiation. Duncan's Multiple Range Test at K = 3 on the basis of 18 quantitative traits revealed that one cluster was mainly differentiated from the other two clusters by seed related traits and the other two clusters were differentiated from each other by biochemical traits. Genetic structure of Korean soybean landraces was differentiated by model-based clustering and supported by their phenotypic traits in part. This preliminary study could be the first step towards more efficient germplasm management and utilization of soybean landraces and helpful in association studies between genotypic and phenotypic traits in Korean soybean landraces.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2006

Improvement of crop yield can be achieved through understanding genetic variation in reproductive characters and its impact on yield components. The present study was performed to evaluate genetic diversity for reproductive growth characters in exotic germplasm resources and to determine the relationships between developmental and growth periods with yield and yield components in soybean cultivar groups. For phenotypic evaluation such as reproductive and agronomic traits, a total of 80 indigenous and exotic soybean cultivars collected from four different geographical regions (China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam) were grown from May to November of 2003 at the Seoul National University Farm, Suwon, Korea ($127^{\circ}02'E$ longitude, $37^{\circ}26'N$ latitude). Most of all the characters exhibited wide range of phenotypic variation, of which pod number, seed number, and plant yield showed greater range as compared to other characters. Korean cultivar groups showed greater diversity than the other cultivar groups in seven characters. Correlation analysis showed that days to flowering (DTF) and days to maturity (DTM) had close association with agronomic traits as well as yield and yield components. Both DTF and DTM had positive correlation with the other characters except one hundred seed weight. Stepwise multiple linear regression revealed that seed and pod number were identified as being significant for plant yield. The results in this study indicated wide variation in agronomic traits including DTF and DTM, suggesting the valuable genetic resources in a soybean breeding program.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.146-151
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• 2006

Isoflavone in soybean is known to have the important physiological functions such as antioxidative, estrogenic, and anti-tumor activities. Therefore, isoflavone content is considered as important aspect of soybean quality. The objectives of this study are to determine the isoflavone contents of soybean germplasms including major cultivars in Korea, and to provide the basic information of isoflavone far development soybean cultivar containing high isoflavone content. Among 43 Korean major cultivated soybean samples, the total isoflavone contents were varied from $277.0{\mu}g/g\;to\;2,002.0{\mu}g/g$, and the average total isoflavone content was $1,017.3{\pm}390.0{\mu}g/g$. Total isoflavone content of Seokryangputkong $(2,002{\mu}g/g)$ was the highest among those of the other cultivated soybeans. On the other side, Hwangkeumkong $(277{\mu}g/g)$ contained lower isoflavone than other cultivars. The total isoflavone content of vegetable use or early maturity soybean cultivar $(1,438{\pm}493.7{\mu}g/g)$ showed more higher total isoflavone content than others. The daidzein, glycitein, genistein and total isoflavone contents of 648 soybean germplasms collected in Korea, were ranged $16.9{\sim}2,019.8{\mu}g/g,\;0{\sim}294.9{\mu}g/g,\;38.5\sim1,337.7{\mu}g/g,\;and\;82.6{\sim}3,479.2{\mu}g/g$, respectively, and total isoflavone content of IT 180001 line $(3,479.2{\mu}g/g)$ was the highest among those of other soybean germplasm lines.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2009

Although leaf characters are important in soybean [Glycin max (L.) Merr.] breeding and development of cultural methods, very little information has been reported. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and analyze the relationships among leaf characters and suggest possible classification criteria for cultivating and wild (Glycin soja Sieb. & Zucc.) soybeans. Total of 94 cultivating and 91 wild soybean accessions from the Soybean Germplasm Laboratory of Chungbuk National University were used for this study. Central leaflet of the second leaf from the top of the plant was selected to measure leaf characters. Average leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf shape index (LSI) of cultivating and wild soybeans were 12.3$\pm$1.25 cm and 6.6$\pm$1.35 cm, 6.8$\pm$1.241 cm and 2.9$\pm$0.92 cm, 55.6$\pm$15.75 $cm^2$ and 14.3$\pm$7.83 $cm^2$, and 1.9$\pm$0.38 and 2.4$\pm$0.53, respectively. Based on LSI, three categories of leaf shape, i.e., oval, ovate and lanceolate, were defined as LIS$\leq$2.0, LSI 2.1~3.0 and 3.1$\leq$LSI, respectively. Percentage of oval, ovate and lanceolate leaf types among cultivating and wild soybean accessions were 78.7%, 17.0% and 4.3 %, and 40%, 15.4% and 4.4%, respectively. Based on leaf length, three categories for cultivating, i.e. short leaf ($\leq$11.0 cm), intermediate (11.1~13.0 cm), and long (13.1 cm$\leq$), and four categories, i.e. short ($\leq$5.0 cm), intermediate (5.1~7.0 cm), long (7.0~9.0 cm), and very long (9.1 cm$\leq$) for wild soybeans were defined. Short, intermediate and long leaf types were about 1/3, 1/2 and 1/6, respectively, in cultivating soybeans, and 15.4%, 40.7% and 39.5%, plus 4.4% of very long leaf type in wild soybean. Cultivating and wild soybeans had leaf thickness, leaf area ratio (LAR), angle and petiol length of 0.25$\pm$0.054 mm and 0.14$\pm$0.032 mm, 40.1$\pm$8.22 and 53.7$\pm$12.02, $37.6{\pm}5.89^{\circ}$ and $54.6{\pm}10.77^{\circ}$, and 23.9$\pm$5.89 cm and 5.9$\pm$2.33 cm, respectively. There were highly significant positive correlations between leaf length and leaf width, and negative correlation between LSI and leaf width both in cultivating and wild soybeans. Although leaf area showed significant correlations with leaf length, leaf width and LIS in cultivating soybeans, wild soybeans showed no significant relationships among these characters. In general, soybeans with oval, ovate and lanceolate leaves were significantly different in leaf width and thickness. Cultivating soybean with oval leaf had greater leaf area, while wild soybeans with oval or ovate leaf had longer petiol than with lanceolate leaf.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.640-646
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• 1997

To determine variations in leaflet length (LL), leaflet width (LW), leaflet size (LS), and leaflet shape index (LSI), and their association with eight agronomic traits, characterization data of 884 soybean accessions which were grown in the autumn of 1992 in Taiwan were analyzed. LL ranged from 4.3 to 14.7 cm, and LW ranged from 2.8 to 9.7 cm. Also, LS (LL $\times$ LW) ranged from 12.1 to 124.6 $\textrm{cm}^2$. The absolute variation of LL, LW, and LS was not large because of limitation in vegetative growth by short day length. None was classified as a large leaflet based on the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors. LSI (LL /LW) ranged from 1.21 to 3.06, and three accessions were classified as narrow leaflet. There were differences in ranges and means of LL, LW, LS, and LSI between and within temperate and tropical accessions. LL, LW, LS, and LSI had highly significant positive correlations with seven agronomic traits and highly significant negative correlation with 100-seed weight except LW for all accessions. There was variation in the closeness of association among leaflet traits, and between and within temperate and tropical accessions. Generally, LL, LW, and LS were more closely associated with days to flowering, plant height at $R_1$ and $R_8$, number of pods per plant; LSI was more closely associated with 100-seed weight than other traits.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.502-506
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• 2010

Soybean seed possesses about 15 allergenic proteins recognized by IgEs from soy-sensitive human. The allergenic impact of soybean proteins limit its extensive usage in a broad range of processed foods. Soybean protein P34 or Gly m Bd 30k of the cysteine protease family is one of the major allergen of the soybean seed. P34-null soybean, PI567476, was identified among soybean (Glycine max & Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc) of approximately 16,226 accessions from USDA soybean germplasm screened. Also, for P34 gene (Williams 82; whole genome sequence cultivar) and P34 null gene (PI567476) comparative analysis of sequences listed in the NCBI database showed the presence of a SSLP (Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism) of 4 base pair. So, a SSLP marker was designed to reveal the polymorphism of the locus. In this study, a population of 339 $F_2$ recombinant inbred lines generated by cross between Taekwang (Glycine max) and PI567476 was used to select $F_{2:3}$ plant of a P34 null gene. The result separation rate Taekwang type, heterozygous type and PI567476 type were shown in 85: 187: 67 since single gene is concerned in as the separation rate of 1:2:1 in $X^2{_{0.05}}=5.99$, df=2. In future, selected plant will identify protein level, whether P34 null protein is equal to P34 null gene.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2018

The recent global climate change induced the drought, flooding, and insect pest outbreaks. These caused the severe damage to crop yield in the domesticated field and occurrence change of insect pest species. The sap-sucking insect pest, aphids are common in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cause serious yield losses. Thus, developing resistance cultivars is promising and efficient strategy to prevent the significant yield losses by aphid and screening germplasm is the essential procedure to achieve this goal. We tried to establish a resistance test indicator for foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), in soybean and found that plant damage degree or infested plant damage is most suitable one. Also we screened around 1,200 of soybean germplasm including wild and cultivated species for its resistance to foxglove aphid from the various origins, and 67 soybeans, including PI 366121, showed antixenosis resistance, 31 germplasms among 67 antixenosis germplasms were showed antibiosis to foxglove aphid with non-choice test. The identified foxglove aphid resistant soybean resources showed significantly low rate in survival test. Furthermore, resistance type, (i.e., antibiosis or antixenosis) of each candidate were varied. In this research, we established the screening index for foxglove aphid resistance in soybean, and identified the resistance varieties. This result could be useful resources in breeding for new foxglove aphid resistance soybean cultivars, and provide fundamental information to investigate the resistance mechanism in soybean.