• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1985

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fat on structure and texture of soybean curds by partial or whole replacement of soybean with defatted soy flour, The textural properties of soybean curd were examined by Instron universal testing machine, and the microscopic structure of soybean curds was examined by Scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Textural parameters determined by Instron universal testing machine showed that hardness and gumminess of soybean curs were significantly increased as the fat contents of the samples decreased. On the while, springiness of the samples were significantly lowered as the fat content decreased. 2. Microscopic structure of soybean curds examined by SME demonstrated that samples with high fat had more fat globules and thinner network layer which were assumed to surround moisture with.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.909-915
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• 2010

In order to determine the most effective ratio of black soybean powder as an ingredient in cake, black soybean power was added at ratio of 10, 20, 30, and 40% versus wheat flour set as 0(control). Black soybean powder consisted of moisture(8.44%), crude protein(31.34%), crude fat(6.64%), crude ash(3.88%) and carbohydrates(49.70%). The specific gravity, spreadability, and baking loss increased according to the amount of black soybean powder, although specific volume decreased. The chromaticity 'L' and 'b' values of sponge cake with black soybean powder showed an reducing trend while the 'a' value displayed an increasing trend with an increase in black soybean powder. The texture properties of sponge cake with added black soybean powder showed an increasing trend in hardness and stiffness when the cake contained more black soybean powder. The sensory test for sponge cake with added black soybean powder showed high preference for 20% added black soybean powder to sponge cake.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.399-403
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• 2006

The effect of flour storage conditions on the lipid oxidation of fried products during storage was studied. Wheat flour was stored at $60^{\circ}C$ in the dark and at water activity (Aw) of 0.3, 0.5, or 0.8 for 21 days. The square-shaped dough ($2{\times}2{\times}0.1\;cm$) made with the stored flour and water was fried in soybean oil at $160^{\circ}C$ for 1 min. The fried products were stored at $60^{\circ}C$ for 15 days in the dark. The degree of lipid oxidation of the fried products was evaluated by conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) content and p-anisidine value (PAV). Both CDA content and PAV of the fried products increased with lengthening storage time of the fried products, suggesting that longer storage of the fried products raised the lipid oxidation. Furthermore, the lipid oxidation of the fried products made with flour that had been stored for a longer time tended to be higher than that of those made with unstored or short-term-stored flour. However, Aw at which the flour was stored did not significantly affect the lipid oxidation of either flour or the fried products during storage. The storage time of flour clearly exerted a greater effect than Aw on the lipid oxidation of the fried products during storage at $60^{\circ}C$ in the dark. This suggests that for the storage stability of fried products, the flour storage time is a more important factor than Aw at which the flour is stored.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.704-709
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• 2006

The mucilage production and tyrosine content in soy milk cake (SMC) fermented by Bacillus firmus NA-1, Bacillus subtilis GT-D, and B. subtilis KU-A was improved by fortification with 10% defatted soybean flour. The fibrinolytic activity and consistency of the SMC were drastically increased by solid-state fermentation for 1 day. However, the consistency of the fermented SMC gradually decreased during fermentation for 3 days. Furthermore, the tyrosine content of the freeze-dried powder of SMC fermented by three Bacillus sp. was 9 times higher than that of unfermented SMC. The soybean proteins, including the 7S and 11S subunits, were partially digested during alkaline fermentation, producing lower molecular-weight peptides. The fibrinolytic enzyme produced in SMC fermented by B. firmus NA-l and B. subtilis KU-A exhibited higher thermal stability than that of B. subtilis GT-D fermentation. The powder obtained from B. subtilis GT-D fermentation had an ${\alpha}$-amylase activity and lower consistency compared to those of B. firmus NA-1 and B. subtilis KU-A. In addition, this powder contained 6.3% moisture content, 27% crude protein content and 9 units of fibrinolytic activity and proteolytic activity.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to bake sweet rice muffins with oak mushroom ($Lentinus$ $edodes$) powder. The process included substituting sweet rice flour for cake flour and adding oak mushroom powder. This study determined the optimal mixing conditions of oak mushroom muffins by adjusting the amounts of oak mushroom powder, whole eggs, and soybean oil. The mixing conditions for the oak mushroom muffins included 3 categories: oak mushroom powder (X1), whole eggs (X2), and soybean oil (X3) by Central Composite Design (CCD) which was optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Oak mushroom muffin formulation was optimized using rheology. Yellowness (p<0.001) and redness (p<0.05) displayed a linear model pattern, whereas lightness (p<0.05) was represented by a quadratic model. Among the sensory properties, variables that appeared to show significant values such as appearance (p<0.5), texture (p<0.5), and overall quality (p<0.5) were used to identify optimums. The result of mechanical properties showed significant values in gumminess (p<0.5) and chewiness (p<0.5). The numerical and graphical methods used in this study determined that the optimum formulation for oak mushroom powder sweet rice muffins was 8.75 g of oak mushroom powder, 235.95 g of whole eggs, and 19.93 g of soybean oil.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.212-216
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• 1993

팽나무버섯 재배에 있어서 각종 임산 및 농산폐기물을 기질로 사용한 결과, 나왕, 미송, 혼합톱밥, 커피박 및 땅콩박 중에서 커피박이 가장 자실체 생산이 양호하였으며 영양첨가제로 사용된 미강, 맥주박, 옥수수박, 대두박 및 채종박 중에서는 옥수수박에서 자실체 생산량이 높았다. 커피박과 옥수수박의 4 : 1 혼합비에서 자실체 생산이 129.38 g/bottle로 최대를 나타내었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2014

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the influence of dietary distillers dried grain (DDG) on the growth and body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Five diets were formulated to contain 0% (DDG0), 15% (DDG15), 30% (DDG30), 45% (DDG45), and 60% (DDG60) DDG, and three replicate groups of abalone (average body weight: $3.6{\pm}0.21$ g) were fed one of the experimental diets at a feeding rate of 5% body weight per day once daily (17:00 h) for 8 weeks. Survival, shell length, and shell width of juvenile abalone were not affected by dietary DDG levels (P > 0.05). Weight gains of juvenile abalone fed DDG15 and DDG30 diets were not different compared to DDG0, but abalone fed DDG45 and DDG60 diets gained less weight than those fed DDG0 (P < 0.05). Soft body weight/body weight ratio of juvenile abalone fed the DDG60 diet was lower than that of those fed the DDG0 diet (P < 0.05), but proximate composition of the soft body was not affected by dietary DDG levels (P > 0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that DDG is a good replacement for wheat flour and soybean meal, and can be used up to 30% in the diet to maintain the growth performance of the juvenile abalone.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제26권2호통권85호
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• pp.194-199
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• 1998

본 실험에서 공시균주로 사용된 비늘버섯속균은 1997년도 8월초부터 10월말까지 강원도내의 삼림(삼악산, 오대산, 장원대학 연습림)에서 채집된 것으로서 갓의 지름이 $3{\sim}8\;cm$로 편평형이며 갓표면은 습하면 점성이 있고 황갈색이며 주름살은 완전 붙은형이며 약간 빽빽하고 처음에는 황백색이나 차차 갈색으로 변하기도 한다. 식용 가능한 비늘버섯속균(Pholiota sp.)을 이용하여 자실체 생산에 관한 연구를 한 결과 공시균주인 검은비늘버섯(Pholiota adiposa)의 균사생육에 적합한 온도는 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$로, 자실체 형성에 적합한 온도는 $15{\pm}1^{\circ}C$로 조사되었다. 농업적으로 이용이 가능한 산업용 액체배지의 탄소원으로는 황백당(brown sugar)을 사용하였으며, 질소원으로는 대두분(soybean flour)을 사용하였다. 본 균의 인공자실체는 포플러 톱밥과 쌀겨를 4:1로 혼합한 병재배를 통해 형성되었으며 액체배양장치로는 배양액량이 8 L인 원통형의 내열성 유리병을 선발하여 이용하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.916-918
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• 2002

산가수분해시 산의 농도가 탈지대두박의 isoflavone 양에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 측정한 isoflavone은 daidzin, genistin 등 glucosides와 daidzein, genistein 등 aglycons이었다. 산가수분해는 탈지대두박 분말에 0.25 N-3.00 N HCl을 가하고 $95^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 가열하였다. 그 결과 총 isoflavone은 0.25 N-1.0 N HCl의 범위에서 가열이 진행되면서 증가하여 2시간 후에는 약 40% 증가함을 보였다. 그러나 그 이상의 농도에서는 현저한 감소가 있어 4시간 후에는 52%의 감소가 있었다. 이 결과는 낮은 HCl 농도에서의 증가는 isoflavone isomer가 isoflavone으로 전환되었음을 보여주고 높은 농도에서의 감소는 isoflavone이 분해됨을 보여주고 있다. 가열 중 각각의 isoflavone의 변화는 전체적으로 glucosides는 감소하고 aglycons는 증가하는 경향이었다. 특히 2 N HCl에서의 60분 반응시 daidzin과 genistin, glycitin 등 glucosides는 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.266-271
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• 1997

The effect of partial replacement of flour with roasted soybean powder (0, 5, 10, 15, 20%) was examined by sensory and instrumental analyses of the bread. There were no significant changes in specific loaf volume up to 10% of replacement. Although the hardness of the bread increased with increasing storage time at higher replacement, there were no differences in springiness and cohesiveness compared with control. The yellow color of the soybean powder was reflected in the bread, however, it did not affect the preference. Overall, the bread with 10-15% soybean powder suggested to be acceptable.