• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.604-608
• /
• 1997

Ten selected soybean genotypes, consisting of nine from a pedigree breeding programme and one recommended variety, were evaluated in nine different locations and over two years for stability of yield performance. Variance component analysis revealed that soybean regional yield trials should be performed at more locations rather than in more years. Five stability parameters, which were coefficient of variability, regression coefficient, deviation parameter, variance component for genotype$\times$environment interaction, and ecovalence, were employed in the evaluation. Significant genotype$\times$environment interaction was present with respect to soybean yield. The highest average yield over nine locations and two years was shown in Suwon 145, which was considered to be stable in all stability statistics. In rank correlation among stability parameters, there were highly significant correlations among stability parameters derived from three Eberhart and Russell's, Plaisted's, and Wricke's methods. Due to the different ranking of genotypes by different stability parameters, a comprehensive method should be employed to identify the promising genotype as well as to characterize the relationship between genotype and environment.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.774-778
• /
• 2019

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the major food sources of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for both humans and animals. However, soybean seeds contain antinutritional factors, such as lectin protein, Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI) protein, and stachyose. The objective of this research was to stack recessive alleles for development a triple recessive genotype, titilelers2rs2, with low KTI protein, lectin protein, and stachyose contents. Three parents (Gaechuck#2, PI200508, and 14G20) were used to develop the breeding population. The presence or absence of the lectin and KTI proteins was detected by western blotting. The stachyose content in mature seeds was determined by HPLC. Agronomic traits, such as plant type, plant height, maturity date, lodging, seed quality, and 100-seed weight, were evaluated for the four $F_3$ plant strains. One $F_4$ plant strain with the desired agronomical traits was selected. One new strain with the triple recessive titilelers2rs2 genotype was developed. The plant height of the new strain was 51 cm and the 100-seed weight was 31.0 g. The new strain had a yellow seed coat and yellow hilum. The stachyose content of the new strain was 3.8 g/kg. One strain developed in this research will be used to produce improved yellow soybean cultivars that are free of lectin and KTI proteins and low in stachyose content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.8-9
• /
• 2017

Soybean yield has been low and unstable in Japan and other areas in East Asia, despite long history of cultivation. This is contrasting with consistent increase of yield in North and South America. This presentation tries to describe perspective of breaking stagnation of soybean yield in East Asia, considering the factors of the different yields between regions. Large amount of rainfall with occasional dry-spell in the summer is a nature of monsoon climate and as frequently stated excess water is the factor of low and unstable soybean yield. For example, there exists a great deal of field-to-field variation in yield of 'Tanbaguro' soybean, which is reputed for high market value and thus cultivated intensively and this results in low average yield. According to our field survey, a major portion of yield variation occurs in early growth period. Soybean production on drained paddy fields is also vulnerable to drought stress after flowering. An analysis at the above study site demonstrated a substantial field-to-field variation of canopy transpiration activity in the mid-summer, but the variation of pod-set was not as large as that of early growth. As frequently mentioned by the contest winners of good practice farming, avoidance of excess water problem in the early growth period is of greatest importance. A series of technological development took place in Japan in crop management for stable crop establishment and growth, that includes seed-bed preparation with ridge and/or chisel ploughing, adjustment of seed moisture content, seed treatment with mancozeb+metalaxyl and the water table control system, FOEAS. A unique success is seen in the tidal swamp area in South Sumatra with the Saturated Soil Culture (SSC), which is for managing acidity problem of pyrite soils. In 2016, an average yield of $2.4tha^{-1}$ was recorded for a 450 ha area with SSC (Ghulamahdi 2017, personal communication). This is a sort of raised bed culture and thus the moisture condition is kept markedly stable during growth period. For genetic control, too, many attempts are on-going for better emergence and plant growth after emergence under excess water. There seems to exist two aspects of excess water resistance, one related to phytophthora resistance and the other with better growth under excess water. The improvement for the latter is particularly challenging and genomic approach is expected to be effectively utilized. The crop model simulation would estimate/evaluate the impact of environmental and genetic factors. But comprehensive crop models for soybean are mainly for cultivations on upland fields and crop response to excess water is not fully accounted for. A soybean model for production on drained paddy fields under monsoon climate is demanded to coordinate technological development under changing climate. We recently recognized that the yield potential of recent US cultivars is greater than that of Japanese cultivars and this also may be responsible for different yield trends. Cultivar comparisons proved that higher yields are associated with greater biomass production specifically during early seed filling, in which high and well sustained activity of leaf gas exchange is related. In fact, the leaf stomatal conductance is considered to have been improved during last a couple of decades in the USA through selections for high yield in several crop species. It is suspected that priority to product quality of soybean as food crop, especially large seed size in Japan, did not allow efficient improvement of productivity. We also recently found a substantial variation of yielding performance under an environment of Indonesia among divergent cultivars from tropical and temperate regions through in a part biomass productivity. Gas exchange activity again seems to be involved. Unlike in North America where transpiration adjustment is considered necessary to avoid terminal drought, under the monsoon climate with wet summer plants with higher activity of gas exchange than current level might be advantageous. In order to explore higher or better-adjusted canopy function, the methodological development is demanded for canopy-level evaluation of transpiration activity. The stagnation of soybean yield would be broken through controlling variable water environment and breeding efforts to improve the quality-oriented cultivars for stable and high yield.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.200-201
• /
• 2005

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2013

Mutagenesis is used to study gene function and obtain new genetic resources for plant breeding. Soybean is an important oil crop in the world. Thus, to find new genetic resources, a mutation population was developed from the soybean cultivar Pungsannamul using 0.3% ethyl methane sulfonate. The variation of fatty acids was then evaluated among 892 M4 generation mutant lines selected from 3,774 mutant lines. While the wild type Pungsannamul showed 11.6, 3.4, 23.8, 53.3, and 7.8% for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, respectively. the fatty acid variations in the mutant lines ranged from 7.4 to 19.7%, 2.2 to 13.0%, 14.7 to 49.0%, 31.8 to 63.9%, and 3.9 to 15.9% with an average of 10.8, 3.8, 25.3, 52.0, and 8.1% for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, respectively. Thus, two mutation lines with higher plamitic acid, PE1542 (17.1%) and PE3058 (17.0%), one line with lower stearic acid, PE2166 (1.9%), one line with higher stearic acid, PE977 (12.7%), two lines with higher oleic acid, PE450 (44.4%) and PE2742 (47.7%), and two lines with lower linolenic acid, PE594 (4.6%) and PE1690 (3.7%), were selected from this study. The newly selected fatty acid variants will be good genetic sources for gene function analyses and breeding soybean varieties with altered fatty acids for various industrial and human food applications.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.324-327
• /
• 2009

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, "Galchae" was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. Galchae was selected from a cross between YS1287 and Jinju#1. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials to evaluate the performance of Iksan 64 were carried out from 2005 to 2008. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, brown pubescence, brown seed coat, brown hilum, rhomboid leaflet shape and small seed size (8.4 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of "Galchae" is 6 days later than the check variety, "Dawon". It has good seed quality for soybean-sprout and resistance to lodging. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom (SMV-N). The average yield of "Galchae" was 2.51 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) for double cropping carried out for two years from 2007 to 2008.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.9
• /
• pp.1430-1438
• /
• 2019

Objective: This experiment was designed to determine the effects of coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CC) on muscle fiber characteristics, amino acid composition and transporters gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of finishing pigs. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen Duroc/Landrace/Yorkshire cross-bred male finishing pigs were fed with a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 70, and 140 mg/kg cysteamine. Each group contained eight replicates of nine pigs per replicate. After 29 days, one pig was randomly selected from each replicate and slaughtered. Blood and LDM samples were collected and analyzed. Results: The results showed that supplemental dietary CC increased (p<0.05) the muscle fiber density. And CC supplementation also up-regulated (p<0.05) the expression of myosin heavy chain 1 (MyHC1) and MyHC2x mRNA levels, and down-regulated (p<0.05) MyHC2b expression in the LDM. Additionally, supplemental dietary CC reduced (p<0.05) the concentration of total cholesterol in the plasma and enhanced (p<0.05) the concentrations of essential amino acid and total amino acid in the LDM. The relative expression levels of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase 2, $b^{0,+}$ amino acid transporter, and $y^+$-L-type amino acid transporter 1 were upregulated (p<0.05) in the LDM when pigs were fed with the dietary CC of 70 mg/kg. Conclusion: Cysteamine supplementation could increase fiber density and distribution of fiber types. It also improved the deposition of protein in the LDM by up-regulated the expression of amino acid transporters.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2016

Wildfire caused by Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci has been seen a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence on soybean in Korea. But up to know there is no official report on the prevalence of the disease in Korea. The nationwide survey of the occurrence of soybean wildfire showed that 19 out of 30 regions in 2014 and 9 out of 28 regions in 2015 had been infected with P. amygdali pv. tabaci. The severity of wildfire varied according to the cultivar, cultivation regions and climates. However, cultivar seoeitae was susceptible in both 2014 and 2015. The disease severity of 2014 was twice that of 2015. Since the temperature of 2014 and 2015 were very similar but the precipitation of 2014 was more than twice that of 2015, the precipitation of 2014 had a great impact on the wildfire disease severity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.558-577
• /
• 2020

Isoflavone contents in soybean seeds are affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Correlation analysis between these factors and isoflavone contents are considered as valuable inputs when breeding improved soybean cultivars. In this study, the seeds of 49 soybean accessions grown in Korea were grouped as black, yellow, green, yellowish-green, pale yellow, and green with a black spot based on their seed coat colors. The contents of 12 isoflavones were analyzed and the association between isoflavone content and seed coat color was determined. The accessions were also grouped as early, intermediate, and late-maturing based on their days to maturity. Out of the 12 isoflavones, 11 were found in 2 accessions, 9 in 18 accessions, 8 in 11 accessions, 7 in another 11 accessions, and 6 in 7 accessions. The total isoflavone content (TIC) in black, yellow, green, yellowish-green, pale yellow, and green with black spot soybeans was in the ranges 2.110 ~ 5.777, 2.487 ~ 4.733, 2.185 ~ 4.413, 2.681 ~ 4.065, 1.827 ~ 4.085, and 3.376 ~ 4.133 mg/g, respectively. The average TIC was highest in green with black spot soybeans (3.616 mg/g), and lowest in pale yellow soybeans (2.875 mg/g). Besides, the average TIC was lowest in early maturing accessions compared to late- and intermediate-maturing accessions. TIC was strongly correlated to malonylgenistin (r = 0.91) and malonyldaidzin (r = 0.78) contents, and poorly correlated to glycitein (r = 0.04) and malonylglycitin (r = 0.18) contents. Also, days to maturity showed strong correlation with malonylgenistin (r = 0.47) content and TIC (r = 0.38). The principal component analysis outlined accessions with high TIC and diverse isoflavones along the first and second components, respectively. The results of the present study depicted that green soybeans with a black spot could be sources of high TIC. Furthermore, late-maturing accessions with diverse isoflavones in their seeds could be useful in future agricultural systems in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.5 s.85
• /
• pp.599-605
• /
• 2007

Seed and pod numbers are the main yield components in soybean. Selection for increased yield potential is main goal of plant breeding. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs) that control pod number per plant, seed number per plant and pod in soybean. The 117 $F_{2:10}$ recombinant inbred lines(RILs) developed from a cross of 'Keunolkong' and 'Shinpaldalkong' were used. Two independent QTLs for pod number per plant were identified from linkage group(LG) F and L. Two QTLs for seed number per plant were located on LG F and L. Seed number per pod was related with three QTLs located on LG D1a, D1b and F. Pod and seed number per plant have two common QTLs on LG F and L.