• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.1122-1131
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-assessed preferences for saltiness as well as salt-related dietary behaviors of university students in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Data were collected from subjects, including 175 male and 225 female university students. This survey was conducted using self-boarding questionnaires. Exactly 29.5% of all students answered 'salty' for their self-assessed preference of saltiness, and 42.5% indicated 'salty' for their assessed saltiness of university foodservice operations. Salt-related dietary behavior scores were significantly different among monthly spending money (P<0.01), self-assessed preference of saltiness (P<0.001), frequency of using university foodservice operations (P<0.001), and assessed saltiness of university foodservice operations (P<0.001). Among the 15 items of salt-related dietary behaviors, 4 items scored over 3.00/5.00, including frequent eating-out or consumption of delivered foods, kimchi, soy paste soup or other broth soups, and ramyon (instant noodle). Males revealed higher preferences for ham or sausage (P<0.05), table salt (P<0.01), broths (P<0.01), and complete consumption of soups and stews (P<0.01), whereas females showed greater preferences for eating-out or delivered foods (P<0.01). Overweight students showed higher preferences for all broths and complete consumption of soups and stews (P<0.01).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.407-415
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• 2002

The survival of the early larvae of the freshwater crab, E. japonicus, fed on different diets at 22土1$^{\circ}C$ and 24$\pm$1% were studied in the laboratory. The larvae in the control (no feed) lived for 4 days (1~2 zoeal stages), and in the experimental container of non-living foods (egg Powder, soy bean Powder, Pellet Powder, millet Powder, and mussel meat), they were lived for 7~9 days (2~3 zoeal stages), When the larvae fed on phytoplankton (Chlorella ellipsoid., Skeletonema costatum. and Chaetoceros gracilis), they lived for 10, 18, and 19 days(3~5 zoeal stages), and fed on zooplankton (Artemianauplii and rotifer), they were reached to the juvenile stage in 24 and 25 days, respectivily. When the larvae fed on a mixed diets (see table 1). it was more effective than a single food diet, and the most effective diets included Chaetoceros gracilis, Artemia nauplii and rotifera, in which the larvae reached the juvenile stage in 22 days, and the survival was 73%.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1972

These experiment were conducted to study the effects of various vitamins and amino acids upon the growth of Saccharomyces rouxii T9 and the results obtained were as follows. (1) As a growth factor, inositol, ribofavin, niacin and para amino benzoic acid were not required. (2) Though biotin, thiamin and Ca-pantothenate were adaptably required, vitamins required in absolute were not existed. (3) The growth rate of Saccharomyces rouxii T9 in the deficient group of biotin, thiamin, pyridoxine, riboflavin and Ca-pantothenate were more decreased on the media containing 26% of NaCl than containing none of NaCl in the earlystage of cultivation, while the growth rate showed the opposition tendency in the latter term of cultivation. (4) As an amino acid, methionine, tryptophan, serine, threonine, cystine, glycine, leucine and valine showed systematically the effects of addition in the compound media containing $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ as a nitrogen sources. (5) The growth rate of Saccharomyces rouxii T9 in the addition group of histidine, lycine, arginine, aspartic acid, proline and tyrosine were somewhat decreased on the media containing higher concentration of NaCl comparison with none NaCl media in the early stage of cultivation, showing the similar or increasing tendency in the latter term of cultivation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effect of fish oil rich in n-3 fatty acids on bone characteristics in Sprague-Dawley rats. Weanling male rats were randomized to receive either a diet containing high fish oil (FO), fish oil blended with corn oil (FICO), or soy oil rich in n-6 fatty acids (SO) for 4 weeks. All diets provided 70 g/kg fat based on the AIN-93G diet. Growth and biomarkers of bone metabolism were analyzed, and femur bone characteristics were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After the dietary treatment, no significant differences among the diet groups were observed for serum concentrations of Ca, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, or osteocalcin. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly greater in FO-fed rats compared to that in the FICO and SO groups, whereas no difference in deoxypyridinoline values was observed, supporting the positive effect of a FO diet on bone formation. These results were accompanied by a significant increase in femur bone mineral density (BMD) in FO-fed rats. These findings suggest that providing fish oil rich in n-3 fatty acids correlates with higher alkaline phosphatase activity and BMD values, favoring bone formation in growing rats.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate five different strains of rhizobacterial isolates viz. PA1, PA2, PA4, PA5 and PA12 for biological control against Colletotrichum acutatum, C. coccodes, C. gloeosporioides, C. dematium, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia minor and Fusarium sp. In vitro inhibition assay was performed on three different growth mediums, potato dextrose agar (PDA), tryptic soy agar (TSA), and PDA-TSA (1:1 v/v) for the selection of potential antagonistic isolates. According to the result, isolate PA2 showed the highest inhibitory effect with 65.5% against C. coccodes on PDA and with 96.5% against S. minor on TSA. However, the same isolate showed the highest inhibition with 58.5% against C. acutatum on PDA-TSA. In addition, an in vivo experiment was performed to evaluate these bacterial isolates for biological control against fungal pathogens. Plants treated with bacteria were analyzed with phytopathogens and plants inoculated with phytopathogens were treated with isolates to determine the biological control effect against fungi. According to the result, all five isolates tested showed inhibitory effects against phytopathogens at various levels. Mode of action of these rhizobacterial isolates was evaluated with siderophore production, protease assay, chitinase assay and phosphate solubilizing assay. Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, which showed that isolates PA1 and PA2 belong to Bacillus subtilis, whereas, PA4, PA5, and PA12 were identified as Bacilus altitudinis, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, respectively. Results of the current study suggest that rhizobacterial isolates can be used for the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) effect as well as for biological control of various phytopathogens.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.154-166
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• 2003

To investigate the effects of isoflavone supplementation on both bone mineral density and hormone variation in premenopausal women who had decreased bone mass, the 24 subjects were divided into two groups: one was the underweight group, consisting of 13 subjects, and the other was the normal weight group consisting of 11 subjects. For each group, we investigated the effects of isoflavone supplementation of 90 mg/day on both bone mineral density and hormone variation during 3 menstrual cycles. Anthropometric measurements, dietary recall, and analyses of blood and urine were assessed from baseline to post-treatment. The results were as follows: The average age of the underweight group was 21.8 years old and that of the normal weight group was 23.2 years old. The comparative results for the two groups at baseline were as follows: Onset of menarche, menstrual cycle, and menstrual length were not significantly different between the groups. Serum protein, total, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, and Zn level were not significantly different between the groups. Serum estradiol, SHBG, LH, and FSH level were also not significantly different between the groups. Lumbar spine BMD by T scores of the underweight group was significantly lower than that of the normal weight group. Serum osteocalcin, urinary DPD, and urinary pH were not significantly different between the groups. The comparative results for the two groups at post-treatment were as follows: From baseline to post-treatment, the intake of energy, nutrients and isoflavone in food did not significantly change in either group. Serum protein, total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels did not significantly change in either group. Serum Ca, Cu, and Zn levels were significantly lower in both groups and serum Mg level significantly decreased only in the underweight group. Serum estradiol levels were significantly lower in both groups, but serum SHBG, LH, and FSH levels did not significantly change in either group. Lumbar spine BMD by T score of the underweight group significantly increased to 15%, but that of the normal weight group did not significantly change. Serum osteocalcin of the underweight group significantly increased to 28%, while that of the normal weight group significantly increased to 40%. Urinary DPD of the normal weight group significantly increased to 12%. The results show that the BMD of the underweight group was lower than that of the normal weight group. Therefore, the underweight group had a disadvantage in obtaining maximum bone mineral density. The results also show that isoflavone supplementation during 3 menstrual cycles was effective in increasing the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and affected bone metabolism markers in premenopausal underweight women. Therefore, it can be concluded that sufficient intake of isoflavone could be helpful in preventing decreases in bone mass among premenopausal women, especially underweight women.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2001

Medicinal plant extracts including Rubus coreanus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Eriobotrya japonica, Prunus mume, Crataegus pinnatifida, Rosa leavaigate Prunus persica, Prunus japonica var. nakaii and Spiraea blumei were prepared for the test of antibacterial activity. Tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing $0{\sim}10mg/ml$ of medicinal plant extracts was inoculated with $10^6$ cells/ml of Staphylococcus aureus and incubated at $35^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The plate counting method and clear zone test were used to test inhibitory effect of the extracts. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was derived from the survival curves of S. aureus. The order of antibacterial activities of medicinal plant extracts on the S. aureus was Rubus coreanus > Sanguisorba officinalis > Eriobotrya japonica > Prunus mume > Crataegus pinnatfida. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Sanguisorba ofEcmalis on the Staphylococcus aureus was 2.5mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration of Rubus coreanus was 1.0%. Inhibition zone of Rubus coreanus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Eriobotrya japonica, Prunus mume, and Crataegus pinnatifida was 16.5mm, 14.3mm 11.0mm, 14.0mm and 12.7mm, respectively. The morphology of S. aureus cells treated with medicinal plant extracts showed damage of cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Severely damaged cells of S. aureus lost electron dense material and cytoplasm. This result suggests that medicinal plant extracts can be used as an effective natural antibacterial agent in food.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.286-292
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• 2009

This is the basic study of Cheong-song mineral waters(Dalgi and Sinchon) for a coagulant of Tofu. For comparison, $CaCl_2,\;CaSO_4,\;MgCl_2\;and\;MgSO_4$ are used as reference coagulants. The coagulability test was conducted by measuring the percentage transmittancy of filtered whey solution at 600 nm wavelength, in $80\;{^{\circ}C}$ and 10 mL of solution volume which composed of 2 mL of soy milk and coagulants. The coagulability test of mineral waters require more than an aliquot of 8 mL. Good result obtained by adding 0.4, 1, 0.8, 0.8 mL of reference coagulants and this is equivalent to the amount of 66.14, 232.83, 95.68, 78.88 mg of Ca and Mg respectively. The percentage transmittancy of filtered whey solution with added 8 mL of Dalgi and Sinchon mineral waters showed 50.74 and 58.52 respectively and the amount of mineral content of Ca and Mg equivalent to 2.41 and 2.48 mg respectively which is very lower value than the reference coagulants. This means mineral water has coagulation ability even in the low concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2002

In this paper we dealt with processing of sausage using duck mechanically deboned meat(duck-MDM). The results may be summarized as follows : 1) after semi-thawing of freezing duck-MDM at $25^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and cutting as thin, 2) alkali washing at low temperature for 4 hours by 0.2% NaHCO$_3$and 0.15% NaCl, 3) curing at low temperature for 4 hours, 4) after washing and dehydrating(moisture 80%), 5) grinding at low temperature for 55 minutes by silent cutter such as 1st grinding for 10 minutes added only dehydrated meat, 2rd grinding for 30 minutes added salt in 1st grinded meat and 3rd grinding for 15 minutes added other additives, 6) after quick casing in PVDC film and heating at 9$0^{\circ}C$ for 80 minutes, 7) cooling to below room temperature. The additives added at 3rd grinding process were Polymix-CA(0.3%), Polymix-CS(0.3%), polyphosphate(0.3%), sugar(4.2%), potato starch(8.0%), pyre-phosphates(0.3%), isolated soy protein(7.0%), MSG(0.2%), onion powder(0.5%), garlic powder(0.1%), nutmeg (1.5%), potassium sorbate(<0.1%), food red no.40(0.0075%), egg albumin(7.0%) and gluten(3.0%).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.517-522
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• 2001

To Confirm the repression of off-odor and improvement of food quality in small black bean chungkugjang (SBC), some taste compounds of SBC added with kiwi and radish homogenate and fermented fro 3 days at 42$^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Contents of free amino acids in SBC were lower than that of soybean chungkugjang (SC) and were increased by adding kiwi and radish homogenate to black bean, indicating that two materials were effective to the enzymatic digestibility of soy protein. Of organic acids, citric acid was the most abundant, followed by acetic acid and lactic acid. Fatty acid composition was high in the order of linoleic acid (50.82~54.51%), oleic acid (17.76%~22.10%) and plamitic acid(12.13~13.79%). There were no significant difference in compositions of organic acids and fatty acids of chungkugjang. Major volatile compounds of SBC were indole , 2-5-dimethyl pyrazine and trimethyl pyrazine. Contents of alkyl pyrazines that contribute the characteristic aroma and flavor of SBC added and fermented with kiwi and radish homogenate were 3 times lower than those of SC. Uracil and UMP were major nucleic acie-drlated compounds in all four chungkugjangs. Contents of the other nucleic acid-related compounds were a similar trend in all chungkugjangs.