• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2016

This study performed the physical and mechanical experiment on the samples of costal marine clays individually collected in western and southern regions to identify the characteristics of western and southern costal marine clay. Based on the experiment result, the characteristics of costal marine clay is identified undrained shear strength. Based on the experiment result on the physical and mechanical characteristics of costal marine clays, the regression is presented that can analyze the mechanical characteristics of undrained shear strength in costal marine clay of Korea, region of Korea and western-southern region. The correlation of uniaxial compressive strength and undrained shear strength was suitable for use of western-southern region correlation equation. The test result of Jeonnam Yeosu area compares with prediction results of previous researchers formula and western-southern region formula. Prediction results appear highest reliability on the 0.827 of coefficient of determination in the prediction results of the western-southern region formula.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2003

Seasonal variation of phytoplankton was investigated with surface mixed layer ecosystem model in the East Sea. The model consisted of four compartments (phytoplankton, zooplankton, nutrient, detritus) forced by mixed layer depths, photosynthetically available radiation and nutrient concentrations. From model results we estimated entrainment rate $2.5-4.0\;m{\cdot}day^{-1}$ to reproduce the two annual blooms, and reproduced seasonal variation of phytoplankton at southern and northern regions by the difference of surface winter mixed layer depth (MLD) using the entrainment rate value $3.0\;m{\cdot}day^{-1}$. The spring blooms in the southern and northern regions closely related to deepening of a winter surface MLD. In the southern region where MLD was shallow and phytoplankton spring bloom occurs one month in advance to the northern region where MLD was deep. The amount of light increases within the MLD during the onset of stratification and water temperature increases faster in spring in the southern region than the northern region. Decrease of phytoplankton was mainly affected by zooplankton grazing in the southern region and by nutrient exhaustion in the northern region. The fall bloom in the two regions was caused by the nutrient availability and entrainment on the phytoplankton.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.306-311
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• 2012

Water management is the most important and difficult problems in red pepper cultivation.The water requirement of red pepper is different according to the area as well as climate condition, growth stage and soil texture. Also, the measurement of evapo-transpiration (PET) and crop coefficient (Kc) is very difficult especially in field cultivation. The average PET during 30 years of southern region of korea for the red pepper cultivation was a $2.75mm\;day^{-1}$. The water saving irrigation manual with irrigation interval and amount of irrigation according to growing season and soil texture, are developed based on the lysimeter experiments carried out by the RDA for 11 years about potential evapo-transpiration, crop coefficient for the 17 southern region of korea. The water saving irrigation manual can be used with easy to the farmer without soil sampling and any kinds of sensors measuring soil water status.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.251-263
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• 2019

We investigated the mesozooplankton community structure during autumn in the southern Yellow Sea. Mesozooplankton density generally ranged from 352 to 2,954 ind. m^-3 and varied according to different sampling stations. The copepod Paracalanus parvus s.l. and its copepodites dominated in the communities, corresponding to 57.3% in density of the total. Surface and water-column averaged salinity were positively correlated with density of total mesozooplankton, copepods and a few dominant species, and the tunicate Thalia rhomboides was negatively related to chlorophyll-a concentration. The mesozooplankton community of the study area was divided into three groups according to the cluster analysis using species composition and density: one in the northern coastal region, another in the northern offshore region, and the other in the south. The most significant indicator species for each of the groups were Labidocera euchaeta in the northern coastal region, T. rhomboides in the northern offshore region, and Themisto sp. juveniles in the south. This study provides recent data on the characteristics of the mesozooplankton community in the southern Yellow Sea, which may be valuable for gaining a better understanding of changes in the pelagic ecosystem of the Yellow Sea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

This study was conducted from October 2014 to May 2015 to explore forage production and feed values of Italian ryegrass, Rye and whole crop barley as winter forage crops in the Southern region of Korea. The experimental location was over 10 points for each species and each sampling point area was $1m^2$ (Width: 1 m ${\times}$ Length: 1 m). Air mean temperature and rainfall in the Southern region of Korea during the experimental period was $6.95{\pm}5.75^{\circ}C$ and $70.45{\pm}54.68mm$, respectively. Fresh forage yield of Italian ryegrass, the most cultivated forage in the Southern region of Korea, was $44.4{\pm}7.0ton/ha$. The percentage of dry matter for whole crop barley was $28.9{\pm}7.0%$. Crude protein (CP) was higher in Italian ryegrass ($10.7{\pm}5.3%$) while total digestible nutrient (TDN) had the highest value in whole crop barley. Crude protein was not significantly different by location. However, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total digestible nutrient value of forage from Jeonbuk province were higher than in forage from Gyeongnam province.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.257-274
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• 2003

This study is to diagnose the tourism structure of the southern region in Kangwon province and to correct the problems regarding the subject. The methods of comparison and analysis on structural and geographical characteristics of tourists, tourism resources, and tourism industry by region have been employed. It was found that the southern region of Kangwon province has many advantages for tourism industry including excellent transportation networks such as Kangnws and Wonju and tourism demands are great for coal mines in the region including Chongson, Taebaek, and Samchok. Accordingly, tourism in the region has witnessed a distinctive increase in recent years. On the other hand, excessive dependence on nature-based tourism, concentration of tourism demands only during summer season, and insufficient tourism facilities are found to be problems. This study also found that for sustainable tourism developments in the southern region of Kangwon, categorization and diversification of tourism resources, development of combined programs connecting Kangwon province to other regions, improvement of tourism facilities, expansion of tourism market, and smaller division of tourism area are necessary.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1998

Twelve Italian ryegrass (Lolium mult~flomm L.) cultivars have recommended as the government recommended forage cultivars since 1984, however, the forage performance and quality have been mostly tested at two locations, such as Suweon and Sunghwan in the Middle Northwestern and Middle Southwestern Coast Regions, respectively. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to retest the forage performance and quality of already recommended twelve government Italian ryegrass cultivars at five scattered locations, such as Icheon, Suweon, Sunghwan, Keon- and Kwangju from 1992 to 1995 with the intention of improving recommendations to dairy farmers. Cultivars with more dry matter yield than the control 'Tetrone' were 'Tosca' , 'Bartissimo' , 'Florida 80' and 'Gordo' in the Middle Northwestern Coast Region ; 'Tosca' , 'Florida 80' , 'Bartissimo' , 'Wencke' and 'Gordo' in the Middle Southwestern Coast Region ; 'Tosca' , 'Florida 80' , 'Sikem' , 'Bartissimo' , 'Wencke' and 'Gordo' in the Keongbuk Inland Region; 'Florida 80', 'Tosca' , 'Barmultra' and 'Bartissimo' in the Southern Inland Region and 'Florida 80' , 'Gordo' , 'Sikem' , 'Bartissimo' and 'Tosca' in the Southern Coast Region. At all the locations in 1992-95, 'Florida 80' produced the highest forage yield and showed earliness, but this cultivar was less cold tolerant in the Middle Northwestern and Middle Southwestern Coast Regions and grew tall which made it vulnerable to lodging in all the exprimental regions except the Southern Coast. Differences among the ryegrass cultivars for the three year mean ADF and NDF were small and inconsistent.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

This study was to evaluate the feasibility of pre-consolidation pressure distribution characteristic of western and southern coastal region, using correlation of unconfined compressive strength and preceding research equation. Pre-consolidation of western and southern region showed similar trends undrained shear strength and pre-consolidation pressure in proportion to unconfined compressive strength. Predicted results of U.S. NAVY. (1982) equation revealed a small error western 9.7 % and southern 0.4 %. Prediction correlation results of pre-consolidation using unconfined compressive strength revealed an error western 16.8 % and southern 0.7 %. It was reported that less than 20 percent of pre-consolidation pressure prediction result of Casagrande forecasting error. Estimates of pre-consolidation pressure are possible, before the standard consolidation test, because it was reported that less than 20 % of the forecasting errors of Casagrande.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.970-977
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• 2006

Forage oat (Avena sativa L.) is grown extensively in a double-cropping system on dairy farms. Four oat varieties ('Swan', 'Targa', 'Foothill', and 'Nugene') were evaluated for forage production and forage quality during two growing seasons (spring and autumn) at two locations (central and southern region) in South Korea. The heading stage of four oat varieties was observed during spring, but the autumn season did not produce heading until harvest time except for the 'Swan' variety (early-maturing variety). The heading stage of 'Swan' in both locations was earlier compared to other varieties. The four varieties were resistant to both foliar disease and insects. Lodging resistance was higher during autumn except in 2002 at the central region, and late-maturing varieties ('Foothill' and 'Nugene') have lower lodging resistance. Dry matter (DM) content was significantly different between varieties (p<0.001). Comparing different varieties, 'Swan', an early-maturing variety, was highest in DM content. In DM, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) yield, the yield of oat varieties in the southern region was higher than in the central region, and forage yield of the oat varieties in the spring season was higher than during the autumn season. The DM and TDN yield showed significant differences between oat varieties. The CP content of oats grown in the central region (Cheonan) was lower than oats grown in the southern region (Daegu), and the spring season produced oats with lower CP compared to the autumn season. Among the four oat varieties, the CP content of late-maturing varieties was higher than the Swan variety (early-maturing variety). The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were higher for the varieties grown in Cheonan and during the spring season. The ADF and NDF contents of late-maturing varieties were lower than the early-maturing variety. TDN and relative feed value (RFV) were higher for the varieties grown in Daegu and during the autumn season. Late-maturing variety had higher TDN and RFV than early-maturing variety. Our study showed differences in forage production and forage quality of oats grown in different locations, seasons and varieties. Forage quality as well as forage production was better in the southern region than in the central region. Forage quality was better during autumn, but forage production was better during spring. Late-maturing variety had better forage quality than the early-maturing variety. Therefore, late-maturing varieties are more suitable for use in the southern region.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.714-720
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• 2015

Since physical and mechanical properties of wood are affected by environmental factors such as soil and climate change, this study investigated relationships between wood quality factors and stand characteristics of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii forest in the southern region of Korea, including Jeollanam-do Province and Je-ju island. The obtained results found very close relationships between physical and mechanical properties of wood and stand characteristics. The air-dried density and strength performance of woods showed a negative correlation with the diameter at breast height (DBH) while they were positively related to altitude and drainage of the forest site. And wood properties showed variations depending on the region. These results brought a conclusion that wood of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii in the southern region could be useful forest resources for timber production.