• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.97-110
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• 2016

Cryptanalysis is very important step for auditing and checking strength of any cryptosystem. Some of these cryptosystem ensures confidentiality and security of large information exchange from source to destination using symmetric key cryptography. The cryptanalyst investigates the strengths and identifies weakness key as well as enciphering algorithm. With increase in key size the time and effort required to guess the correct key increases so trend is increase key size from 8, 16, 24, 32, 56, 64, 128 and 256 bits to strengthen the cryptosystem and thus algorithm continues without compromise on the cost of time and computation. Automatic Variable Key (AVK) approach is an alternative to the approach of fixing up key size and adding security level with key variability adds new dimension in the development of secure cryptosystem. Likewise, whenever any new cryptographic method is invented to replace per-existing vulnerable cryptographic method, its deep analysis from all perspectives (Hacker / Cryptanalyst as well as User) is desirable and proper study and evaluation of its performance is must. This work investigates AVK based cryptic techniques, in future to exploit benefits of advances in computational methods like ANN, GA, SI etc. These techniques for cryptanalysis are changing drastically to reduce cryptographic complexity. In this paper a detailed survey and direction of development work has been conducted. The work compares these new methods with state of art approaches and presents future scope and direction from the cryptic mining perspectives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.46-66
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• 2016

This thesis aims to analyze the costume changes according to the ideological transition through the portraits of Napoleon Bonaparte. This study selected 32 color pictures of Napoleon, which was taken during his time as a general to his ascension as Emperor (1785-1815). The study qualitatively analyzed the traits and costume elements in view of the items, color and ornaments of the costume, while studying the effects of the ideological transition. The costumes of Napoleon were categorized into three parts: general, governor and Emperor. Firstly, Napoleon most frequently wore the navy uniforms when taking the portraits as a general. The uniform gave Napoleon the image of strength, youth and intelligence, which reflected the ideology of enlightenment. Secondly, the red-colored administrator uniform, combined with a military coat with culotte, was worn to make the governor look intelligent, which would ascribe to the ideological demand of the enlightenment. Lastly, his portraits as emperor showed him in long white tunica, combined with red-colored coronation cape ornamented with embroidery, ermine fur, and the crown of laurel. This costume denoted both the enlightenment and also the neoclassical trend aspiring for the return to the Greek and Roman era. In this way, the portrait of Napoleon might be expected to reflect the periodical change of the ideology through describing the transition of the costumes. It might be evident that his image of the strong general changed to that of an intelligent governor, which was in demand when the enlightenment idea became popular. When Napoleon became the emperor, his image changed into that of a Roman emperor, which implies that neoclassical ideas were used as source of influence.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.485-492
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• 2018

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding a diet supplemented with swine hair protein (SHP) on the nutrient digestibility of Korean native chickens and their egg production as well as on egg quality. In experiment 1, twenty roosters of the Hanhyup-3 strain were assigned to an individual cage to give 10 replicates per treatment (i.e., 0 and 10% of SHP), and the nutrient digestibility in response to the SHP supplementation was measured. In experiment 2, fifty-four layers of the Hy-Line strain were assigned to an individual cage to give 27 replicates per treatment (i.e., 0 and 10% of SHP), and egg production and egg quality were measured. In experiment 1, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and crude fiber in response to the diet supplemented with SHP. In experiment 2, although no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found with the dietary treatments, the 10% SHP supplemented diet decreased (p < 0.05) the feed intake of laying hens. However, the SHP supplemented diet did not affect (p > 0.05) the laying rate, egg weight and feed conversion ratio of those fed the diet. Eggshell thickness and yolk color decreased (p < 0.05); however, eggshell strength, eggshell color, albumen height and Haugh units increased (p < 0.05) by feeding layers a diet supplemented with SHP. In conclusion, the results suggest that 10% SHP supplemented in a poultry diet could be a useful protein source.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.447-462
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• 2020

The paper aims to investigate the mechanical mechanism and seismic effect of stiffeners in blind bolt endplate connection to CFST column. A precise 3D finite element model with considering the cyclic properties of concrete and steel materials was established, and the efficiency was validated through monotonic and cyclic test data. The deforming pattern and the seismic performance of the unstiffened and stiffened blind bolt endplate connections were investigated. Then a parametric analysis was conducted to analyze the contribution of stiffeners and the joint working behaviors with endplate under cyclic load. The joint stiffness classifications were compared and a supplement stiffness classification method was proposed, and the energy dissipation ability of different class connections were compared and discussed. Results indicated that the main deformation pattern of unstiffened blind bolt endplate connections was the local bending of end plate. The vertical stiffeners can effectively alleviate the local bending deformation of end plate. And influence of stiffeners in thin endplate and thick endplate was different. Based on the stiffness of external diaphragm welded connection, a more detailed rigidity classification was proposed which included the pin, semi-rigid, quasi-rigid and rigid connection. Beam was the main energy dissipation source for rigid connection. For the semi-rigid and quasi-rigid connection, the extended endplate, stiffeners and steel beam would all participate in the energy dissipation.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.25-39
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• 2010

We perform kinetic simulations of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) in Type Ia supernova remnants (SNRs) expanding into a uniform interstellar medium (ISM). Bohm-like diffusion due to self-excited $Alfv\acute{e}n$ waves is assumed, and simple models for $Alfv\acute{e}nic$ drift and dissipation are adopted. Phenomenological models for thermal leakage injection are considered as well. We find that the preshock gas temperature is the primary parameter that governs the cosmic ray (CR) acceleration efficiency and energy spectrum, while the CR injection rate is a secondary parameter. For SNRs in the warm ISM of $T_0\lesssim10^5K$, if the injection fraction is $\xi\gtrsim10^{-4}K$, the DSA is efficient enough to convert more than 20% of the SN explosion energy into CRs and the accelerated CR spectrum exhibits a concave curvature flattening to $E^{-1.6}$, which is characteristic of CR modified shocks. Such a flat source spectrum near the knee energy, however, may not be reconciled with the CR spectrum observed at Earth. On the other hand, SNRs in the hot ISM of$T_{0}\approx10^{6}K$ with a small injection fraction, $\xi$<$10^{-4}$, are inefficient accelerators with less than 10% of the explosion energy getting converted to CRs. Also the shock structure is almost test-particle like and the ensuing CR spectrum can be steeper than $E^{-2}$. With amplified magnetic field strength of order of $30{\mu}G$ $Alfv\acute{e}n$ waves generated by the streaming instability may drift upstream fast enough to make the modified test-particle power-law as steep as $E^{-2.3}$, which is more consistent with the observed CR spectrum.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2017

Recently, the world faces the environmental problem such as air pollution due to harmful gas discharged from car and abnormal climate due to the green-house gases increased by the discharge of $CO_2$. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), one of alternative for this problem, is less harmful, compared to the existing fossil fuel, as gaseous fuel, and less carbon in fuel ingredients and carbon dioxide generation rate relatively favorable more than the existing fuel. However, CNG fuel has the weakness of slow flame propagation speed and difficult fast burn. On the other hand, hydrogen does not include carbon in fuel ingredients, and does not discharge harmful gas such as CO and HC. Moreover, it has strength of quick burning velocity and ignition is possible with small ignition energy source and it's has wide Lean Flammability Limit. If using this hydrogen with CNG fuel, the characteristics of output and discharge gas is improved by the mixer's burning velocity improved, and, at the same time, is possible to have stable lean combustion with the reduction of $CO_2$ expected. Therefore, this research tries to identify the characteristics of engine and emission gas when mixing CNG fuel and hydrogen in each portion and burning them in spark igniting engine, and grasp the lean combustion limit and emission gas characteristics according and use it as the basic data of hydrogen-CNG premixed engine.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2007

Helicteres isora is medicinally important plant effective against asthma, diabetes, hypolipidemia, HIV, besides a good source of diosgenin. Seed dormancy and low rate of natural fruit production make this plant a perfect candidate for developing an in vitro method useful for its clonal propagation and further biotechnological developments. This is the first report on in vitro production of this plant. Nodal explants obtained from aseptically germinated seedlings were cultured on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) fortified with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ($0.57-22.83\;{\mu}M$), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) ($0.41-16.58\;{\mu}M$), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) ($0.44-17.75\;{\mu}M$) and kinetin (Kin) ($0.46-13.94\;{\mu}M$) either singly or in combinations of IAA + BA, IAA + Kin and BA + Kin. Combinations of cytokinins (BA and Kin) were most suitable for multiple shoot induction and $13.94\;{\mu}M\;Kin\;+\;13.31\;{\mu}M\;BA$ was optimum (79% frequency) associated with high number of microshoots (7.1 shoots per explant) after 20 days of culture. Maximum shoot elongation and proliferation (10 shoots per explant with 4.8 cm average height) was achieved on MS media containing $2.32\;{\mu}M\;Kin\;+\;2.22\;{\mu}M\;BA\;+\;2.85\;{\mu}M\;IAA$. High rooting frequency (70%) was achieved on MS medium (1/2 basal strength) fortified with $4.14\;{\mu}M$ IBA, while activated charcoal showed inhibitory effects on rooting. Hardening was done with 76% survival rate and these plants were growing without any visual defects and morphologically mimicking the naturally growing plants.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

The coniferous fallen leaf is one of the major forestry residues. Since the coniferous fallen leaf would not be easily decayed, the large amount of the coniferous fallen leaves in forestry could be the source of forest fire. The applicability of the fallen leaves to the pulp mold were evaluated for developing new utilization of coniferous fallen leaves. The morphological properties and the chemical composition of the fallen leaves of Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis were evaluated by the comparison with those of fresh leaves. The applicability of the coniferous fallen leaves to the pulp mold and the effects on the pulp mold properties including the scent diffusion were investigated. The fallen leaves showed the shrunk structure by losing the hot water extract component, which leaded to better grinding properties than that of fresh leaves. The pulp mold with fallen leaves showed higher strength properties than the pulp mold with fresh leaves. Although the scent of the pulp mold with fresh leaves was stronger, the pulp mold with fallen leaves had coniferous scent too. The application of fallen leaves to pulp mold for the functional properties could be possible by improving the mechanical properties and the scent lasting treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1527-1534
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• 2010

Trace minerals such as zinc, copper, and manganese are essential cofactors for hundreds of cellular enzymes and transcription factors in all animal species, and thus participate in a wide variety of biochemical processes. Immune development and response, tissue and bone development and integrity, protection against oxidative stress, and cellular growth and division are just a few examples. Deficiencies in trace minerals can lead to deficits in any of these processes, as well as reductions in growth performance. As such, most animal diets are supplemented with inorganic and/or organic forms of trace minerals. Inorganic trace minerals (ITM) such as sulfates and oxides form the bulk of trace mineral supplementation, but these forms of minerals are well known to be prone to dietary antagonisms. Feeding high-quality chelated trace minerals or other classes of organic trace minerals (OTM) can provide the animal with more bioavailable forms of the minerals. Interestingly, many, if not most, published experiments show little or no difference in the bioavailability of OTMs versus ITMs. In some cases, it appears that there truly is no difference. However, real differences in bioavailability can be masked if source comparisons are not made on the linear portion of the dose-response curve. When highly bioavailable chelated minerals are fed, they will better supply the biochemical systems of the cells of the animal, leading to a wide variety of benefits in both poultry and swine. Indeed, the use of certain chelated trace minerals has been shown to enhance mineral uptake, and improve the immune response, oxidative stress management, and tissue and bone development and strength. Furthermore, the higher bioavailability of these trace minerals allows the producer to achieve similar or improved performance, at reduced levels of trace mineral inclusion.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2007

Indoor air quality is the dominant contributor to total personal exposure because most people spend a majority of their time indoors. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the alternative method for improvement of indoor air quality in house after coating titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) photocatalyst for interior part of the house using nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) multiple measurements. To evaluate the alternative method in indoor environment, daily indoor and outdoor $NO_2$ concentrations of an apartment and a detached house were daily measured for consecutive 21 days in winter and summer, respectively, Another daily 21 measurements were carried out after $TiO_2$ coating on wall paper of interior part in houses. All $NO_2$ concentrations were measured by passive filter badges. Indoor air quality models using mass balance are useful tool to quantify the relationship between indoor air pollution levels, ambient concentrations, and explanatory variables. Using a mass balance model and linear regression analysis, penetration factor (ventilation rate divided by sum of ventilation rate and decay rate) and source strength factor (emission rate divided by sum of ventilation rate and decay rate) were calculated. Subsequently, the decay constants were estimated. In this study. magnitude of improvement of indoor air quality could be evaluated by decay constant.