• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.897-910
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine sodium intakes from soup, stew and noodle in school lunch using sodium content database separately developed for the solid part, liquid part of soup and stew (liquid based dishes) in middle school students. Two hundred fifty two middle school students in Seoul were asked about awareness towards reducing sodium intake and soup/stew intake provided in school lunch in September 2015. Only 68% of students were aware of the 'Day without soup/stew' event and why those events were held. Girls tend to consume more all solid and liquid parts of soups than boys in Miso soup (50.0% vs 36.2%), Bean sprout soup (56.6% vs 44.8%), Seaweed soup (61.8% vs 45.7%), Beef Radish soup (61.8% vs 59.5%), and Korean pasta soup with Kimchi (58.1% vs 46.6%). Average sodium intake from soup/stew/noodle dishes in school lunch was $379.6{\pm}183.9mg$ if behaviors of eating solid or liquid parts were considered and $556.8{\pm}190.6mg$ if behaviors of eating solid or liquid parts were not considered. Based on the results, the difference of sodium intake depends on the consuming behaviors of liquid parts of soup and stew dishes. It is necessary to establish and use a sodium database for each solid part and liquid part separately in soup, stew and noodle dishes to assess more accurate sodium intake. Education on the reduction of sodium intake through proper behaviors is salient in the achievement of a healthy diet.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 1994

This study was conducted to assess the acceptability of the desirable serving temperatures of soups by evaluating the sensory characteristics of Radish Clear Beef Soup, Meat Pot Stew, and Chinese Cabbage Beanpaste Soup used in the Foodservice Establishment. 1. Taste revealed a better acceptability under a high temperature than that under a low temperature in three soups. 2. The aroma of Meat Pot Stew, Chinese Cabbage Beanpaste Soup showed a significant difference for each temperature, and especially, Chinese Cabbage Beanpaste Soup showed a better sabory aroma at $80^{\circ}C{\sim}85^{\circ}C$. 3. Meat Pot Stew showed little significant differences in color and in its change among three soups. Chinese Cabbage Beanpaste Soup did not make any change of color at both $35^{\circ}C{\sim}40^{\circ}C\;and\;50^{\circ}C{\sim}55^{\circ}C$. 4. In a Meat Pot Stew case, appearance conspicuously changed at $35^{\circ}C{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, which resulted in losing appetite. Three soups showed a good response above at $65^{\circ}C$ and a very poor response at below $55^{\circ}C$. 5. Radish Clear Beef Soup, Meat Pot Stew, Chinese Cabbage Beanpaste Soup showed a tender texture at above $80^{\circ}C,\;65^{\circ}C\;and\;50^{\circ}C$. 6. Chewiness showed a good acceptability from $50^{\circ}C\;to\;80^{\circ}C$ in Radish Clear Beef Soup, Chinese Cabbage Beanpaste Soup cases, but only in the case of Meat Pot Stew showed good response at $80^{\circ}C{\sim}85^{\circ}C$. 7. In cases of Radish Clear Beef soup, Meat Pot Stew, bland and stinking aroma, and aftertaste were increased remarkably in proportion as temperature was lowered. In case of Meat Pot Stew, especially, it turned out to be almost impossible to eat at $35^{\circ}C{\sim}40^{\circ}C$. 8. In cases of Radish Clear Beef Soup, Chinese Cabbage Heanpaste Soup, overall acceptability at $65^{\circ}C$ was comparatively good but aroma and taste at below $65^{\circ}C$ was so bad that there was the eminent tendency to avoid tasting.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2015

균형 잡힌 식단의 구성을 목적으로 권장식사패턴이 마련되었다. 그러나 국, 찌개와 같이 다양한 종류의 식품들이 혼합되어 조리되는 음식의 경우에는 식품군 및 권장섭취횟수의 배분 과정에서 어려움이 발생한다. 본 연구는 이 같은 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 국 찌개 음식의 대표에너지와 대표영양가를 산출하였다. 섭취량과 기호도 조사 자료를 근거로 산출하였으며, 섭취량 자료는 국민건강 영양조사의 13~19세 청소년 자료, 기호도 자료는 전국 7개 특별시와 광역시 중학생 235명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 수집하였다. 섭취량에 의한 채소류 국과 찌개의 대표에너지는 각각 65kcal, 116kcal로 권장식사패턴의 채소류군 대표에너지 14kcal와 비교하여 커다란 차이가 확인되었다. 섭취량에 의한 고기 생선 계란 콩류 국과 찌개의 대표에너지는 각각 149kcal, 211kcal로 권장식사패턴의 고기 생선 계란 콩류군 대표에너지 94kcal와 비교하여 큰 차이가 확인되었다. 따라서 국, 찌개 같이 몇 가지 식품군의 재료들이 혼합되어 조리되는 음식의 경우 현재의 권장식사패턴을 적용하는 식단 구성 방법은 정확성이 부족하기 때문에 국과 찌개를 별도의 음식군으로 구분하는 것이 바람직하다. 기호도 분석에 의한 국과 찌개의 대표에너지는 섭취량 분석 결과와 차이가 거의 없었으며, 다만 고기 생선 계란 콩류국의 차이가 가장 컸다(섭취량: 149kcal, 기호도: 218kcal). 결론적으로 채소류국, 고기 생선 계란 콩류국, 채소류찌개, 고기 생선 계란 콩류찌개의 4개 음식군으로 분류하는 식사패턴을 고안한다면 식단의 에너지 제공량을 보다 정확하게 조절할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2009

Kimchi and soup/stew samples were collected from Korean restaurants in the Jeonju area and their salinity levels were analysed. Restaurant owners were also surveyed to assess their salt acceptability and attitudes. The average salinity of the Kimchi samples was 2.0${\pm}$0.4% and that of the soup/stew samples was 1.0${\pm}$0.3%. The average salinity of the soup samples was 0.9${\pm}$0.2% and that of the stew samples was 1.1${\pm}$0.3%, and the average salinity of the stews was significantly higher than that of the soups (p<0.001). The average salinity of bean-paste soups was 0.9${\pm}$0.2% and that of clear soups was 0.8${\pm}$0.2%, in which the average salinity of the bean-paste soups was significantly higher than that of the clear soups (p<0.05). When asked about the saltiness of their side dishes, soups/stews, and Kimchi, the largest number of owners answered 'ordinary'. About 50.4% of the owners also answered 'ordinary' for their salt acceptability, and 59.8% answered that their customers have 'ordinary' salt acceptability. However, a significantly higher ratio of owners in the group whose Kimchi samples had low salinity answered that their customers' salt acceptability was for 'flat' foods as compared to the group whose Kimchi was of high salinity (p<0.05). About 45.7% of the owners answered that 'they participated in controlling the saltiness of all their dishes', and 40.2% answered that 'they considered the traditional saltiness of their menu items as more important than the saltiness acceptability of their customers.' Also, 82.7% of the owners answered 'they made the Kimchi themselves.' The types of frequently served soup were clear soup, such as bean-sprout soup and seaweed soup, followed by bean-paste soup and thick beef soup, in order. The types of frequently served stews were Gochujang stew with frozen pollack or croaker, bean-paste stew, and clear stew.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.809-818
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to fad the specific character of menu patterns by sex, age and health risk of subjects for the basic data of a nutrition education program. The dietary intake of the subjects was investigated by the 24-hour recall method. Subjects consisted of male 94, female 394, total 488. To analyze patterns, dishes were classified into major staple foods ; kimchi, soup and side dishes and also classified into 24 categories by the cooking method. For the men, a frequently served pattern was cooked rice + soup + kimchi. For the women, the pattern was also cooked rice + soup + kimchi. For the 20-49 year olds and the 50-64 year olds, frequently served patterns were cooked rice + soup + kimchi > noodle + kimchi. For the 65-74 year olds, those patterns were cooked rice + stew > cooked rice + kimchi. For the normal group and the risk group, the frequently served pattern was cooked rice + soup + kimchi. The most used menu pattern by the number of dishes was cooked rice + soup + kimchi in the male, female, normal group and risk group. For the 20-49 year olds, the pattern was cooked rice + soup + kimchi and noodle + kimchi. For the 50-64 year olds, it was cooked rice + soup + kimchi. For the 65-74 years old, it was cooked rice + stew. The result of analyzing patterns for the most used main staple food was cooked rice in all groups. The results of analyzing patterns, with those considered basic food, cooked rice, soup and stew, showed that frequently served patterns were cooked rice + soup > cooked rice > cooked rice + stew in all groups. With these results, we can summarize that the menu patterns of people in Kangbukgu was the younger, the more non-traditional. Also, the normal group had more various patterns than those of the risk group. Thus, we need further research about menu patterns to provide adequate nutrition education.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.482-493
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• 2003

This study has been designed to stress the thoughts that soups should be offered taking into account customer's preference aimed at leading to eventual customer's satisfaction and the importance that Korean traditional food should take the lead in shifting dining-out industry's paradigm to customer-orientation instead of product-orientation. From August 15 through August 30, 2003, the drawn-up questionnaires were handed out to 500 numbers of adults aged over 20 living in Seoul, metropolitan city of Korea and the finally collected 361 questionnaires from them have been analysed as a subject for this study. It showed that the male respondents(44%) dined out much more frequently than the female respondents(35%) and their rate of 5,000-7,000 Won for a meal was most preferred as their average expenditure at one sitting in the restaurant. When eating Korean food at home or in a restaurant, the majority(5l,3%) of them think the soups(Tang) should be served coupled with their ordered meals. Among soups using flesh and meat as a staple material, they most preferred beef & bone soup(33.2%), followed by beep rib soup(30.4%) and beef soup with seasoned red pepper(l0.8%), and among soups using fish & shell and crustacean as a staple material, most preferred were hot fish soup(20.6%), loach soup(l5.2%) and hot crab soup(11.4%). Among soups using beans as a staple material, they most preferred soybean paste stew(33.2%), uncurdled soybean curd stew(29.4%) and Dambuk stew(l5.8%). Among soups using fowls and birds as a staple material, chicken soup with ginseng(51.9%), plain chicken soup(l8.4%) and chicken soup with red pepper sauce(l2.3%) falls on the most preferred. Among soups using vegetables and seaweeds as a staple material, most preferred are sea mustard soup(25.3%), Kimchi soup(16.8%), soybean paste soup with Chinese cabbage(13.0%) and bean sprout soup(10.1%). The soups(Tang) most preferred in the morning time are those soups whose staple materials are vegetables and seaweeds, such as sea mustard soup, bean sprout soup, Kimchi soup and soybean paste soup with Chinese cabbage while the soups most preferred for the lunch time are beef & bone soup, beep rib soup, chicken soup with ginseng and beef soup with seasoned red pepper while beef soup with seasoned red pepper, beef & bone soup, soybean curd stew and Kimchi soup are most preferred soups for the dinner time. The survey showed that 41 % of the subject preferred chicken soup with ginseng for a food considered good by themselves for their health. The male respondents preferred Bosin-tang(soup of edible-dog meat) than the female counterparts did, while the female respondents preferred chicken soup with ginseng than the male counterparts did. The survey showed that when eating korean traditional food, 70% of the subject are visiting a restaurant where soups are cooked delicious while 61% of the subject think that price does not matter if only food tastes good, which is reflecting that taste of food is a decisive factor in selecting menu rather than its price is. In conclusion, you can say that taste of soup is the most important factor creating steady customer in the restaurant, taking it into account Korean people most prefer their traditional food when dining out.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.392-405
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate food and meal preference of workers (435 male and 212 female) in the Chonnam Yeosu industrial area. The results of the survey were analyzed by principal components analysis. The results were obtained as follows: 19.3% of the subjects were twenties, 28.3% were thirties, 28.8% were forties and 23.7% were fifties. Females liked rice rolled in dried laver, rice cakes, janchi-noodle and breads, on the other hand males liked thick beef soup, loach soup, an eel stew and soju. The young liked instant noodles, fried chicken, sweet and sour pork, pork cutlet, pizza, hamburger, ham, sausage and fruit beverage, on the other hand the old liked a fish pot stew, loach soup, eel stew, fish boiled in soy with spices, panfried fish, sea slug, ascidian, bunder, green laver and boiled burdock-lotus root in soy. Females who are young liked hamburger and sweet and sour pork whereas males who are young liked instant noodles, pork cutlet, ham, sausage and fruit beverage. Aged females liked fish boiled in soy with spices, panfried fish, bunder, green laver, boiled burdock-lotus root in soy whereas aged males liked a fish pot stew, loach soup, eel stew, sea mussel and oysters. Boiled rice was located within the middle irrespective of age and sex, but noodles, wheat flour meal, fast foods and fruits were situated at the young female side. Aged males liked soup and pot stew. Young males liked meats and eggs whereas fish and shellfish and kimch were located at the aged people side. Aged females liked sea weeds and most people disliked vegetables but females liked some vegetables irrespective of age. Processed foods, salted foods, and alcohol were generally disliked foods by subjects but males liked those foods. Soybean curd was liked more males than females, and teas, except coffee, was liked by males. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 392${\sim}$405, 2009)

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2008

우리나라의 전통적인 식생활에서 나트륨 섭취를 줄여나갈 수 있는 대책마련에 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 전주지역 주부를 대상으로 2007년 5월부터 6월까지 섭취하고 있는 김치와 국${\cdot}$찌개를 수거하여 염도를 조사하고, 설문지를 통해 소금섭취와 관련된 식행동과 섭취실태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 연령은 40대가 57.8%로 가장 많았고, 가족 수는 4명, 5명 이상이 41.3%로 많았으며, 최종 학력은 고졸이 41.3%로 가장 많았다. 가정의 한달 평균 수입은 100-200만원이 28.4%, 200-300만원이 22.9%였고, 54.1%가 직업을 가지고 있었다. 2. 섭취하고 있는 김치의 평균 염도는 $2.0{\pm}0.5%$였다. 3. 섭취하고 있는 국${\cdot}$찌개의 국물 염도는 $1.0{\pm}0.3%$, 국물과 건더기를 믹서에 갈아서 잰 염도는 $0.8{\pm}0.3%$였다. 국의 염도는 $0.9{\pm}0.3%$, 찌개의 염도는 $1.1{\pm}0.3%$로서 찌개의 염도가 국보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.001). 된장국의 염도 $1.0{\pm}0.3%$, 맑은 국읜 염도는 $0.8{\pm}0.3%$로서 된장국의 염도가 맑은 국보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 4. 염분섭취와 관련된 식행동 점수가 높을수록 즉, 짠 음식을 선호할수록 섭취하고 있는 국${\cdot}$찌개의 염도도 높아 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 5. 식사를 하면서 소금이나 간장을 사용하는지에 대한 질문에서는 '거의 사용하지 않는다'고 응답한 경우가 많았는데, 국${\cdot}$찌개의 염도가 낮은 군에서 높은 군과 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 6. 하루에 섭취하는 김치의 횟수는 대상자의 50% 이상이 매 끼니 섭취하는 것으로 응답하였고, 한번 식사 시 섭취하는 김치의 종류는 1-2종류가 가장 많았다. 섭취하고 있는 김치의 간에 대해 김치 열도가 낮은 군에서 '보통'으로 응답한 경우가 많았고, 김치 염도가 높은 군에서는 '보통' 또는 '짜다'고 응답한 경우가 많아 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 또한 국${\cdot}$찌개의 염도가 낮은 군에서 '싱겁다'고 응답한 경우가 많아 국${\cdot}$찌개의 염도가 높은 군과 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 자주 섭취하는 김치는 배추김치, 파김치, 나물김치, 무김치, 깍두기, 열무김치 등이었다. 7. 하루에 섭취하는 국${\cdot}$찌개의 횟수는 2회 섭취하는 경우가 가장 많았다. 김치염도가 낮은 군에서 높은 군에 비해 국물을 '반 그릇 이상' 먹는 경우가 더 많았고, 또한 국물은 먹지 않고 건더기만 먹는다고 답한 응답자의 비율이 더 많아 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 섭취하고 있는 국이나 찌개의 간에 대한 질문에서는 '보통이다'로 응답한 경우가 많았다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.439-454
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• 1996

The present study investigated Bul-Chun-Wi Sacrificial Ritual (sacrificial service which has been handed down from generation to generation to worship the family ancestors in the period of $1400{\sim}1800$) and foods for the sacrificial service among fourteen head families in Andong area. The findings are as follows; 1. In Bul-Chun-Wi Sacrificial Rituals, family shrine has been maintained in good shape, and the table, dishes, and foods used in the rituals have not been changed so much until these days. 2. While vegetable soup is widely used as soup, one family uses the seaweed soup, the other soup mixed with meat, fish, and vegetable. Specially soybean-powdered soup, which is the distinguishable food in Andong area, has been used. 3. As a basic Ddock, mainly Si-Ru-Ddock(a steamed rice cake), piled up to 13-15 stacks, is used. Additional 7-9 kinds of Ddock are placed on top of the basic Ddock. 4. For grilled-meat food(Geuck), eight families use the raw meat, and one family uses the half-cooked meat. Recently, five families have used the cooked meat. Mostly used ones are meat-Geuck, fish-Geuck, chicken-Geuck, and the Geuck are not served one by one. Instead the Geuck are stacked in one dish designed for Geuck in order of meats from poultry, animal, fish, and shell. As the sub-dishes for rice, raw and cooked Geuck are used. 5. The number of stew (Tang) are 3 to 6 and 5 stews is the most popular. Commonly used stews are meat stew, fish stew, chicken stew, vegetable stew, blood stew, and organs stew. For the vegetable stew, buckwheat gel can be used. 6. As the fruit, chinese date, pear, nut and dried persimmons are the basic ones. The even number of 6 or 8 colorful fruits are used, while the odd number of 7 or 9 colorful fruits are used in three head families. 7. As Sik-Hae which is a drink and made from fermented rice, rice Sik-Hae or fish Sik-Hae has been necessarily used. 8. As raw meat dish, the liver of cow or meat is used. As a wrapping materials, the reticulum of a ruminant, green seaweed or thinly fried egg can be used.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2002

This study was investigated traditional food utilization actual conditions of Gwangju and Chollanamdo. Frequency of main meal ice plain white rice, boiled rice and cereals, bean-mixed rice, gruel Dakjuk, winter squash porridge, sesame porridge, noodles by noodles cut out with a kitchen knife, noodles with assorted mixtures, soup with dough flakes order frequency much have. Soup ate much beanpaste soup, soup cooked with dried radish leaves, seaweed soup, broth by power-pot soup, hot shredded beef soup, loach soup order. Pot stew soybean paste stew and kimchi stew, beef casserole bean curd beef casserole and small octopus beef casserole often eat. Kimchi ate much cabbage kimchi, radish kimchi, radish cube kimchi, dish of dried slices of radish by sesame leaf dish of dried slices of radish, pickled garlics, Maneuljjong dish of dried slices of radish order. Salted sea foods that eat often were salted anchovies, tiny salted shrimps, Gejang order, and soy sauce were toenjang, korean hot pepper paste, bean-paste soup prepared with around fermented soy beans order, and laver fried kelp, tangle fried kelp, green perilla leaf fried kelp order to fried kelp, and it was bean sprouts, bracken herbs, fragrant edible wild aster herbs order to herbs. It is Ssukgatmuchim, squid debt saliva, Jabanmuchim's order that season, hard-boiled food is beef boiled in soy sauce, mackerel radish hard-boiled food, order of bean curd hard-boiled food, panbroiling ate often by order of Kimchi panbroiling, red pepper anchovy panbroiling, pork panbroiling. Steamed dish is egg steamed dish, fish steamed dish, steamed short-ribs order, fried fish egg speech, by Gimchijeon, Pajeon order, meat roasted with seasoning ate often by laver meat roasted with seasoning, hair-tail meat roasted with seasoning, mackerel meat roasted with seasoning order. Minced raw meat are small octopus raw that live, beef dish of minced raw beef, Hongeohoe order, rice cake is cake made from g1u1ions rice, Seolgitteok, songpyon order, dessert ate often by fermented rice Punch, cinnamon flavored persimmon punch, Kangjung order.