• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1695-1699
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant compounds and their activities of the methanolic extracts from milling fractions of sorghum. To determine the antioxidant compounds in the methanolic extract from the milling fractions, the content of polyphenol, flavonoids, tannin, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin were measured by spectrophotometric methods. These were evaluated for antioxidative activities by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The extraction yield of hull, bran and grain of sorghum were 9.95, 19.05 and 2.94%, respectively. The methanolic extracts from sorghum bran showed generally higher antioxidant activities than the extracts from hull and grain of sorghum. In addition, antioxidant compounds distributed much higher contents in sorghum bran extract than in the extracts from hull and grain of sorghum. A significant correlation was also noted between free radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic compounds. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant activity in sorghum bran is considered to have significant health benefits.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2012

This study investigated the hypothesis that a sorghum extract exerts anti-diabetic effects through a mechanism that improves insulin sensitivity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-${\gamma}$) from adipose tissue. Seven C57BL/6 mice were fed an AIN-93M diet with fat consisting of 10% of total energy intake (LF) for 14 weeks, and 21 mice were fed a high-fat AIN diet with 60% of calories derived from fat (HF). From week 8, the HF diet-fed mice were orally administered either saline (HF group), 0.5% (0.5% SE group), or 1% sorghum extract (1% SE group) for 6 weeks (n = 7/group). Perirenal fat content was significantly lower in the 0.5% SE and 1% SE groups than that in the HF mice. Levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and the area under the curve for glucose were significantly lower in mice administered 0.5% SE and 1% SE than those in HF mice. Serum insulin level was significantly lower in mice administered 1% SE than that in HF mice or those given 0.5% SE. PPAR-${\gamma}$ expression was significantly higher, whereas the expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was significantly lower in mice given 1% SE compared to those in the HF mice. Adiponectin expression was also significantly higher in mice given 0.5% SE and 1% SE than that in the HF mice. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of SE may be related with the regulation of PPAR-${\gamma}$-mediated metabolism in this mouse model.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the ability for weed control of the shoot extract of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and developing a sustainable weed management in organic farming. When the dried shoot powder was mixed with soil and treated with 2 cm above the soil surface, the germination for Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria cilialis, Abutilon theophrasti and Amaranthus retroflexus was inhibited maxium 40%. The growth inhibition of germinated seedlings in the A. theophrasti and A. retroflexus was maxium 30% while it was less than 30% in the E. crus-galli and D. cilialis. Shoot extracts at rates above $25mg\;ml^{-1}$ was effective to inhibit germination of D. cilialis, A. theophrasti and A. retroflexus. The shoot extract concentration required for 50% of germination inhibition was $60mg\;ml^{-1}$ in the E. crus-galli, while it was less than $10mg\;ml^{-1}$ in the D. cilialis, A. theophrasti and A. retroflexus. For the foliar application, 11 adjuvants were tested at 0.5% and DOS70, TM15 and TDE7 were most effective adjuvants for the shoot extracts. DOS70 was most effective and provided up to 60% of weed control efficacy for the tested four weed species. Though herbicidal efficacy of sorghum shoot was not enough to give a proper weed control, it can be expected that long term use of sorghum shoots can provide gradual decrease in weed seeds and weed density.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2014

Sorghum has been consumed as one of the important staple food in the semiarid tropics of Africa and Asia. Sorghum is rich in starch, protein, essential vitamins and minerals and grows relatively well in dry climate regions when it compared with other staple food crops. Sorghum has taken an increased interest due to several studies that report about the beneficial effects of sorghum on human health. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative and activity of extract of milling by-products (hull and bran) of Korean sorghum cultivar, 'Hwanggeaumchal' as well as its grain. Hull extract showed the highest total polyphenol contents ($29.7{\pm}0.2mg\;GAE/100g$) and major four pigments content ($322.6{\pm}14.5mg/100g$). From results of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, hull extract ($IC_{50}$, $6.3{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/mL$) was also showed the strongest antioxidative effects. Bran and grain showed similar polyphenol, pigments contents and antioxidative effects. We determined cell viability by MTT assay and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity by measuring nitric oxide (NO) of hull, bran and grain methanol extract (0.5% HCl v/v) on RAW 264.7 cells. Hull extract treatment was significantly decreased NO production with dose-dependant manner. Apigeninidin as one of the major pigment of hull was showed inhibitory activity against NO production without cytotoxicitiy. Therefore, sorghum milling by-products can be used as a good source of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.515-524
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• 2017

This study was intended to test anti-inflammation and cytoprotective effect against UVB after Sorghum nervosum was extracted with 70% ethanol. The efficacy of Sorghum nervosum was assessed regarding cell viability analysis, reactive oxygen species measurement, anti-inflammation, a change in COX-2 protein, and cytoprotective effect against UVB. According to the results of experiment, the cell viability of 97% or higher was shown at all concentrations of Sorghum nervosum in RAW264.7 macrophage, HaCaT cell. And in anti-inflammatory NO inhibitory activity, a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect was shown. And COX-2 protein expression was also significantly (p<.001) inhibited at 25, $50{\mu}g/mL$. With regard to cytoprotective effect against UVB, in the quantitative analysis results of reactive oxygen species within the cell, it was verified that Sorghum nervosum extract had an effect on an decrease in the total amount of ROS. When the results of study are considered comprehensively, it is thought that there is possibility of Sorghum nervosum development as raw materials for cosmetics showing an anti-inflammation and cytoprotective function against UVB.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 1994

To better understand the allelopathic effect of sorghum(Sorghum vulgare L.), the inhibitory activities of water extracts of the stem, leaf and root, and of residues of the stem to major crops and weeds associated with them were evaluated. The allelopathic activity of sorghum plants was species specific, and depended on source and concentration. Germination, and shoot and root length of all test species were inhibited by the different concentrations of the stem extract. Among the crop species, radish showed the most inhibition, followed by wheat and rice. Maize was the least sensitive species. Of the weed species, Ipomoea triloba was most inhibited, followed by Echinochloa colona and Rottboellia cochinchinensis. The water extracts of leaves, stems, and roots significantly inhibited germination and seedling growth in E. colona and radish. The stem extract gave the greatest inhibitory effect on E. colona while all three extracts produced similar response in radish. In the greenhouse trial, sorghum stem residue placed on the soil surface as mulch significantly inhibited seedling growth in E. colona and radish, but not that in rice.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2008

Alzheimer's disease is charaterized by the acetylcholine depletion, amyloid b-protein aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles. The prevention of the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor has the best clinically therapeutic efficacy for Alzheimer's disease patients. To develop new antidementia alternative drugs or nutraceuticals, methanol extracts of Sorghum bicolor was screened from various extracts of cereals and legumes as a potent AChE inhibitor-containing extract in previous paper. In this paper, physicochemical properties of the methanol extracts was investigated. The methanol extracts was soluble by water, methanol and DMSO and had 215 nm and 282nm of maximum absorption spectra. It was also stable at 20-$100^{\circ}C$ and pH 2.0-10.0 for 1 hr. Test product was prepared by using methanol extracts from Sorghum bicolor and changes of its quality during storge at $20^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ were investigated. It was very stable for 8 weeks at $40^{\circ}C$.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.28
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Extraction Efficiency of colorants from sorghum and its storage stability were examined according to the various extracting and storage conditions in this study. The obtained results were as follows ; The absorbance values of extracted colorants were increased with increasing extract time and temperature. The extraction at pH 4 extract was most efficient among the various pH conditions. In the juice extractor system, the amount of extracted colorant was more in distilled water pre-treatment than pH 5, but it was more in pH 5 in the long time pre-treatment above 20 hour. The color of extract solutions changed through variation of the pH. Its color changed from light yellow to heavy yellow finally red ton by pH increasing. The Methionine addition gave an effect on the storage stability of colorant solution and then had better storage stability. And so it delayed the color change up to storge period 18th day and the stabilizing effect was revealed in order of Methionine 10mmol-addition>20mmol-addtion>non-addtion.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.497-508
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of 'Donganme' (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) against oxidative stress under in vitro conditions and in a cellular system using C6 glial cells. The radical scavenging activities were observed using the substrates 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals. The Donganme extract had an •OH radical scavenging activity of 82.66% at a concentration of 100 ㎍·mL^-1. Additionally, when DPPH was used as the substrate, the Donganme extract exhibited a strong radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 28.56 ㎍·mL^-1. Furthermore, treating C6 glial cells with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) reduced the cell viability and generated reactive of oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared to the normal levels, indicating that H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress. However, Donganme extracts increased the cell viability and inhibited ROS and LDH production against oxidative stress by H₂O₂ in the C6 glial cells. In particular, it showed effective cell protection with the cell viability, ROS production, and LDH release at 83.50, 88.06, and 14.87%, respectively, which were lower than the control or similar to the normal levels even at a low concentration of 100 ㎍·mL^-1. The present study suggests that the Donganme extract was effective in protecting against oxidative stress in C6 glial cells through its antioxidant activity. Thus, Donganme could be a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases due to oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.627-633
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• 2016

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L)] is one of the major crops for biofuels such as sugarcane and sugar beet which raw materials rich in saccharide. Sweet sorghum juice was extracted from the stem. It's composed of fermentable sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose. Ethanol from the extracted sweet sorghum juice can be easily produced by yeast fermentation process. Sweet sorghum juice is consisted of not only sugars but also various nutrients like nitrogen and phosphate. For commercial production of bioethanol, seed culture is one of the important parts of fermentation, so that optimal culture medium should be selected for the reduction of processing costs. In this study, sweet sorghum juice was estimated as a culture medium for seed culture of cellulosic bioethanol. For the comparison of cultures with various substrates, it used YPD including each 5 g/L yeast extract and peptone, sweet sorghum juice and hydrolyzed Miscanthus was taken part in the culture with 2%, 5% and 10% sugar conditions. Based on media of YPD and sweet sorghum juice, cell-mass concentration was obtained maximum more than $2.5{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ after 24 h of cultivation. Consequently sweet sorghum juice is suitable for the cell culture with more than $1.0{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ after 12 h of cultivation. This can be used as a culture medium for the cellulosic bioethanol industry.