• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 1994

Single neuronal activities were recorded in the cuneate nucleus of awake rats during rest and running behavior. Movement-induced changes in somatic sensory transmission were tested by generating post-stimulus time histograms of these neurons' responses to stimulation through eleetrodes chronically implanted under the skin of the forepaw, during control resting behavior and during two standardized speeds of locomotor movement: slow (1.0 steps/s), fast (2.0 steps/s). The magnitudes of firing during these responses were measured and normalized as percentage increases over background firing. The averaged evoked unit responses were facilitated by $+59.3{\pm}12.5%\;and\;+25.6{\pm}5.4%$ (SEM) as compared with resting behavior, during slow and fast movement respectively. This is to be compared with the movement-induced sensory suppressions observed previously in the ventrobasal thalamus $(-31.0%{\pm}1.9%)$ and in the primary somatosensory cortex $(-71.2%{\pm}3.8%)$ of slowly running rats. These results suggest that afferent somatosensory information may be uniquely modulated at each sensory relay, such that it may be facilitated at brainstem level and then subjected to suppression at higher somatosensory nuclei during movement.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.2005-2011
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• 2020

Background: Motor imagery is the mental representation of an action without overt movement or muscle activation. However, few previous studies have demonstrated motor imagery training effects as an objective assessment tool in patients with early stroke. Objective: To investigate the effect of motor imagery training on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP) and upper limb function of stroke patients. Design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: Twenty-four patients with stroke were enrolled in this study. All subjects were assigned to the experimental or control group. All participants received traditional occupational therapy for 30 minutes, 5 times a week. The experimental group performed an additional task of motor imagery training (MIT) 20 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. Both groups were assessed using the SSEP amplitude, Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity (FMA UE) and Wolf motor function test. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement in SSEP amplitude and FMA UE than did the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the MIT effectively improve the SSEP and upper limb function of stroke patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2005

We investigated the activation of the cerebral cortex during active movement, passive movement, and functional electrical stimulation (FES), which was provided on wrist extensor muscles. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study was performed on 5 healthy volunteers. Tasks were the extension of right wrist by active movement, passive movement, and FES at the rate of .5 Hz. The regions of interest were measured in primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (SI), secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), and supplementary motor area (SMA). We found that the contralateral SI and SII were significantly activated by all of three tasks. The additional activation was shown in the areas of ipsilateral S1 (n=2), and contralateral (n=1) or ipsilateral (n=2) SII, and bilateral SMA (n=3) by FES. Ipsilateral M1 (n=1), and contralateral (n=1) or ipsilateral SII (n=1), and contralateral SMA (n=1) were activated by active movement. Also, Contralateral SMA (n=3) was activated by passive movement. The number of activated pixels on SM1 by FES ($12{\pm}4$ pixels) was smaller than that by active movement ($18{\pm}4$ pixels) and nearly the same as that by passive movement ($13{\pm}4$ pixels). Findings reveal that active movement, passive movement, and FES had a direct effect on cerebral cortex. It suggests that above modalities may have the potential to facilitate brain plasticity, if applied with the refined-specific therapeutic intervention for brain-injured patients.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 감각 결손이 있는 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 경 두개 직류 전류 자극을 체성감각피질에 적용했을 때, 감각의 회복과 상지 기능의 회복을 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 만성 뇌졸중 환자 20명을 실험군 10명, 대조군 10명으로 나누어 실시하였다. 실험군은 환측 체성감각피질에 경 두개 직류 전류 자극을 적용하였으며, 대조군은 위상 자극을 실시하였다. 중재는 총 2주간, 10회, 회기 당 20분씩 진행되었다. 체성감각 평가는 The Erasmus MC modifications to the (revised) Nottingham Sensory Assessment(EmNSA), Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination(SWME), 상지기능 평가는 퍼글마이어평가(FMA), 운동 활동 척도(MAL), 가속도계를 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 실험군은 대조군보다 전체적인 촉각 감각과 고유수용성 감각, 피질 감각, 지각의 민감도에서 유의한 개선을 보였으며, 환측 상지의 사용량에서 통계학적 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 체성감각 회복과 상지기능의 회복을 위한 tDCS의 효과적인 임상 적용의 가능성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

This study was designed to test the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation management on functional recovery after attack of cerebrovascular disease. 16 cerebrovascular disease patients applied comprehensive rehabilitation management of physical therapy at department of physical Therapy, C medical center in Gwang－ju. The collection of the data had been executed for 4months(April 15, 2007${\sim}$July 15, 2007). For evaluating, Functional Independence measure(FIM) and Somatosensory Evoked Potential(SSEP) were used to assess functional recovery. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the comparison of latency of median nerve SSEP before and after treatment, the lat. N20 and P25 increased, the ampl. P25/N20 was decreased. In the comparison difference data of median nerve SSEP, however there was no significant difference in the group(p>0.05). 2. In the comparison of latency of Post Tibial nerve SSEP before and after treatment, the lat. P40, P50, P60 increased, the ampl. P40 was decreased. In the comparison difference data of post tibial nerve SSEP, however there was no significant difference in the group(p>0.05). 3. In the comparison of FIM scores of Self－care, Sphincter Control, Mobility: Transfer, Locomotion before and after treatment, the scores of FIM was significantly increased. In the comparison of difference of the motor part of FIM, however there was significant difference(p<0.05). 4. In the comparison of FIM scores of Communication, Social Cognition before and after treatment, the scores of FIM was significantly increased. In the comparison of difference of the motor part of FIM, however there was no significant difference in the group(p>0.05). Based on these results, it is concluded that the comprehensive rehabilitation management for cerebrovascular disease case was not significant difference in the SSEP, was significant difference in the motor part of FIM. Further study should be done to analyze the effect of intervention duration of treatment, optimal time to apply the treatment in more long period.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.645-651
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• 2019

본 연구는 전방머리자세와 턱관절 장애 및 정량적 턱관절의 체성감각의 상관관계를 알아보고자 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구는 대상자 선정요구를 충족한 62명의 대상자(22.15±2.56세)을 대상으로 전방머리자세에 대한 중재 후 전방머리 자세 변화에 따른 턱관절 기능 및 체성감각의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 전방머리자세에 대한 중재는 바이오피드백 훈련을 실시하였으며, 주 3회 총 4주간 총 12회 진행되었다. 전방머리자세를 평가하기 위하여 머리-척추각을 검사하였으며, 턱관절 기능은 입 벌림과 좌, 우측 치우침을 검사 하였고, 체성감각의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 진동역치감각을 측정하였다. 연구결과 머리 척추각의 변화에 따른 턱관절 기능(p<0.001) 및 체성감각(p<0.001)의 변화는 모두 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 연구 결과 전방머리자세와 턱관절 기능 및 체성감각에 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며, 본 연구를 기반으로 턱관절 장애로 고통 받고 있는 환자들에게 턱관절 치료에 새로운 패러다임을 제공 할 수 있을 것이며, 향후 턱관절의 치료에 대한 기초 자료로 제공 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

The ability to maintain an upright position during quiet standing is a useful motor skill. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) is a timed balance test that evaluates somatosensory, visual, and vestibular function for maintenance of upright posture. The Fugl-Meyer Sensorimotor Assessment (FMSA) balance subscale is the functional status assessment that indicates amount of assistance needed during various balance tasks. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is the functional status assessment tool and FIM can be used clinically as an outcome measure. The purpose of this study was to see if the SOT can be used as a evaluation tool to measure hemiplegic patients' balance ability. Thirty-six patients with hemiplegia participated in this study. SOT scores were significantly correlated with FMSA balance scores and FIM scores(p<0.05). However correlation coefficients were not so high (r=0.60, and r=0.51, respectively). Therefore, further study is needed to verify the SOT's usefulness when physical therapists are evaluating for hemiplegic patients' balance ability.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2019

Background: Neurosensory changes are frequently observed in the patients with mid-face fractures, and these symptoms are often caused by infraorbital nerve (ION) damage. Although ION damage is a relatively common phenomenon, there are no established and objective methods to evaluate it. The aim of this study was to test whether trigeminal somatosensory evoked potential (TSEP) could be used as a prognostic predictor of ION damage and TSEP testing was an objective method to evaluate ION injury. Methods: In this prospective TSEP study, 48 patients with unilateral mid-face fracture (only unilateral blow out fracture and unilateral zygomaticomaxillary fracture were included) and potential ION damages were enrolled. Both sides of the face were examined with TSEP and the non-traumatized side of the face was used as control. We calculated the latency difference between the affected and the unaffected sides. Results: Twenty-four patients recovered within 3 months, and 21 patients took more than 3 months to recover. The average latency difference between the affected side and unaffected side was 1.4 and 4.1 ms for the group that recovered within 3 months and the group that recovered after 3 months, respectively. Conclusion: Patients who suffered ION damage showed prolonged latency when examined using the TSEP test. TSEP is an effective tool for evaluation of nerve injury and predicting the recovery of patients with ION damage.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2017

Purpose: The ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) is responsible for regulation of consciousness. In this study, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we attempted to reconstruct the thalamocortical projections between the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the frontoparietal cortex in normal subjects. Methods: DTI data were acquired in 24 healthy subjects and eight kinds of thalamocortical projections were reconstructed: the seed region of interest (ROI) - the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the eight target ROIs - the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. Results: The eight thalamocortical projections were reconstructed in each hemisphere and the pathways were visualized: projections to the prefrontal cortex ascended through the anterior limb and genu of the internal capsule and anterior corona radiata. Projections to the premotor cortex passed through the genu and posterior limb of the internal capsule and middle corona radiata; in contrast, projections to the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex ascended through the posterior limb of the internal capsule. No significant difference in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and fiber volume of all reconstructed thalamocortical projections was observed between the right and left hemispheres (p>0.05). Conclusion: We reconstructed the thalamocortical projections between the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the frontoparietal cortex in normal subjects. We believe that our findings would be useful to clinicians involved in the care of patients with impaired consciousness and for researchers in studies of the ARAS.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구는 국외 뇌졸중 환자에게 적용한 한 말초감각신경자극의 효과에 대하여 고찰하기 위한 것으로 국외 학술지를 대상으로 체계적 문헌고찰 연구방법을 시행하였다. 연구방법: 2015년 10월 이전까지 국외 학술지에 게재된 논문을 Pubmed를 통하여 검색하였다. 주요 검색 용어로는 'peripheral nerve stimulation', 'electrical stimulation', 'sensory stimulation', 'somatosensory stimulation', 'stroke', 'hemiplegia', 'hemiparesis' 와 'hand', 'arm', 'upper limb'를 사용하였다. 최초 검색된 논문은 501편이었으나 선정 및 배제기준을 거쳐 10편의 연구가 선정되었다. 결과: 임상적으로 널리 사용되고 있는 말초감각신경자극은 뇌졸중 환자들에게 적용이 될 때에 보다 다양한 중재방법으로 연구에 적용이 되고 있었다. 말초감각신경자극치료는 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 기능에 효과를 나타냈으며, 대뇌피질의 활성화에도 긍정적인 영향을 나타냈다. 결론: 본 연구는 말초감각신경자극치료의 적용에 대한 근거를 제시하며, 향후 국내연구에서는 다양한 중재방법을 적용하여 말초감각신경자극의 효과를 더 정확하게 측정을 할 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다.