• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.446-450
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• 2007

Tiarella polyphylla D. Don(Saxifragaceae) is a perennial herb and distributed in China, Japan, Taiwan and Korea. Especially, it only grows in Ulleung island of Korea. It has been using for asthma, bruise and audition troubles with main components of some Triterpenoids and seven oleanolic Saponins. There is only known its chromosomal number rarely and cytogenetic study was not done. From this study, karyotype analysis and chromosomal localization of 5S and 45S rDNAs using bicolor-FISH(fluorescence in situ hybridization) were carried out. The somatic metaphase chromosome number was 2n=2x=14 and the size of chromosomes ranged $1.66{\sim}3.50{\mu}m$. The chromosome complement consisted of four pairs of submetacentrics(chromosomes 1, 2, 3 and 6), two pairs of subtelocentrics(chromosomes 5 and 7) and one pair of telocentrics(chromosome 4). We also observed NOR(nucleolus organizer region) on the chromosome 4. In bicolor-FISH, one pair of 55 and 45S rDNA sites was detected on the centromeric region of chromosome 3 and short arm of chromosome 4, respectively. Bicolor FISH was very useful tool for the localization and identification of rDNAs on the chromosomes in Tiarella polyphylla.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.446-451
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• 1997

A Giemsa C-banding method was used for the identification of somatic chromosomes and heterochromatic knob positions in Korean indigenous maize(Zea mays L.). Total of 10 inbred stocks were examined and their knob numbers ranged from 6 to 12. In comparison of homologous chromosomes of two stocks of Waesungri and PI 213749, arm ratios and relative length of chromosomes were different between genotypes. In comparison of arm ratios, all the homologous chromosomes except chromosome 2 were different each other. In comparison of relative length of chromosomes, that of chromosome 1 in Waesungri and PI213749 was 223.22 and 192.03 respectively. The relative length of homologous chromosomes in Waesungri were generally lager than those of PI213749. A C-banded diagram showing knob positions, arm ratios and relative length of chromosome could be used as a good tool to compare the characteristics of chromosomes of Korean indigenous maize stocks.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2011

Commelina benghalensis L. and Commelina diffusa Burm. f. belonging to Commelinaceae, two species previously unrecorded as Korean flora, were collected in the lowlands of Jeju Island in Korea. Commelina benghalensis of the two species is different from others of Commelinaceae in Korea by having funnelform spathes fused at the proximal margin of involucral bracts and cleistogamous flowers. In addition, Commelina diffusa differ from others by having a three-valve capsule and lanceolate and a base cordate or rounded spathelike involucral bracts. The somatic chromosome number of Commelina benghalensis was 2n = 2x = 22 and the sizes of chromosomes were very small, ranging from 1.25 to 2.70 ${\mu}m$. However, the Commelina diffusa chromosome number exceeded 2n = ca. 100, and a precise count could not be obtained. These species are known to be distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa below the latitude of Jeju Island of Korea.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 1996

Hybird and allotriploid between female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and male coho salmon (O. kisutch) were produced by artificial fertilization and heat shocks. Hatching and survival rate of allotriploid at 2 month after hatching was $77.6\%$ and $54.5\%$ respectively, and these rates clearly exceeded those of their hybrid. Cell and nuclear sizes of the erythrocyte of hybrid were intermidiate of their parents and those of allotriploid were larger than thier hybird. The somatic chromosome number of viable hybrid was 2n = 60 and that of allotriploid was $90\~93$ with chromosomal polymorphism. Allotriploid karyotpe was constituted by two sets of rainbow trout chromosome and one set of coho salmon chromosome.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2005

Karyotype analysis and chromosomal locailization of 45S and 5S rDNAs using McFISH (multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization) were carried out in Jeffersonia dubia Benth., which is one of medicinal plants belonging to Berberidaceae. The somatic metaphase chromosome number was 2n=2x=12 and the size of chromosomes ranged $1.95{\sim}3.50\;{\mu}m$. The chromosome complement consisted of two pairs of metacentrics (chromosomes 1 and 3), two pairs of submetacentrics (chromosomes 2 and 4) and two pairs of subtelocentrics (chromosomes 5 and 6). In McFISH, one pair of 45S rDNA site was detected on the centromeric region of chromosome 2 and three pairs of 5S rDNA sites were detected on the short arm of chromosomes 4, 5 and 6, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.468-473
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• 2009

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) were used for chromosome analysis of hybrids (2n=16) between onion (Allium cepa L., 2n=2X=16) and welsh onion (A. fistulosum L., 2n=2X=16). 5S rDNA, 45S rDNA, and tandemly repeated DNA (TSD) sequence were used as probes for FISH analysis. A. fistulosum specific DNA probe of telomeric repeats and A. fistulosum DNA were used for GISH analysis. In the analysis of meiotic chromosome GISH revealed that hybrids have 7 bivalants and 2 univalents chromosome and 2 univalents were derived from A. fistulosum chromosomes. In somatic chromosomes of hybrid each 8 chromosomes were derived from A. cepa and A. fistulosum, respectively. FISH signal of 45S rDNA probe in A. fistulosum was detected at secondary constriction of chromosomes, while FISH signal in A. cepa was observed in both secondary constriction and telomere of chromosomes. TDS signals in A. fistulosum chromosomes were detected at all subtelomeric of 8 chromosomes and also in 2 pericentromeric of the chromosomes, whereas TDS signals in A. cepa were observed only in subtelomeric in all chromosomes. The pattern of TDS signal in hybrid chromosomes was similar to those of A. fistulosum chromosomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.183-183
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• 1998

Telomerase synthesizes telomeric DNA repeats onto chromosome ends de novo. Telomerase activation and telomere shortening in human somatic cells have been implicated in cell tumorigenesis and immortalization. In order to find the potential inhibitors against telomerase activitiy which can be used as potential anticancer agents, we screened about 100 kinds of natural products after partition into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous layers from methanol extracts. The inhibitory effects of these materials against telomerase enzyme activity were tested in 293T cell culture using telomeric repeat amplification protocol(TRAP). The incorporation of $\^$32/P-dGTP into amplified DNA was measured by adsorption to Whatman DE81 paper instead of using TRAP assay for screening the extracts of natural products. Strong effective compounds were not found in this study but DE81 filter spotting method may be a useful model for the screening. Some of the compounds which showed somewhat inhibitory effects had cytotoxic effects also.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.21-24
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• 1962

Intergeneric crossings between the inbred line of Brassica pekinensis var. Chongbangkokun and inbred line of Raphanus sativus var. Oolsanjaelae were made using Brassica as female plant, and obtained two individuals of intergeneric hybrids. Morphological characters of the two F1 hybrids are mostly intermediate of the two parental species, and their somatic chromosome number is 19. Meiotic behaviors of the parental plants were normal, while those of F1 plants were extremely irregular. The mean pairing frequencies per cell of hybrids are 1.09II＋16.811(examined in May), and 1.76II＋15.47i(examined in June). Majority of the pollen grain of parent species are normal, whereas those of F1's are invariably abortive. No seed setting was obtained in the hybrid plants left in the open field.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.250-254
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• 2006

To elucidate cytogenetic differences, karyotype analysis and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) with 45S and 5S rDNAs were carried out in the three Astragalas species: Astragalas membranaceus Bunge, A. membranaceus var. alpinus Nakai and A. mongholicus Bunge. The somatic metaphase chromosome numbers of all three species were 2n=2x=16 and the size of chromosomes ranged $2.19{\sim} 5.73\;{\mu}m$. The chromosome complement of A. membranaceus consisted of each four pairs of metacentrics (chromosomes 3,4,6 and 7) and submetacentrics (chromosomes 1,2,4 and 8). In A. membranaceus var. alpinus, the chromosome complement consisted of two pairs of metacentrics (chromosomes 4 and 8) and six pairs of submetacentrics (chromosomes 1,2,3,5,6 and 7). A. mongholicus had three pairs of metacentrics (chromosomes 6,7 and 8) and five pairs of submetacentrics (chromosomes 1,2,3,4 and 5). Using bicolor-FISH, one pair of 45S and 5S rDNA signals could be detected on the centromeric regions of chromosomes 8 and 7 of A. membranaceus and A. mongholicus, respectively. In contrast, A, membranaceus var. alpinus had one pair of 45S signals on the centromeric region of chromosome 8 and two pairs of 5S rDNA signals on the short arms of chromosomes 7 and 8.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2009

Chromosome analysis using karyotyping and bicolor FISH were carried out for two Maackia species (M. fauriei and M. amurensis) found in Korea. The somatic metaphase chromosome number was 2n = 2x = 18 in both, and the size of these chromosomes ranged from 3.58 to $5.82{\mu}m$. The chromosome complements consisted of two pairs of metacentric (chromosomes 1 and 7), four pairs of submetacentrics (chromosomes 4, 6, 8 and 9) and three pairs of subtelocentrics (chromosomes 2, 3 and 5) in M. fauriei but, chromosomes 4 (subtelocentric) and 7 (submetacentric) of M. amurensis have different morphology. Using bicolor FISH, a pair of 45S rDNA loci were observed for both M. fauriei and M. amurensis, but the number and site of the 5S rDNA signal were different in the two species. M. fauriei has two pairs of 5S signals on chromosomes 7 and 8 but, M. amurensis has four paris on chromosomes 3, 4, 7 and 7. Hence, the 5S rDNA is a useful FISH for Maackia species.