• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.285-296
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• 1994

Follicular oocytes were released from the graafian follicles of ovaries from 3-4 weeks old mice. The spontaenous maturation of these follicular oocyes was inhibited by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone and these oocytes were cultured for 2-8hr in the Modified Hank's balanced salt solution(MHBS). Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA) and calmoudulin antagonist, trifluoperazine (TFP) were treated to the culture medium in order to investigate whether these chemical agents inhibit calcium uptake into the oocyte and oocyte maturation. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$, 10-${\mu}$Ci/ml was added to the culture medium during the culture period. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes was examined whether and when various kind of oocyte maturation inhibiting agents inhibit or stimulate the influx of calcium into oocytes. Dibutyryl cAMP and progesterone decrease $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes and synergistic inhibiting effect of dbcAMP and progesterone was prominent at much lower dosages. Calcium uptake into oocytes seems to be higher during first 2 hour culture period rather than next 4hr culture. After 8hr culture, calcium uptake level of the oocytes which GVBD already took place gradually approached to the level of those which were maintained at GV by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone. However, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the GV maintained oocytes did not change at all even after 8hr culture period. In addition, calcium chelating agent, EDTA inhibited calcium uptake into oocytes as well as nuclear maturation of oocytes. Lower dosage used in the present study did not inhibit calcium uptake as well as oocyte maturation.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.85-85
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• 2002

The interaction between berberine and tannin in aqueous solution was investigated spectrophotometerically. The dyeing mechanism of silk fabrics (control and tannin treated silk fabrics) with berberine was based on thermodynamic parameters obtained from equilibrium adsorption experiments. In adsorption spectra of aqueous solution of berberine and tannin mixture two isosbestic points (328nm, 357nm) were found and the mole fraction of reaction of components was 1:1. Initial dyeing rates were increased and the diffusion of dye was more effective by tannin treatment. Without regard to tannin treatment the adsorption isotherm of berberine was the langmuir type except high temperature, 80℃. By tannin treatment the saturation dye uptake was increased, the increase of dye uptake appeared to be a result of entropy change rather than enthalpy change. All these results can be interpreted by the hydrophobic interaction between berberine and silk treated with tannin and it is reasonable to conclude that not only the ionic force, but also the hydrophobic interaction contributes to the binding of berberine and tannin treated silk treated with tannin.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2002

The interaction between berberine and tannin in aqueous solution was investigated spectrophotometerically. The dyeing mechanism of silk fabrics (control and tannin treated silk fabrics) with berberine was based on thermodynamic parameters obtained from equilibrium adsorption experiments. In adsorption spectra of aqueous solution of berberine and tannin mixture two isosbestic points (328nm, 357nm) were found and the mole fraction of reaction of components was 1:1. Initial dyeing rates were increased and the diffusion of dye was more effective by tannin treatment. Without regard to tannin treatment the adsorption isotherm of berberine was the langmuir type except high temperature, $80^\circ{C}$. By tannin treatment the saturation dye uptake was increased, the increase of dye uptake appeared to be a result of entropy change rather than enthalpy change. All these results can be interpreted by the hydrophobic interaction between berberine and silk treated with tannin and it is reasonable to conclude that not only the ionic force, but also the hydrophobic interaction contributes to the binding of berberine and tannin treated silk treated with tannin.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.24-30
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• 1999

Cotton fabric was dyed with indigo at different pHs, dye concentrations, and repeated dyeings. And the K/S value and dye uptake of the dyed materials at those conditions were determined. The decrease of pH during the reduction process of indigo stock solution was observed. As a result the decrease of pH of the dye stock solution depended on the dye concentration and initial pH. The highest K/S value was shown at fabric dyed at pH 11 and the relationship between K/S value and dye uptake depended on initial pH of reduction bath and the slope was lower as the pH increased to 13.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.444-448
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• 1998

Biosorption of Pb and Cu was evaluated for 23 species of marine algae collected from a Korean coast. Among a variety of species for biosorbent potential, Hypnea charoides showed the highest capacity for Pb. An adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 2 hr for Pb and 30 min for Cu. The uptake capacity was 192.8 mg Pb/g biomass and 256 mg Cu/g biomass, respectively. The adsorption parameters for Pb and Cu were determined according to Langmuir model. With an increase in pH value, more negative sites are becoming avaliable for adsorption of pH and Cu, thus the removal of Pb and Cu increases at alkaline conditions. The selectivity of mixture solution shows the uptake order of Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd. When Ca concentration increases in Pb solution, Pb was selectively adsorbed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.349-354
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• 2002

In order to decolorize the reactive dye wastewater, we investigated the dye-adsorption ability of chitin, which was natural polymer obtained from shrimp shell. Chitin particle(less than 250 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$n) was prepared from shrimp shells in the processes of decalcification in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and deproteination in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The particle size of chitin was controlled to less than 250 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Three tripes of the reactive dyes-C.I. Reactive Red 120, C.I. Reactive red 241 and C.I. Reactive Black 5-were used. Dye adsorption ability of chitin was investigated by dipping the particle in the dyebaths of concentration of 0.0l%, 0.03% and 0.05% for various periods of time(1,3,5, 10,20,40,80,160minutes). The influence of addition of salt(Na$_2$SO$_4$) and alkali to the dyebaths on dye-absorption was also investigated. We obtained the following results fur the dye-absolution ability of chitin in the dyebaths of three types of reactive dyes. 1) The amount of dye uptake by chitin was increased by addition of salt to the dyebaths. 2) As the concentration of alkali became higher than 3g/I, the amount of dye uptake by chitin was increased. Chitin showed good dye-adsorption ability, when the alkali concentration was high. 3) Chitin showed equal dye uptake in the three types of dyebaths when the dye concentration was 0.0l%. Over 90% of dyestuffs was adsorbed from the dyebaths in ten minutes. When the dye concentration was higher, better adsorption ability was showed in a dye bath of Reactive black 5 than in the others. When the dye concentration was 0.03%, 90% of Reactive red 120 and Reactive red 241 was adsorbed in 40 minutes and the same of Reactive black 5 in 10 minutes. When the dye concentration was 0.05%, 9()% of Reactive red 120 was adsorbed in 80 minutes, and Reactive black 5 in to minutes.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2011

A nascent membrane was prepared by using the solution evaporation method with a solution of sPEEK, EdAn (cross-linking reagent), and PEA (grafting reagent) in DMAc. Then, after the imination and sulfonation process the cross-linked and grafted ion-exchange membrane, CG-sPEEK, was obtained. The sulfonation and imination reactions were confirmed by FTIR analysis. In order to evaluate the possibility of prepared membrane for the use of an ion-exchange membrane in PEMFC, proton conductivity, water uptake and volume change were measured and compared with a commercial membrane, Nafion 115. It was revealed that since the proton conductivity (0.17 S/cm) of prepared membrane were much higher than those of Nafion 115 (0.10 S/cm) the prepared membrane could be used for the ion-exchange membrane in PEMFC. However, the high water uptake (130%) of CG-sPEEK should be reduced for the dimension stability.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Carboxylated polysulfone (CPS), poly (1,4-phenylene ether ethersulfone) (PPEES), membranes were prepared and used for the separation of NaCl and $CaCl_2$, in efficient way with less energy consumption. In this work, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes were employed to the salt rejection behavior of the different salt solutions. The influence of applied pressure (1-12 bar), on the membrane performance was assessed. In CM series of membranes, $CM_1$ showed maximum of 97% water uptake and 36% water swelling, whereas, $CM_4$ showed 75% water uptake and 28% water swelling. In RCM series, $RCM_1$ showed 85% water uptake and 32% water swelling whereas, in $RCM_4$ it was 68% for water uptake and 20% for water swelling. Conclusively reverse osmosis membranes gave better rejection whereas nanofiltration membrane showed enhanced flux. CM1 showed 58% of rejection with 12 L/($m^2$ h) flux and $RCM_1$ showed 55% of rejection with 15 L/($m^2$ h) flux for 0.1 wt.% NaCl solution. Whereas, in 0.1 wt.% $CaCl_2$ solution, membrane $CM_1$ showed 78% of rejection with 12 L/($m^2$ h) flux and $RCM_1$ showed 63% rejection with flux of 9 L/($m^2$ h).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1998

The biosorption of heavy metals has received a lot of attraction for application of metal ions treatment. In this work, we studied with Arthrobactor sp., screening from a wastewater containing heavy metals. The Pb uptake capacity of Arthrobactor sp. was nearly 146.9 mg Pb/g dry biomass(initial concentration, 500 may L), whereas the Pb uptake capacity of Sacchuomyces cerevisiae and Sacchuomyces uvuum were only around 39.40 and 35.65 mg Pb yg dry biomass, respectively. The Pb and Cr were removed from metal solution much more effeciently than were the other metals(Cd and Cu). The Pb uptake capacity of Aythrobactor sp. increased with increasing in pH(1.8, 3.0 and 4.0) and decreased with Increaslng of biomass concentration. At pH 4.0, the Pb uptake capacity reached 244 mg Pb/g dry biomass in Pb initial concentration of 1000 mg/L. The Pb uptake capacity of Ayhol)actor sp. treated by KOH and $CaCl_2$ were increased above values obtained with untreated Ayurobactor sp. However, the Pb uptake capacity fore the breakthrough points were reached.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

This study was carried out to acquire basic data for a long-term hydroponic culture through investigating water and inorganic ion uptake characteristics at different EC level of nutrient solution of three tomato varieties. Three different tomato varieties, the European type(cv. Daphnis), the Asian type(cv. Super Doterang) and cherry type(cv. Minichal), were used for the investigation. Also, the deep flow technique(DFT) was applied. The three different electrical conductivity(EC) level(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 dS·m-1) of hydroponic nutrient solution were used as variable. At a high EC level of nutrient solution, the leaf area and fresh weight decreased in the early stage, and its growth(plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh-weight) was poor with salt stress. Result showed that the higher the EC level of the nutrient solution, the lesser was water uptake. The water uptake was not significantly different from varieties in the first survey, but In the second survey, the 'Daphnis' did not show a significant decrease in water uptake in the EC level higher than 2.0 dS·m-1., on the other hand, 'Super Doterang' presented very low water uptake. At a low EC level, N, P, and K, were absorbed more than the concentration of the irrigation water, while Ca, Mg, S uptake were low. At a high EC level, almost ions absorbed less than 50% of the initial concentration of irrigation water. Thus, imbalance among ions was severe at low EC level compared to high EC level. 'Daphnis' was a variety that effectively utilize nutrients under nutrient stress, showing high absorption at low concentration condition and low absorption at high concentration condition. However, 'Daphnis' suffered most seriously by absorbing nutrients excessively.