• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.103-106
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• 2002

Solubilization isotherms for methyl tort-butyl ether (MTBE) in sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), dowfax 8390, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were investigated for application to micellar enhanced remediation. Dowfax 8390 showed maximum extent of solubilization among surfactants tested in this study. It seems that sulfate group in anionic surfactants playes a important role in solublization of MTBE. Chemical shiftes in NMR of surfactant and MTBE supports this point.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.spc
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• pp.45-61
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• 2010

Polymeric based nanomedicines have been developed for diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases in human body. The nanosized drug delivery systems having various structures such as micelles, nanogels, drug-conjugates, and polyplex were investigated for a great goal in pharmaceutics: increasing therapeutic efficacy for diseases and decreasing drug toxicity for normal tissues. The functional polymers used for constituting these drug delivery systems should have several favorable properties such as stimuli-responsibility and biodegrdability for controlled drug release, and solublization capacity for programmed drug encapsulation. This review discusses recent developments and trends of functional polymers (e.g., pH-sensitive polymers, biodegradable polymers, and cationic polymers) used for nanosized drug carriers.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.311-315
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• 1995

Assay conditions for screening of $\beta$-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor were evaluated. Cells in the beginning of mid-log phase showed the highest activity of the $\beta$-1,3-glucan synthase. Cells permeabilized with 1% digitonin treatment could be used as a good crude enzyme source for convenient screening of the $\beta$-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitors. Calcofluor white (0.125% in final) and papulacandin B (25 $\mu$g/ml) inhibit 90% and more than 50% of the $\beta$-1,3-glucan synthase activity, respectively. Cells grown at 37$\circ$C showed higher enzyme activity than those of 25$\circ$C. Catalytic factor of the $\beta$-1,3-glucan synthase was solubilized from particulated membrane preparations, holoenzyme, by extracting with 0.00938% CHAPS.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.404-407
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• 2008

A 345-bp gene that encodes human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) has been synthesized. The codon usage of the resulting gene was modified to include those triplets that are utilized in highly expressed Escherichia coli genes. The hBMP-2 gene was efficiently expressed in E. coli as a soluble and active protein. Since the recombinant hBMP-2 was readily solublized, no further solublization steps were required throughout purification. No additional tagging residues were introduced into the synthetic hBMP-2 gene product. The developed synthetic gene is a promising approach for scaling-up the soluble expression of hBMP-2.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2014

The effect of thermal pretreatment conditions on hydrolysis characteristics of dairy manure and sawdust mixtures has been evaluated. Thermal pretreatment temperature varied between 35 and $120^{\circ}C$ and the period of the treatment changed between 30 and 1440min (24h). As thermal pretreatment temperature and duration increased, organic material solublization rates were improved. Maximum solubilizations of chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrates, and volatile fatty acids(VFAs) were observed when dairy manure treated for one day at $120^{\circ}C$. Although one day treatment duration at $120^{\circ}C$ showed the highest SCOD, soluble carbohydrates, and VFAs concentration, its hydrolysis rate was only about 12%. The results reveal that the thermal pretreatment conditions tried in this study are not enough to solubilize the organic matter contained in dairy manure and sawdust mixtures. In order to maximize hydrolysis performance, the further research needs to determine the factors influences on organic material solubilization in addition to thermal pretreatment temperature and duration.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.586-589
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• 2001

In this study, phosphate was produced through the solublization of hydroxyapatite and rock phosphate by Pantoea agglomerans, and it was examined the possibility of solublizing insoluble phosphate salt by immobilized P. agglomerans on Ca-alginate bead as support. 520mg/L of phosphate was solublized when P. agglomerans was cultured in HY meclium at $30^{\circ}C$, pH7, 100rpm, during 48hours culture. And solublized phosphate amount was 86.09mg/L when hydroxyapatite in the HY medium was exchanged to rock phosphate. In case of being used immobilized P. agglomerans. 740mg/L of phosphate was solublized in the HY medium, during 120hrs in the same condition. And 182mg/L of phosphate was solublized when rock phosphate was added instead of hydroxyapatite.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.625-636
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• 2011

Cold-adapted bacteria survive in extremely cold temperature conditions and exhibit various mechanisms of adaptation to sustain their regular metabolic functions. These adaptations include several physiological and metabolic changes that assist growth in a myriad of ways. Successfully sensing of the drop in temperature in these bacteria is followed by responses which include changes in the outer cell membrane to changes in the central nucleoid of the cell. Their survival is facilitated through many ways such as synthesis of cryoprotectants, cold acclimation proteins, cold shock proteins, RNA degradosomes, Antifreeze proteins and ice nucleators. Agricultural productivity in cereals and legumes under low temperature is influenced by several cold adopted bacteria including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, Exiguobacterium, Pantoea, Rahnella, Rhodococcus and Serratia. They use plant growth promotion mechanisms including production of IAA, HCN, and ACC deaminase, phosphate solublization and biocontrol against plant pathogens such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia and Pythium.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 1998

Protein -surfactant interactions have been investigate by measuring ζ-potential of $\beta$-lactoglobulin-coated emulsion droplets and $\beta$-lactoglobulin in solution in the rpesenceof surfactant, with particular emphasis on the effect of protein heat treatment(7$0^{\circ}C$, 30min). When ionic surfactant (SDS or DATEM) is added to the protein solution, the ζ-potential of the mixture is found to increase with increasing surfactant concentration, indicating surfactant binding to the protein molecules. For heat-denatured protein,it has been observed that the ζ-potential tends to be lower than that of the native protein. The effect of surfactant on emulsions is rather complicated .With SDS, small amounts of surfactant addition induce a sharp increase in zeta potential arising from the specific interaction of surfactant with protein. With further surfacant addition, there is a gradual reductio in the ζ-potential, presumably caused by the displacement of adsorped protein (and protein-surfactant complex) from the emulsion droplet surfac by the excess of SDS molecules. At even higher surfactant concentrations, the measured zeta potential appears to increase slightly, possibly due to the formation of a surfactant measured zeta potential appears to increase slightly, possibly due to the formation of surfactant micellar structure at the oil droplet surface. This behaviour contrastswith the results of the corresponding systems containing the anionic emulsifier DATEM, in which the ζ-potential of the system is found to increase continuously with R, particularly at very low surfactant concentration. Overall, such behaviour is consisten with a combination of complexation and competitive displacement between surfactant and protein occurring at the oil-water interface. In addition, it has also been found that above the CMC, there is a time-dependent increase in the negative ζ-potential of emulsion droplets in solutions of SDS, possibly due to the solublization of oil droplets into surfactant micelles in the aqueous bulk phase.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.16-23
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• 2018

Alternative technologies for sludge treatment and disposal need to be developed urgently because the amount of produced production has increased continuously. In this study, Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) technique was applied for sludge solubilization and the performance was evaluated. The PEF equipped with electrodes coated by epoxy resin and teflon was inducted to the activated sludge suspension, and the effect of the coating materials on the solubilization was determined. In addition, the effect of the applied voltage on the solubilization yield was investigated as the applied voltage was increased from 6 to 12 and 15 kV. Sludge solubilization was not observed when the epoxy-coated electrode was used for PEF induction regardless of the applied voltage. However, sludge solubilization occurred when 12 and 15 kV were applied to the teflon-coated electrodes. The MLSS decreased to 9%, and the soluble-COD increased to 496% when the applied voltage was 15 kV. But sludge solubilization did not happen under 6 kV condition. The corona discharge was observed at applied voltages of 12 and 15 kV, (Ed- sorry but I cannot understand the following highlight) but if 6 kV, strongly indicating that the corona discharge make the sludge solubilized, which suggests that the critical voltage for sludge solubilization lies between 6 and 12 kV. Consequently, proper selection of electrode-coating materials and the applied voltage of PEF could lead to sludge solubilization by corona discharge.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.369-378
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• 2017

Vascular endotherial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mitogen that stimulates vascular permeability and angiogenesis and has a potential in therapeutic applications. An industrial production method that provides high yield as well as purity is needed. Researches for various factors of mild solubilization with combination of ubiquitin fusion protein to increase solubility were carried out as well as by changing pH and denaturant concentration. Usage of pET28-a bacteral expression vector in BL21 (DE3) host cell was capable of producing approximately 14 g/L VEGF fusion protein in 20L fermentor. A purification process consisting of four chromatography steps including refolding and digestion with UBP1 resulted in mild solublization under the conditions of 2M urea and pH 10.0 due to ubiquitin fusion tag protein that increases in solubility of target protein VEGF. High yield of refolding and dimerization could be obtained between two step Ni-affinity chromatography. Multimeric and misfolded proteins and endotoxin were removed by DEAE anion exchange chromatography. Final monomers were removed from dimers by gel filtration chromatography. Characterization analysis of purified dimeric VEGF was performed using SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC with a purity of 97%.