• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

Waxy maize starches are inherently stable in soluble status and can be chemically modified to improve stability along with heat, acid and shear resistance. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of theological and sensory characteristics of the yellow layer cake made by adding different levels of waxy maize starch as a fat substitute for shortening. By increasing the substitution level of waxy maize starch for shortening, the specific gravity of cake batter increased and the viscosity decreased. The microstructures of cake crumb observed by the scanning electron microscope were not different significantly, and the size of air cells and fat particles also were not substantially decreased by increasing fat substitution level. The texture profile analysis using texture analyzer decreased by increasing the different substituting levels of waxy maize starch. Among various sensory properties, the color value of layer cake increased by increasing the level of waxy maize starch. However, the appearance, flavor, taste, texture and overall preference decreased.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

An antioxidant peptide derived from Pinctada fucata meat using an Alcalase2.4L enzymatic hydrolysis method (named AOP) and identified by LC-TOF-MS has promising clinical potential for generating cosmetic products that protect skin from sunshine. To date, there have been few published studies investigating the structure-activity relationship in these peptides. To prepare antioxidant peptides better and improve their stability, the design and expression of an antioxidant peptide from Pinctada fucata (named DSAOP) was studied. The peptide contains a common precursor of an expression vector containing an ${\alpha}$-helix tandemly linked according to the BamHI restriction sites. The DNA fragments encoding DSAOP were synthesized and subcloned into the expression vector pET-30a (+), and the peptide was expressed mostly as soluble protein in recombinant Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, the DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of DSAOP $IC_{50}$ values were $0.136{\pm}0.006$, $0.625{\pm}0.025$, and $0.306{\pm}0.015mg/ml$, respectively, with 2-fold higher DPPH radical scavenging activity compared with chemosynthesized AOP (p < 0.05), as well as higher superoxide radical scavenging activity compared with natural AOP (p < 0.05). This preparation method was at the international advanced level. Furthermore, pilot-scale production results showed that DSAOP was expressed successfully in fermenter cultures, which indicated that the design strategy and expression methods would be useful for obtaining substantial amounts of stable peptides at low costs. These results showed that DSAOP produced with recombinant Escherichia coli could be useful in cosmetic skin care products, health foods, and pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2007

The sugar content of persimmon fruits was decreased when food-waste compost was used. Dungsi was brighter with yellow color than that of control. The Gabjubaekmok was darker than that of control with red color. It was suggested that taste of astringent was reduced because total phenol and soluble tannin contents were reduced by that compost. The vitamin C content of persimmon fruits during storage was higher than that of control. Stability of persimmon fruits by that compost and usual compost was about the same at room temperature. At low temperature, hardness of persimmon fruits was maintained for 20days. Hardness and reducing sugar contents of persimmon fruits were increased by food-waste compost. The result was shown that there was no effect on composition of persimmon fruits by food-waste compost and maintaining hardness at room temperature, but at low temperature, the composition of persimmon fruits was changed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 1991

Water soluble poly(sulfonated styrene-co-acrylic acid) was polymerized with sulfonated styrene and acrylic acid in the presence of silver sulfate at $99^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs. The complex formation of poly(sulfonated styrene-co-acrylic acid) with Cu(II) was carried out. The maximum absorption wavelength of the poly(sulfonated styrene-co-acrylic)-Cu(II) system at different pH values was observed at 274 nm and 295 nm. The reduced viscosity of the poly(sulfonated styrene-co-acrylic acid)-Cu(II) complex were measured in the various pH ranges. The formation constants and stability constants of poly(sulfonated styrene-co-acrylic acid)-Cu(II) complex were calculated from Bjerrum method. The changes of enthalpy, free energy and entropy in the above reaction were determined by Ringbom method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.737-741
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• 1988

The storage stabilities of philipines' bananas were investigated according to the storage pretreatments and packaging methods during 60 days storage at $13^{\circ}C$. The better storage stability was got in bananas packaged with 60{\mu}m low density polyethylene (PE) film inside the carton box than those without inside pack. Radiation gave the adverse effects on bananas' storage stabilities. Shelf-life of bananas in PE package was 60 days, but that of radiated bananas was only 20 days. And shelf-life of bananas in no inner pack was 20 days. Soluble solid content of bananas packaged with PE film was 17 Brix degree after 60 days storage, but that with no inner package was around 20 Brix after 20 days. Color was below 3 in color chart after 60 days storage and hardness was rapidly decreased from 40 days in bananas packaged with PE film, but color was became to 3 color after 30 days and hardness was rapidly decreased after 20 days in bananas without inner package. Percentage of deteriorated bananas were below 3% in PE films after 60 days storage, but 100% after 40 days in bananas without inner package.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2008

A new route to phthalocyanine complexes were developed to synthesize these products by fusion in the absence of solvent. This new method of synthesis without using solvent has advantages over the conventional synthetic methods since there are no risk of explosion and formation of harmful vapor from organic solvent. Reaction of PcFe with axial ligands such as $PcFe(4-VP)_2$[Pc: Phthalocyanine, 4-VP: 4-Vinylpyridine] and $PcFe(VIM)_2$[VIM: 1-Vinylimidazole] afforded powderlike, pure dark greenish blue colored products. The resulted products are soluble in $CH_2Cl_2$ and found to be complexes of the type $PcFeL_2$. Spectral properties were studied with ATR-FTIR and UV/Vis. Thermal and electrical characterization was also performed. Phthalocyanine complexes exhibit useful properties such as UV/Vis blocking, antistatic characteristics and excellent thermal stability and we anticipate various applicability in numerous products.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2004

It is now widely accepted that immobilized microbial cells can overcome some of the problems associated with microbial survival stability, efficacy, storage, transportation and ease of application in agricultural environments. Pantoea agglomerans, a phosphate solubilizing bacterium, was immobilized in alginate, agar and gelatin carriers. All the three immobilfized carriers with bacterial cells of P. agglomerans were compared for solubilization of tricalcium phosphate in pure liquid cultures. While alginate beads were tested for phosphate solubilization on alternate days up to five days, agar beads and gelatin cubes were subjected for one time phosphate solubilization analysis after seven days. Both alginate and agar immobilized cells of P. agglomerans exhibited higher efficiency in increasing the solubilizaliun of tricalcium phosphate than gelatin immobilized cells. The culture filtrate of alginate bead inoculation treatment registered a rapid increase in soluble phosphate concentration upon incubation. A corresponding decrease in the pH of the medium was also observed in all the treatments.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.2 s.81
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• pp.10-18
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• 2005

Silk fabrics mordanted with $Fe^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;and\;Cu^{2+}$ were dyed with the aqueous extract of Cassia tora L. seed which was known to include water soluble colorant kaempferol, one of flavonol compounds. Kaempferol can react with free radicals and chelate transition metal ions, which is thought to catalyze processes leading to the appearance of free radicals and have antioxidant activity. In relation to the coordinating and chelating mechanism of the ions with the silk protein and kaempferol, reasonable conclusions should be made on the colorant uptake and the water fastness of the fabric. The amount of the colorant on the fabric was in the order of $Fe^{2+}>Ni^{2+}>Cu^{2+}$. In case of dyeing through coordinaiton bonds between transition metal ions and silk protein and colorants, it was thought that the ions with the smaller secondary hydration shell, the higher preference to the atoms of the ligand coordinated, and the suitable bonding stability for the substitution of primarily hydrated water molecules for colorants led to the higher colorant uptake. The water fastnsess of the fabric was in the order of $Fe^{2+}>Cu^{2+}>Ni^{2+}$. It should be reasonable to choose transition metal ions with weak and strong tendency to the ionic and the coordination bond, respectively, to the carboxylate anion of the silk protein. Although further research needs to be done, the conclusions above may be generally applied to the natural dyeing through the coordination bond mechanism between transition metal ions and colorants and substrates.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-209
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• 2018

The spectral composition of light can affect the growth and biochemical composition of photosynthetic microalgae. This study examined the use of light filtering through a solution of soluble colored additives, a cost-effective method to alter the light spectrum, on the growth and lipid production of an oleaginous microalga, Nannochloropsis gaditana (N. gaditana). Cells were photoautotrophically cultivated under a white light emitting diode (LED) alone (control) or under a white LED that passed through a solution of red and yellow color additive (4:1 ratio) that blocked light below 600 nm. The specific growth rate was significantly greater under filtered light than white light ($0.2672d^{-1}$ vs. $0.1930d^{-1}$). Growth under filtered light also increased the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield by 22.4% and FAME productivity by 80.0%, relative to the white light control. In addition, the content of saturated fatty acids was greater under filtered light, so the biodiesel products had better stability. These results show that passing white light through an inexpensive color filter can simultaneously enhance cellular growth and lipid productivity of N. gaditana. This approach of optimizing the light spectrum may be applicable to other species of microalgae.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 1997

Precipitation was formed during the preparation of decoction from a mixture of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma. Baicalin and berberine were identified in this coprecipitated product (CPP) and these components were the active ingredients of two herbal medicine. We extracted respectively crude baicalin and berberine in Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma and prepared coprecipitate of crude baicalin-berberine. To increase the stability and bioavailability of coprecipitate of crude baicalin-berberine(CBB), which is slightly soluble drug, its inclusion complex was prepared and studied in this experiment. Inclusion complex of CBB with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin(CBB-{\beta}-CD)$ was prepared by freeze drying method and its characteristics were ascertained by means of solubility test, differential thermal analysis(DTA) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The type of $CBB-{\beta}-CD$ is classified as $A_L-type$ on phase solubility diagram, and the stoichiometric ratio of CBB(baicalin in CBB) : ${\beta}-CD$ complex is 1:1 and formation constant is 151 $M^-1$. The solubility, dissolution, in situ absorption and serum concentration of $CBB-{\beta}-CD$ were significantly increased when compared to CBB. Therefore enhanced bioavailability of CBB by inclusion complexation with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ might be useful for dosage form design of active ingredients of two herbal medicine.