• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1998

In this study, rat hepatocytes known to have active glucose metabolism were obtained to investigate the hypoglycemic action of fat soluble fraction of red ginseng by using the liver perfusion technique and incubated in two different media-one containing insulin and glucagon (control group), and the other containing glucagon only The activities of main regulating enzymes, such as glucokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenate, and glucose 6-phosphatase, related to metabolic pathways of glucose in these two kinds of hepatocytes were compared between these two groups and the effects of addition of fat soluble fraction ($10^1$~$10^4$%) from red ginseng to these two groups on these enzymes were also detected. The results were as follows. The specific activity of enzymes such as glucokinase, flucorse 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase related to glucose-consuming pathways of insulin-deficient group was much less than control one. However, their decreased activity was recovered after the addition of fat-soluble fraction at all range of concentrations. The specific activity of these enzymes after the addition of ginseng components to the control group was also increased. On the other hand, the specific activity of glucose 6-phosphatase related to glucose-producing pathway of insulin-deficient group was much higher than control one, but their increased activity was decreased obviously after the addition of fat soluble fraction at all range of concentrations. The same results were observed after the addition of fat-soluble fraction to the control group. These results suggest that the red ginseng saponin components might be effective on diabetic hyperglycemia by regulating the activity of enzymes related to glucose metabolism directly and/or indirectly. The effects of fat-soluble fraction ($10^2$%) and ginsenosides (mixture, $Rb_1$ and $Rg_1$, $10^4$%) on hypoglycemic action were compared. As a result, they showed considerable effect on hyperglycemia, but the best eff ect on the activities of glucokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was appeared by ginsenoside $Rb_1$ and that of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphatase was by ginsenoside mixture.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1968

Chlorella ellipsoidea cells were cultured in an iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum or boron-free medium. Biosynthetic activities of nucleic acids, protein and phospholipid in chlorella cells, which were growing in a microelement deficient medium were compared with those of the normal cells by measuring the contents of phosphate, amino acids or UV-absorbing substances in the various cell fractions. When the algae were grown in a molybdenum-free medium, the amounts of phosphate in the acid-soluble fraction of the cells increased, whereas the amounts of alkali-stable protein and RNA decreased compared with the normal cells showing that the synthesis of protein and RNA from the early products of photosynthesis was inhibited. When the algae were grown in a boron-free medium, amounts of alkali-labile protein and phospholipid of the cells decreased, while the amount of phosphate in acid-soluble fraction increased compared with the normal cells showing that the biosynthesis of protein and phospholipid from the early products of photosynthesis was retarded. In general, amounts of protein and RNA in the microelement deficient cells significantly decreased compared with those of the normal cells. Phosphate content in the acid-soluble fraction of the algal cell grown in an zinc, copper, molybdenum, or boron-free medium increased considerably, whereas that of the algal cell grown in an iron or manganese-free medium decreased remarkably compared with that of the control. It is considered, therefore, that molybdenum, zinc, copper and boron etc. play an important role in the biosyntbesis of macromolecule from acid-soluble phosphate compounds, in contrast to the principal action of iron and manganese on the photosynthetic process itself.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.162-165
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• 1982

담수환원(湛水還元)된 토양중(土壤中) 인산(燐酸)의 유효도증가 원인(原因)을 밝히기 위하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 8주간(週間) 담수(湛水) 항온시킨 토양현탁액의 pH, pe, $Fe^{+{+}}$ 및 수용성인산간(水溶性燐酸間)의 관계를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 토양(土壤)의 환원정도(還元程度)는 vivianite가 형성(形成)될 수 있는 안정범위에 들었다. 2. 수용성(水溶性) $Fe^{+{+}}$의 농도(濃度)는 vivianite가 용해(溶解) 되었을 때 나올 수 있는 값보다 높았다. 3. pH-$Fe^{+{+}}$간(間)의 관계(關係)로 볼 때 수용성(水溶性) $Fe^{+{+}}$의 농도변화는 $FeCO_3$계(系)에서와 같은 양상으로 나타났다. 4. 수용성(水溶性)P의 농도(濃度)와 pH간(間)에는 일정(一定)한 관계가 없는 것으로 보아 이계(系)에서 수용성(水溶性)P의 농도(濃度)는 vivianite의 침전(沈澱)과 용해(溶解)에 의(依)하여 결정(決定)되는 것 같지는 않다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.201-204
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• 2004

Immobilization is seen as a promising technology for lead remediation. In a laboratory experiment, immobilization of lead with soluble P was tested as a function of reaction time and P concentration. The P treated with an acidic solution to enhance heavy metal immobilization was worked into the soil, and within 7 days, lead was stabilized. Different molar ratios of soluble phosphates (super-phosphate and KH$_2$PO$_4$) would be considerably effective to accelerate the formation of highly insoluble minerals due to the lack of leachable Pb in the contaminated soil. Although it was demonstrated that the addition of soluble phosphates with an acidic solution significantly reduced available lead in soil up to over 95%, remaining phosphorus in soil matrix might cause a possible groundwater eutrophication in the near future.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.149-154
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• 2007

The zinc prosphate film treatments used to lubricating treatment of mostly cold forging processes. But there are several problems happened to lubricating treatment process such as happening harmful environment on person, complex lubrication processing occurring in energy and time consumption, eco-destructive and chemical by-product generation, the needs of waste disposal etc. As a result, a water-soluble lubricant was developed to replace the perfect or some of the zinc prosphate film in the world. In order to solve these problems, this study evaluated the performance of the typical water-soluble. In this study, for these requirement inquiry of two part. First, about possibility of replace zinc phosphate lubricant, quantitatively evaluation developed of water-soluble lubricant for cold forging vs zinc phosphate lubricant. Second, About optimization of coating Process use to equipment with practicable automatic coating Process. The performance evaluation of these lubricants was conducted using the double cup extrusion test and spike forging test. With the use of the commercial FE code DEFORM, friction factor calibration curves, i.e. cup height ratio vs. punch stroke and spike height vs. punch stroke, were established for different friction factor values. By matching the cup height ratio and the punch stroke and spike height vs. punch stroke from experiment to that obtained from FE simulations, the friction factor of the lubricants was determined. Survey of comparative analysis use to SEM that sprayed lubricant surface structure of grain shape and characteristic of lubricant performance based on grain shape and deformed lubricant surface expansion. As a result, developed lubricant were found to perform comparable to or better than zinc phosphate. And thought this result, innovatively cope with generated problem of existing lubrication process.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1996

국내산(國內産)과 수입(輸入) 중국산(中國産) 입상(粒狀) 용성인비(熔成燐肥)의 물리화학적 특성을 비교하기 위해 pH의 경시적 변화, 입도분포(粒度分布), 수중 및 토양중 붕괴도(崩壞度), 토양중 경도(硬度), 제품의 화학성분(化學成分) 함량(含量) 분석(分析), 수중 및 토양중 구용성(枸溶性) 인산(燐酸) 용출율(溶出率) 등(等)을 검토한 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. pH의 경시적(傾時的) 변화(變化)는 중문통(中文統)(농암갈색(濃暗褐色) 토양(土壤))이 평대통(坪垈統)(흑색(黑色) 토양(土壤))보다, 수입(輸入) 중국산(中國産) 제품(製品)이 풍농비료 제품 보다, 중문통(中文統)에 용성인비(熔成燐肥)를 다량(多量) 시용(施用)한 것이 소량 시용한 것 보다 pH의 변화(變化)가 컸었다. 2. 국내산(國內産) 용성인비(熔成燐肥)는 수입 중국산 용성인비에 비하여 pH, 석회(石灰), 알카리분 및 가용성(可溶性) 규산함량(珪酸含量)이 낮았으나 인산(燐酸) 전량(全量), 구용성(枸溶性) 인산(燐酸), 고토(苦土)(가용성(可溶性) 구용성(枸溶性)) 및 구용성(枸溶性) 망간은 약간 높거나 서로 비슷하였다. 3. 입도(粒度)의 크기는 수입(輸入) 중국산(中國産) 제품(製品)이 가장 크고 그 다음이 경기화학(京畿化學) 제품(製品)이며 풍농비료(豊農肥料)의 제품(製品)은 비교적 입자가 작았다. 4. 수중(水中) 및 토양중(土壤中) 붕괴도(崩壞度)는 초기(初期)에는 풍농비료 제품과 경기화학 제품이 낮았으나 후기(後期)에는 경기화학 제품>수입 중국산 제품>풍농비료 제품의 순으로 붕괴도가 낮았다. 5. 토양중(土壤中) 경도(硬度)는 경기화학(京畿化學) 제품(製品)이 가장 단단하였고 그 다음이 풍농비료(豊農肥料) 제품(製品)이며 수입(輸入) 중국산(中國産) 제품(製品)은 경도계로 측정할 수 없을 정도로 약하였다. 6. 구용성(枸溶性) 인산(燐酸) 용출율(溶出率)은 초기에는 경기화학(京畿化學) 제품(製品)이 가장 높았고 풍농비료(豊農肥料) 제품(製品)은 가장 낮았으며, 용출 50일에는 3제품(製品) 모두 90% 이상 용출되었고 용출 70일 이후는 제품간(製品間) 차이가 거의 없었다. 7. 토양중(土壤中) 구용성(枸溶性) 인산(燐酸) 용출율(溶出率)은 풍농비료(豊農肥料) 제품(製品)이 가장 높았고 수입(輸入) 중국산(中國産) 제품(製品)이 가장 낮았으며 용출일 100일에도 60%를 넘지 못하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.448-452
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• 2006

본 연구는 크롬환원제와 액상인산염으로 고정화 처리된 6가 크롬 오염토양이 일반 자연조건에서 얼마나 안정한 상태를 유지하는지 알아보고자하는 장기용출실험을 실시하였다. 크롬환원제와 액상인산염으로 고정화 처리한 토양의 110일간의 장기용출 실험결과, 6가 크롬의 경우 고정화제와 반응하여 불용성 크롬인산염 화합물을 형성한 반응 토양에서 미반응토양과 대조적으로 중금속이 용출되지 않아 수계에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고정화제로 투입된 잔류인이 0.1 mg/L 이하로 측정되어 지하수로의 2차오염을 유발하지 않는 것으로 보여진다. 이와 같은 실험결과를 미루어볼 때 이 고정화기술의 장기적인 안정성을 기대해도 좋은 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제9권1_2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1966

Using the Chlorella cells which had been uniformly labeled with $^{32}P$, the distribution of phosphorus in various fractions of cell material was investigated. Uniformly $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells were further grown in a P-free medium, and some protions of the cells were taken out at intervals during the culture, and subjected to analyze the contents of $^{32}P$ in various fractins of the cell constituents. 2. Analysis of the $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells showed that the highest in P-content was the fraction of RNA followed by those of lipid, RNA-polyphosphate complex, acid-insoluble polyphosphate, acid-soluble polyphosphate, DNA and protein. 3. During the culture of $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells in a P-free medium, amounts of phosphate in DNA, protein and lipid fractions increased, while the P-contents in the fraction of RNA-polyphosphate complex decreased as well as those of acid-insoluble polyphosphate and acid-soluble polyphosphate fractions. 4. It was inferred that phosphorus used in the syntheses of DNA and protein was taken from polyphosphates of the cells, and RNA-polyphosphate complex would play an important role as a phosphate pool.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.71-84
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• 1976

In order to observe the phosphate metabolism in chloroplast, the contents of inorganic phosphate and various compounds in chloroplast from spinach leaf tissues were investigated during the reaction in the light and dark in the reaction mixture and the turnover of phosphate in chloroplast was compared with that of whole cell system: 1. The phosphorus of DNA in chloroplast appears to be transferred from inorganic phosphate, while in whole cell system from phosphate pool. 2. $^{32}P-phosphate$ content of acid soluble fraction in chloroplast as well as in whole cell system was more increased in the light than dark during the reaction. It was noted to be caused by the stimulation of sugar phosphate synthesis in the light. 3. It was confirmed that polyphosphate exists in chloroplast as well as whole cell. Acid insoluble polyphosphate content in whole cell system was significantly decreased during the reaction and the similar tendency was also observed in chloroplst. It is, therefore, considered that acid insoluble polyphosphate also play an most important role as a phosphate pool respectively in chloroplast and in cytoplasm. 4. Protein and lipid phosphorus in chloroplast as well as whole cell system were transferred from acid insoluble polyphosphate.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1969

A major disadvantage of Dental cements is their solubility. So it is very important to measure the exact amount of solubility to select clinically suitable materials. The most common laboratory test for solubility is the measurement of disintegration in distilled water, as outlined in A.D.A. Specifications 8 and 9, In addition to the possible factors influencing the solubility, the experiments were all conducted in compliance with A.D.A. Specifications. The solubility of 2 Zinc Phosphate cements and 1 Silicate cement in time of dissolution, concentration of solute in dissolving medium, and type of dissolving medium were investigated. The following results were obtained. 1. Generally the materials were more soluble in organic acids than in distilled water. 2. The dissolution cements tends be minimized by tests utilizing prolonged storage in the same media. 3. In Acetic acid solution, Zinc Phosphate cements were more soluble than Silicate cement, and in Citric acid solution both were markedly more soluble. 4. Solubility was increased by continually presenting fresh liquid, unsaturated with solute, to the cement-water interface.