• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2002

To investigate the changes in the composition and pool size of nitrogen metabolites under drought stress, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were exposed to -0.04MPa (well-watered, control) or to -0.12MPa (drought-stressed) of soil water potential during 28 days. Dry weight of leaves in drought-stressed plants was remarkably decreased by 45% and 74% within 14 days and 28 days, respectively, compared with control. For nitrate concentration after 28 days of treatment, a significant difference (1.6 times higher in drought-stressed plants) was observed only in stolon. NH$_3$-NH$_4$$^{+}$ concentration in all three organs of drought-stressed plants linearly increased to more than 1.6 times higher level at 28 day when compared to the initial level (day 0), while the increasing rate in control was much less than that of drought-stressed plants. Proline concentrations in drought-stressed plants remarkably increased and reached to 7, 13 and 17 times higher level at 28 day compared to control. Protein concentration in leaves of drought-stressed plants tended to decrease, while it slightly increased during the first 14 days and reached a plateau afterward in control. There was not significant difference in the proteins concentration of stolon and roots throughout experimental period. On SDS-PAGE analysis, two major proteins specifically induced by drought stress (16-kD and 18-kD) were detected in stolon.n.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

Laccase- and peroxidase-free tyrosinase has commercial importance in the production of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), which is mainly used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, isolation of an actinomycetes microbial strain capable of producing only tyrosinase is reported. Among all soil isolates, three individual colonies revealed black color around the colony in the presence of tyrosine. Further screening for laccase and peroxidase activities using syringaldazine denoted that one of the isolates, designated as RSP-T1, is laccase and peroxidase negative and produces only tyrosinase. The microbe was authenticated as Streptomyces antibioticus based on 16S ribotyping. Effective growth of this isolate was noticed with the use of medium (pH 5.5) containing casein acid hydrolysate (10.0 g/l), $K_2HPO_4$ (5.0 g/l), $MgSO_4$ (0.25 g/l), L-tyrosine (1.0 g/l), and agar (15 g/l). The scanning electron micrograph depicted that the microbe is highly branched and filamentous in nature. The enzyme production was positively regulated in the presence of copper sulfate. The impact of different fermentation parameters on tyrosinase production depicted that the maximized enzyme titer values were observed when this isolate was grown at 6.5 pH and at $30^{\circ}C$ temperature under agitated conditions (220 rpm). Among all the studied physiological parameters, agitation played a significant role on tyrosinase production. Upon optimization of the parameters, the yield of tyrosinase was improved more than 100% compared with the initial yield.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2010

Objective: To relate with significant relationship between symptoms and Five Zhang(五臟)symptoms in Five Woon Constitutions and to characterize Five Woons of Asian women who live at Los Angeles area in U.S.A. Methods: 19 diagnostic questions were given to 286 Asian females subjects who were treated for their symptoms at an Asian medical clinic near Los Angeles in USA. The participants were given their constitutions, one of the Five Woons based on their birthdays. The Cross tabulation analysis was also applied to look for the effectiveness of Five Woons on the symptoms. Results: 1. The cross tabulation analysis showed the significant effectiveness of the Five Woons on the five symptoms including dizziness, hot and cold, lower body edema and face fever(p<0.1). 2. The dizziness and the hot and cold were related with Liver diseases, the lower body edema was related with Kidney diseases and the face fever was related to Heart diseases. Conclusions: This study can explain the relationship between the significant symptoms of Five Woons and Five Zhang(五臟)symptoms with reference which is the book by Yoon, ChoChang who lived 1700 years. Further clinical research is necessary to develop more delicate questionnaires and look for ways of characterizing the Five Woons. The diagnosis and corresponding treatment based on the Five Woons should be further studied in view of the Asian medicine.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2010

In order to control postharvest spoilage of satsuma mandarin fruits, rhizobacteria were isolated from soil samples. The Pantoea agglomerans strain 59-4 (Pa 59-4) which suppresses the decay of mandarin fruit by green and blue mold, was tested for the control efficacy and its mode of action was investigated. Pa 59-4 inhibited infection by green and blue mold on wounded mandarins, which were artificially inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum with control efficacies of 85-90% and 75-80%, respectively. The biocontrol efficacy was increased by raising the concentration of cells to between $10^8$ and $10^9\;cfu/ml$, and pretreatment with the antagonist prevented subsequent infection by green mold. The population of Pa 59-4 was increased more than 10 fold during the 24 hr incubation at $20^{\circ}C$, indicating that colonization of the wound site might prevent the infection by green mold. Despite poor antifungal activity, the Pa 59-4 isolate completely inhibited the germination and growth of P. digitatum spores at $1{\times}10^8\;cfu/ml$. We argue that the control efficacy was mediated by nutrient competition. Overall, the effective rhizobacterium, Pa 59-4, was shown to be a promising biocontrol agent for the postharvest spoilage of mandarin fruits by green and blue mold.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

This study was carried out to determine the effects of light controls and leaf mold on root growth and physiological responses of Atractylodes japonica growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by light controls (100%, 62.5%, 40.3% and 19.7% of full sunlight) and application of leaf mold to soil. Height, stem diameter, number of flower buds and root collar diameter were the highest in leaf mold within 62.5% of full sunlight (relative light intensity 62.5%). And these were the higher in leaf mold within each light level. As the shading level increased, light saturation point and maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. As the light level decreased, SPAD value increased in control and leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, A. japonica was judged worse root growth under the lower light level. It was concluded that the light level was one of the most important factors to produce A. japonica. Also, producing high-quality of A. japonica with the price competitiveness by using leaf mold like the experiment can be an effective way to increase incomes for farmers.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.490-497
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• 2007

A Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are themselves a significant source of water pollution. Therefore, the control of urban drainage for CSOs reduction and receiving water quality protection is needed. Examples in combined sewer systems include downstream storage facilities that detain runoff during periods of high flow and allow the detained water to be conveyed by an interceptor sewer to a centralized treatment plant during periods of low flow. The design of such facilities as stormwater detention storage is highly dependant on the temporal variability of storage capacity available (which is influenced by the duration of interevent dry periods) as well as the infiltration capacity of soil and recovery of depression storage. As a result, a continuous approach is required to adequately size such facilities. This study for the continuous long-term analysis of urban drainage system used analytical probabilistic model based on derived probability distribution theory. As an alternative to the modeling of urban drainage system for planning or screening level analysis of runoff control alternatives, this model have evolved that offer much ease and flexibility in terms of computation while considering long-term meteorology. This study presented rainfall and runoff characteristics of the subject area using analytical probabilistic model. This study presented the average annual COSs and number of COSs when the interceptor capacity is in the range $3{\times}DWF$ (dry weather flow). Also, calculated the average annual mass of pollutant lost in CSOs using Event Mean Concentration. Finally, this study presented a decision of storage volume for CSOs reduction and water quality protection.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

$TAO^{TM}$ System is an auto-heated thermophilic aerated digestion process using a proprietary microbe called as a Phototropic Bacteria (PTB). High metabolic activity results in heat generation, which enables to produce a pathogen-free and digested liquid fertilizer at short retention times. TAO$^{TM}$ system has been developed to reduce a manure volume and convert into the liquid fertilizer using swine manure since 1992. About 100 units have been installed and operated in Korean swine farms so far. TAO$^{TM}$ system consists of a reactor vessel and ejector-type aeration pumps and foam removers. The swine slurry manure enters into vessel with PTB and is mixed and aerated. The process is operated at detention times from 2 to 4 days and temperature of 55 to $65^{\circ}C$. Foams are occurred and broken down by foam removers to evaporate water contents. Generally, at least 30% of water content is evaporated, 99% of volatile fatty acids caused an odor are removed and pathogen destruction is excellent with fecal coliform, rotavirus and salmonella below detection limits. The effluent from TAO$^{TM}$ system, called as the "TAO EFFLUX", is screened and has superb properties as a fertilizer. Normally N-P-K contents of screened TAO Efflux are 4.7 g/L, 0.375 g/L and 2.8 g/L respectively. The fertilizer effect of TAO EFFLUX compared to chemical fertilizer has been demonstrated and studied with various crops such as rice, potato, cabbage, pumpkin, green pepper, parsley, cucumber and apple. Generally it has better fertilizer effects and excellent soil fertility improvement effects. Moreover, the TAO EFFLUX is concentrated through membrane technology without fouling problems for a cost saving of long distance transportation and a commercialization (crop nutrient commodity) to a gardening market, for example.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2010

An efficient method for the rapid propagation of Smilax china from axillary buds was established. Plants with thick leafage were selected from Korea native S. china population. Axillary buds of S. china collected from selected plant and were cultured in various culture media (2MS, MS, 1/2MS, WPM, B5 and SH medium). Shoot was induced from axillary bud on MS basal medium after 4 weeks of culture. 1/2MS medium showed a higher growth rate than those of the others, while the lowest shoot growth was obtained in 2MS medium. Among the sucrose concentrations, 5% sucrose was the optimum level for shoots growth from axillay buds. Among cytokinins, $0.5mgL^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) treatment showed the best performance on shoot multiplication, yielding average shoot multiplication forming about 2.4. Rooting was induced directly near the base of the shoot on 1/2MS medium containing with three-auxins ${\alpha}-napthalene$ acetic acid (NAA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and ${\beta}-indolebutyric$ acid (IBA) (0.5 and $1.0mgL^{-1}$). The $1.0mgL^{-1}$ IBA treatments induced earliest rooting with maximum of root number and root growth. These rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to pots for 4 weeks hardening process, and were transferred to soil with above 90% survival rate.

• 에너지공학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 기후변화 대응의 관점에서 미국 지하수 기술을 특허 네트워크분석을 통해 핵심특허를 파악 할 수 있었다. 분석된 핵심 특허를 살펴보면, 오염된 지하수를 중금속 제거기술을 사용하여 지하수가 오염되지 않게 하여 음용수와 오염 지하수 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방법으로 높은 영향력을 보였고 기술 간 전파 되고 있었다. 또한 지하수 기술 특허 간의 특허들이 매개역할을 담당하고 있었지만 지하수 기술 간의 특허의 연결성은 높지 않게 나타나고 있다. 지하수 관련 특허 기술은 크게 양수, 모니터링, 오염정화로 구분이 가능하였다. 모니터링은 지하수 유량, 흐름 또는 수질 분석을 위한 지표, 지리적인 특성뿐만 아니라 오염물질의 종류, 농도 등 물리화학 및 생물학적 특성 파악을 가능하게 하는 기술을 포함한다. 오염정화 기술은 토양 및 지하수 정화를 위한 원위치 또는 비원위치에 적용된 물리화학적 및 생물학적 정화 처리 공정을 말한다. 미국의 기술적 사례를 발굴하여 분석하면서 미국이 수처리 분야에서 기술력이 높았고 기후변화로 인한 물부족 문제에 대응하기 위해서는 이러한 기술진흥과 특허를 통한 지재권보호도 필요한 것으로 보인다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2021

Aluminum (Al) stress in acidic pH is known to decrease the growth and productivity of alfalfa. However, not much is known about how the application of silicon (Si) affects the Al stress response in alfalfa. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of exogenous application of Si on the growth of alfalfa seedlings exposed to Al stress in pots. Alfalfa seedlings grown in pots for 2 weeks were treated either Al stress (pH 4.0, 0.2 mM Al) or Al stress + Si (1 mM) for 5 days, lengths and biomass of shoot and root, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in leaf tissues were analyzed respectively. Al stress treatment inhibited shoot and root growth, and decreased fresh and dry weights, and chlorophyll content in leaves, but increased carotenoid content. In contrast, when alfalfa seedlings treated with Al stress combined with Si, delayed growth caused by Al stress of shoot and root of alfalfa seedlings was restored, dry weight was increased and chlorophyll content of leaf tissue was increased, but carotenoid content was decreased. These results suggest that Si has a function of alleviating Al toxicity in alfalfa, of which it exhibits a mitigating effect by a function that overlaps with some of the intracellular functions of carotenoids.