• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권
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• pp.68-79
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• 1984

An increased population and rapidly expanding industrial development have led to enormous amounts of various domestic and industrial wastes. The proper disposal of ever-increasing wastes is a growing global problem. Land treatment is one of the rational approaches that are environmentally safe and economically practical. It has long been practised in many sites. Recycling of industrial wastes on agricultural land can provide better possible means for maintaining environmental quality and utilizing waste-resources. Even though industrial wastes are beneficial as soil amendment and fertilizer, they have some limitation on land application because of wide variability as well as physicochemical problem in their composition. A direct application of solid and liquid wastes on land is being practised in Korea and some experimental results are presented. The direct application of fermentation waste on rice resulted in a 6 percent yield increase. Another organic residue from glutamic acid fermentation is widely used not only as a direct application as a liquid fertilizer but also for a raw material of organic compound fertilizer. These wastes are much promising as sources of plant nutrients, since they have large amounts of nutrients, especially nitrogen with few toxic metals. On the other hand, fertilizers developed from inorganic industrial wastes include calcium silicate, calcium sulfate and ammonium sulfate. The calcium silicate fertilizer simply produced from slag, by-product of iron and steel manufacturing plant is one of the most successful example of the conversion of wastes to fertilizer and slag production capacity totals to over three million MT/year. About 200,000 MT of calcium silicate fertilizer is currently applied in the paddy rice every year. Calcium sulfate, a waste from the wet phosphoric acid process is to some extent used as a filler of compound fertilizers but quite large quantites are directly applied for the reclamation of tidal flat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2020

The present study was to investigate the growth response and nutrient absorption in three willow species (Salix gracilistyla, S. koreensis and S. chaenomeloides) treated with nitrogen source (NH₄⁺:NO₃^- rate; 200:0, 150:50, 100:100, 50:150, 200:0) for a period of 90days. The height, dry weight and chlorophyll contents of three species of willows were found to be highest at 50:150 (NH₄⁺:NO₃^-) treatment. NO₃^--N was more effective than NH₄⁺-N in the early growth of three species of willows. The increase in percentage of NO₃^--N handling, T-N, NO₃^--N in plant tissue increased. The analysis of C, N and mineral content in various parts revealed that the amounts of C, N, K, Ca and Mg were higher in leaves than those in the stems and the roots. However, the amount of NO₃^--N and P were higher in roots than those in the leaves and the stems. Salix koreensis was excellent, followed by S. chaenomeloides and S. gracilistyla in absorption of nitrate nitrogen. Higher percentage of NO₃^--N, the amounts of T-N, NO₃^--N, P₂O₅, K, Na, Ca, and pH in soil were decreased.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.24-35
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of surface characteristics of polyester fabrics on the deposition and the removal of oily soils from polyester fabrics in detergency, The relations between the removal of soil and the changes of surface properties of polyester fabrics treated with water- and oil-repellent agents were discussed before and after various wash cycles. Two kinds of fluoropolymers were selected as water-and oil-repellent finishing agents. The effects of water- and oil-repellent finishes were determined by the water repellency and oil repellency. The surface properties of untreated and treated polyester fabrics were evaluated with respect to contact angle and wicking time. The treatment of polyester fabrics with fluoropolymers improved efficiently water repellency, oil repellency, contact angle and wicking time. But those properties were greatly decreased after 3 times of wash cycles in detergency The deposition of oily soils on the untreated fabrics was drastically increased with increasing of wash cycles. The deposition and the removal of oily soils from fabrics treated with fluoropolymer having hydrophobic components were very low after various wash cycles. The deposition and the removal of oily soils on the fabrics treated with fluoropolymer having hydrophilic components were high comparatively after various wash cycles. Even though the surface properties of treated fabrics were greatly decreased with the increasing of wash cycles, the remains of oily soils on the fabrics were lower than those of untreated fabrics in various wash cycles. But the remains of soils were drastically increased after 10 times of wash cycles in any cases.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1995

Pasture composed of about 30% botanical composition of white clover (Trijolium repem L.) is desirable in its productivity and quality. To get information on maintaining its productivity in the pasture, the experiment was canied out to determine the effect of infrequent, frequent defoliation or their alternation on change of its harvest yield and growth. Individual plants of Regal, Louisiana S-1, Grasslands Huia and Aberystwyth S184 were grown in 22cm plastic pot containing a 2 : 1 : 1 soil : sand : Peat moss mixture for 27 days after transplanting 50day seedlings raised on 3cm pots, and then all their fully expanded leaves are removed. Defoliation treatments were forced every 1 (CC, frequent), 4 week (RR, infrequent) or their alternations (CR, RC) after 8 weeks from the removal. To analyze the treatment effects, plants were sampled on 0 (the removal day), 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the removal and seperated to leaves, petioles, stolons and roots. Each harvest yield of infrequent defoliation (RR) was higher than that of frequent defoliation (CC). Their alternations (RC, CR), however, forced fluctuation of the yield according to defoliation interval. Fraction weights from their altemations showed intermediate ones of infrequent and Frequent defoliation whose weights did the similar result to their harvest yields. Fraction and total dry weights per plant, shoot/root ratio were changed by relative span of defoliation interval, which resulted from the weights of leaves and petioles, removed parts. Root and total dry weight per plant of Regal were greater than the other cultivm in infrequent defoliation interval regardless of continuous or alternations. Productivity of white clover in pasture, therefore, can be controlled by alternation of infrequent and frequent defoliation or reverse.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2001

A technique for detection of Bacillus in soil and waste water treatment system was developed. Mixed col- tured solutions of 22 Bacillus strains were applied for selection of probe and pretreatment method for FISHAmong the three probes known as useful tool for FISH method,S-G-Bacill-0597-a-A-22 was best for detec-tion of Bacillus. Ninety five percent of DAPl count was observed with FISH method with S-G-Bacill-0597-a-A-22 probe. For increasing the permeability to Bacillus cell walls, pretreatment with lysozyme was betterthan that with lysozyme and SDS/DTT (dithiothreitol). Bacillus spore was not detected with FISH. So, Bacil-lus detection in ecosystem requires FISH with pretreatment of lysozyme and spore staining.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• 제22권
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

The pre-treatment for conservation must be needed for the exhumed historic sites. So, the study of conservation and restoration of historical sites has progressed favorably with using various polymers for solving upper problems. The problems which should be essentially solved for conservation of the exhumed historic sites are, however, using reinforcing agents that don't impair their original forms and sorting reinforcing agents on the lines of the historic sites' soil. These agents should be able to use without the effect of outer environments like marsh, winter time or temperature. In this work, we synthesized Epoxy resin and Epoxy hardener for the restoration of historical sites. These products have very good tension strength and adhesion strength and various physical properties that the users want. Particularly, these epoxy with high viscosity have good separation of between Epoxy final product and Urethane pre-surface.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1978

A strain of Streptomyces sp producing chitinase was isolated from soil and its cultural condition and some properties of this enzyme were investigated. When 0.375 per cent of glucose was added to basal medium, this organism produced the most quantities of this enzyme after shaking culture at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs., while the production of the enzyme was repressed at the more concentration of glucose than that. The enzyme had a optimal pH of 7.0, optimal temperature of 5$0^{\circ}C$ and the activity of that was not decreased by heat treatment for 20 minute at 7$0^{\circ}C$. And then the activity was increased by Co$^{2+}$ but was slightly inhibited by Hg$^{2+}$, Ni$^{2+}$, Pb$^{2+}$.EX> 2+/.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2001

A powerful antagonistic bacterium against Phytophthora capsici causing phytophthora blight of red pepper was isolated from the cultivated soil in Kyongju Korea, The bilogical control mechanisms of the isolated strain were caused by strong antifungal antibiotic, siderophore and cellulase. The strain was identified as Chryseomonas luteola by the cultural morphological and physiological characteristics. The opti- mal culture medium for the antibiotic production was determined as follows : 0.15%D(+) cellobiose, 0.55% $NH_4$CI, 0.01% KCI 0.7% $K_2$$HPO_4$ 0.2% $KH_2$PO$_4$ and 0.5% sodium citrate at pH 7.0 The optimal incubation time was 84 hours at $30^{\circ}C$ In pot bioassay, the treatment of C luteola 5042 protected red pepper plant against the blight of Phytophthora capsici.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1974

A strain of Streptomyces sp. which producing a metal containing proteolytic enzyme was isolated from soil and some properties of this enzyme were investigated. The following results were obtained. 1. Optimal pH and temperature of this enzyme were pH7.0 and 37$^{\circ}C$ 2. This enzyme was easily inactivated with heat treatment: for example, by the treatmentat 37$^{\circ}C$ for 100 minutes the activity of the enzyme was decreased to about 50 per cent of intial actively but this enzyme was stable at neutral pH. 3. The activity of this enzyme was not inhibited by $Mg^{＋＋}$, $_Mn^{＋＋}$, $Ca^{＋＋}$, Pb$^{＋＋}$, or $Ba^{＋＋}$ ect. but strongly inhibited by Hg$^{＋＋}$, Co$^{＋＋}$, Ag$^{＋}$, Cu$^{＋＋}$, or Cd$^{＋＋}$. 4. This enzyme was strongly inhibited by EDTA but was not inhibited by oxalic acid, citric acid, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, $\varepsilon$-aminocaproic acid, cysteine, or thiourea.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1986

The rootability of hardwood cutting of mulberry (Morus alba L.) depending upon the kinds of cutting beds, soil of cutting beds, effect of growth regulator (Rootone-F), pretreatments of cutting scion, parts of branches were investigated, The results were as follows ; 1. Rootability was the highest in cutting after callus formed on sand bed, whereas null in the treatment of rice seedling hot bed. 2. Optimum cutting season was around March 26, showed 100% rootability in all treatments except wooden box filled with sand. 3. The order of rootability related with cutting part of branch was upper$^{\circ}C$), and cutting after formation of callus increased rootability, whereas cuttings left in open air for 5 days showed null rootability.