• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.354-354
• /
• 2019

기후변화에 따른 이상기후의 영향으로 과거 관측되지 않은 태풍, 가뭄, 폭우, 홍수 및 해일과 같은 재해의 빈도가 증가하고 있다. 특히, 가뭄은 장기간에 걸쳐 피해를 야기하여 대책을 장기적으로 고려하지 않으면 전 지구적으로 심각한 피해가 초래될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 많은 연구에서 가뭄에 따른 재해를 평가하기 위한 분석이 수행되고 있으며, 최근 연구에서는 토양수분을 통한 가뭄재해 분석이 대두되고 있다. 토양수분은 토양에 포함된 수분의 평균값을 의미하며 물 순환 관점에서 매우 중요한 수문변량 중 하나이다. 그러나 기존 연구에서 사용되고 있는 실측 토양수분은 자료의 기간이 짧고 검증이 수행되지 않아 분석 시 결과의 신뢰성이 결여되는 문제점이 있다. 일부 토양수분 연구에서는 위성 관측 자료를 통한 분석을 수행하였지만 실측 자료와의 상관성 문제로 인하여 모의된 결과의 활용은 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Quantile mapping 기반의 편의 보정 방법을 제시하여 용담 유역 내 6개 지점와 전국에 흩어져 있는 6개 지점(철원장흥, 수원, 대곡, 전주, 오창가곡, 춘천신북)의 실측자료와 위성 자료 기반의 재해석 토양수분 (re-analysis soil moisture data)에 따른 토양수분 모의 기법을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 모형에 따른 결과는 가뭄재해 평가 시 기초자료로써 신뢰성 있는 정보로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.59 no.5
• /
• pp.803-820
• /
• 2016

In this study a direct displacement-based design (DDBD) procedure for a continuous deck bridge isolated with triple friction pendulum bearings (TFPB) has been proposed and the seismic demands of the bridge such as isolator's displacement and drift of piers obtained from this procedure evaluated under two-directional near-field ground motions. The structural model used here are continuous, three-span, castin-place concrete box girder bridge with a 30-degree skew which are isolated with 9 different TFPBs. By comparing the results of DDBD method with those of nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA), it can be concluded that the proposed procedure is able to predict seismic demands of similar isolated bridges with acceptable accuracy. Results of NTHA shows that dispersion of peak resultant responses for a group of ground motions increases by increasing their average value of responses. It needs to be noted that the demands parameters calculated by the DDBD procedure are almost overestimated for stiffer soil condition, but there is some underestimation in results of this method for softer soil condition.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.59-76
• /
• 2016

Penetration problems in geomechanics are common. Usually the soil is heavily disturbed around the penetrating bodies and large deformations and distortions can occur. The simulation of the installation of displacement piles is a good example of the interest of these types of problems for geomechanics. In this paper the Material Point Method is used to overcome the difficulties associated with the simulations of problems involving large deformation and full displacement type penetration. Recent modifications of the Material Point Method known as Generalized Interpolation Material Point and the Convected Particle Domain Interpolation are also used and evaluated in some of the examples. Herein a footing submitted to large settlements is presented and simulated, together with the processes associated to a driven pile under undrained conditions. The displacements of the soil surrounding the pile are compared with those obtained by the Small Strain Path Method. In addition, the Modified Cam Clay model is implemented in a code of MPM and used to simulate the process of driving a pile in dry sand. Good and rather encouraging agreement is found between compared data.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.3 no.3_4
• /
• pp.203-230
• /
• 2012

This paper presents results for impedance (and compliance) functions and input motions of foundations in a layered half-space computed on the basis of a procedure that combines a consistent transmitting boundary with continued-fraction absorbing boundary conditions which are accurate and effective in modeling wave propagation in various unbounded domains. The effects of obliquely incident seismic waves in a layered half-space are taken into account in the formulation of the transmitting boundary. Using the numerical model, impedance (and compliance) functions and input motions of rigid circular foundations on the surface of or embedded in a homogeneous half-space are computed and compared with available published results for verification of the procedure. Extrapolation methods are proposed to improve the performance in the very-low-frequency range and for the static condition. It is concluded from the applications that accurate analysis of foundation dynamics and soil-structure interaction in a layered half-space can be carried out using the enhanced consistent transmitting boundary and the proposed extrapolations.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.25 no.2_spc
• /
• pp.55-69
• /
• 2020

Permeability-analyzing methods commonly involve small-scale drilling, such as pumping or slug test, but it is difficult to identify overall distribution of permeability of the entire target sites due to high cost and time requirement. Spectral induced polarization (SIP) method is known to be capable of providing distributions of both the porosity and the pore size, the two major parameters determining permeability of the porous medium. The relationship between SIP variables and permeability has been studied to identify the hydrological characteristics of target sites. Kozeny-Carman formula has been improved through many experiments to better predict fluid permeability with electrical properties. In this work, the permeability prediction techniques based on SIP data were presented in accordance with the hydrogeological and electrical characteristics of a porous medium. Following the summary of the techniques, various models and related laboratory experiments were analyzed and examined. In addition, the field applicability of the prediction model was evaluated by field case analysis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.251-268
• /
• 1986

Selecting a site for the safe disposal of radioactive waste requires the evaluation of a wide range of geologic, mineralogic, hydrologic, and physicochemical properties. Although highly diverse, these properties are in fact interrelated. Site requirements are also diverse because they are influenced by the nature of the radionuclides in the waste, for example, their half-lives, specific energy, and chemistry. A fundamental consideration in site selection is the mineralogy of the host rock, and one of the most ubiquitous mineral groups is clay minerals. Clays and clay minerals as in situ lithologic components and engineered barriers may playa significant role in retarding the migration of radionuclides. Their high sorptivity, longevity (stability), low permeability, and other physical factors should make them a very effective retainer of most radionuclides in nuclear wastes. There are, however, some unanswered questions. For example, how will their longevity and physicochemical properties be influenced by such factors as radionuclide concentration, radiation intensity, elevated temperatures, changes in redox condition, pH, and formation fluids for extended periods of time? Understanding of mechanisms affecting clay mineral-radionuclide interactions under prevailing geochemical conditions is important; however, the utilization of experimental geochemical information related to physicochemical properties of clays and clay-bearing materials with geohydrologic models presents a uniquely challenging problem in that many assessments have to be based on model predictions rather than on experiments. These are high-priority research investigations that need to be addressed before complete reliance for disposal area performance is made on clays and clay minerals.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2021

Extensive groundwater abstraction has been recognized as one of the major challenges in management of coastal groundwater. The purpose of this study was to assess potential changes of groundwater distribution of northeastern Jeju Island over 10-year duration, where brackish water have been actively developed. To quantitatively estimate the coastal groundwater resources, numerical simulations using three-dimensional finite-difference density-dependent flow models were performed to describe spatial distribution of the groundwater in the aquifer under various pumping and recharge scenarios. The simulation results showed different spatial distribution of freshwater, brackish, and saline groundwater at varying seawater concentration from 10 to 90%. Volumetric analysis was also performed using three-dimensional concentration distribution of groundwater to calculate the volume of fresh, brackish, and saline groundwater below sea level. Based on the volumetric analysis, a quantitative analysis of future seawater intrusion vulnerability was performed using the volume-based vulnerability index adopted from the existing analytical approaches. The result showed that decrease in recharge can exacerbate vulnerability of coastal groundwater resources by inducing broader saline area as well as increasing brackish water volume of unconfined aquifers.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.575-584
• /
• 2019

The groundwater level (GWL) is an important subsoil condition for the design of foundation. GWL tends to fluctuate often with seasonal variation, which may cause unexpected, additional settlements with some reductions in the safety margin of foundation. In this study, the effects of fluctuating GWL on the load carrying and settlement behavior of footing were investigated and quantified. A series of model load tests were conducted for various GWL and soil conditions using a hydraulically-controlled chamber system. Changes in load level and rising and falling GWL fluctuation cycle were considered in the tests. Settlements during GWL rise were greater than those during GWL fall. The depth of the GWL influence zone ($\underline{d}_{w,inf}$) varied in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 times footing width and became shallower as GWL continued to fluctuate. Design equations for estimating GWL-induced settlements for footings were proposed. The GWL fluctuation cycle, load level and soil density were considered in the proposed method. Changes in settlement and factor of safety with GWL fluctuation were discussed.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to suggest conceptual models based on finite numerical method that can be used to assess contaminant transport through subsurface and estimate exposed concentration at contaminated site. This study tested various assumptions of the numerical models for contaminant transport in unsaturated and saturated zones to simulate the pathways to the human exposal point. For this purpose, models for seven possible scenarios of contaminant transport were simulated using the numerical code MODFLOW and MT3D. The simulation results that showed different peak concentrations and travel times were compared. In conclusion, the potential utility of the numerical models in the site specific risk analysis suggested as well as future research ramifications.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.150-158
• /
• 2019

Soil contaminated with heavy metals from artisanal gold mining in Anka Local Government Area in Northwestern Nigeria was investigated to evaluate the human health risk as a result of heavy metals. Measured concentration of heavy metals and exposure parameters were used to estimate human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. GIS-based Kriging method was utilized to create a prediction maps of human health risks and probability maps of heavy metals concentrations exceeding their threshold limits. Hazard index calculation showed that 21 out of 23 locations are posing non-cancer risk for children. Adults and children are at high cancer risk in all locations as the total cancer risk exceeded $1{\times}10^{-6}$ (the lower limit CTR value). Kriging model showed that only a very small area in Anka has a hazard index of less than unity and cumulative target risk of less than $1{\times}10^{-4}$, indicating a significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children. The probability of heavy metals to exceed their threshold concentrations around the study area was also found to be high.