• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2005년도 제21회 발표논문집
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• pp.165-166
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• 2005

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2015

The soil ecosystem is a complex system performing particularly complicated and varied functions, such as providing a habitat for organisms, acting as a medium for plant cultivation and growth, and functioning as a buffer against external materials in the environment. To assess whether these important functions of the soil ecosystem are executed appropriately, the concept of soil ecosystem health has been introduced, which is defined as the ability to perform the specific functions of the soil ecosystem. Understanding soil properties and soil indicators related to soil functions is essential to assess the soil health. In this study, systems, the indicators, and evaluation factors for assessing soil ecosystem health employed in a number of countries were investigated and discussed. In particular, it is necessary to introduce a technique for the evaluation of soil ecosystem health in Korea and to develop techniques and indicators appropriate to the soil ecosystem and status in Korea.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.188-193
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• 1998

토양의 pH 변화는 토양의 화학적 특성을 결정하는 중요한 요인이며 도시의 환경오염이 토양과 식물생장에 미치는 영향을 평가할 수 있는 지표가 되기도 한다. 서울지역의 대기오염이 도시림 토양에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 조사지역을 도심에서 외곽방향으로 5km 간격의 동심원으로 구분하고 도시 외곽지역에서 토양산성화에 차이가 있는지 조사하였다. 각 구역의 도시림에서 토양시료를 A, B층에서 채취하여 토양 pH, 토양완충능력, 양이온치환능력 및 염기포화도를 측정하였다. 토양 pH는 A층에서 3.96~5.08, B층에서 4.10~5.25의 분포를 나타냈다. 도심에서 외곽방향으로 구역간 토양 pH 차이에는 통계적인 유의성이 없었으나 외곽 구역에 비하여 도심 구역에서 토양 pH가 비교적 낮은 경향을 보였다. 토양완충능력은 도심 구역 (0-5km와 5-10km)이 외곽 구역(10-15km와 15-20km)에 비하여 현저히 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 양이온치환능력과 이와 관련있는 염기포화도는 구역간 차이에 유의성이 없었다. 대기오염물질의 도시의 외곽 방향으로의 확산을 따라 서울지역 도시림의 토양 산성화가 유사한 진행을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 토양완충능력이 도심 구역에서 낮은 것은 서울지역에서 대기 중 산성강하물의 유입에 대하여 나타난 토양 반응의 척도로 볼 수 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.447-447
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• 2023

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical indicator of soil fertility. Its importance in maintaining ecological balance has received widespread attention. However, global temperatures have risen by 0.8℃ since the late 1800s due to human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in severe disruptions in SOC dynamics. To study the impacts of temperature variations on SOC and soil respiration, we used the Soil Carbon and Landscape co-Evolution (SCALE) model, which was capable of estimating the spatial distribution of soil carbon dynamics. The study site was located at Heshan Farm (125°20'10.5"E, 49°00'23.1"N), Nenjiang County in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. We validated the model using observed soil organic carbon and soil respiration in 2015 and achieved excellent agreement between observed and modeled variables. Our results showed considerable influences of temperature increases on SOC and soil respiration rates at both erosion and deposition areas. In particular, changes in SOC and soil respiration at the deposition area were greater than at the erosion area. Our study highlights that the impacts of temperature elevations are considerably dependent on soil erosion and deposition processes. Thus, it is important to implement effective soil conservation strategies to maintain soil fertility under global warming.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

본 연구는 시설엽채류에서 재배농법별 미생물학적 안전성을 평가하기 위해서 깻잎과 상추를 대상으로 수행하였다. 유기농 및 관행 농가로부터 생산 및 수확 단계에서 식물체, 수확장갑, 수확비구니, 토양피복재 등으로부터 총 2,304개의 시료를 채취하여 Total aerobic bacteria, Coliforms, E.coli, Environmental Listeria, Yeast & mold 등의 위생지표세균과 Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., L. monocytogenes등의 병원성미생물을 분석하였다. 시설엽채류의 생산과정에서는 재배농법에 상관없이 위행지표세균은 검출되지 않거나 $3.4\;Log\;CFU/100cm^2$ 이하로 검출되었다. 유기농법으로 생산되는 깻잎과 상추에서 B. cereus와 S. aureus가 0.22~1.55 Log CFU/g로 조사되었고, 관행농법에서는 S. aureus는 검출되지 않았으며 B. cereus는 0.42~2.19 Log CFU/g으로 조사되었으나 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 수확도구 및 멀칭필름에서도 재배농법과는 관계없이 위생지표세균과 유해균의 오염도는 낮았으며 차이는 없었다. 그러나 수확도구에서의 미생물 오염도가 높아질수록 식물체 표면의 미생물 오염도도 높아지는 정의 상관관계($R^2=0.4526$)가 있었다. 또한 유기농 시설엽채류 생산시 토양 피복시 위생지표세균과 병원성미생물이 검출되지 않거나 피복을 하지 않은 경우에 비하여 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과, 시설엽채류 생산시 재배농법의 차이보다는 토양피복 및 수확과정의 미생물적 위생관리가 더욱 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2007

Organic farming systems based on ecological concepts have the potential to produce sustainable crop yields with no decline in soil and environmental qualities. Recent expansion of sustainable agricultural systems, including organic farming, has brought about need for development of sustainable farming systems based on value judgments for key properties of importance for farming. Chemical and microbiological properties were chosen as indicators of soil quality and measured at soil depth intervals of 5-20 and 20-35 cm in conventional and organic-based apple orchards located in Yeongchun, Gyeongbuk. The orchards were two adjacent fields to ensure the same pedological conditions except management system. Soil pH in organic farming was around 7.5, whereas below 6.0 in conventional farming. Organic farming resulted in significant increases in organic matter and Kjeldahl-N contents compared to those found with conventional management. Microbial populations, biomass C, and enzyme activities (except acid phosphatase) in apple orchard soil of organic farming were higher than those found in conventional farming. Higher microbial quotient ($C_{mic}/C_{org}$ ratio) and lower microbial metabolic quotient for $CO_2(qCO_2)$ in organic farming confirmed that organic farming better conserves soil organic carbon. Biological soil quality indicators showed significant positive correlations with soil organic matter content. These results indicate organic-based farming positively affected soil organic matter content, thus improving soil chemical and biological qualities.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2023

The effect of soil damage on the physicochemical characteristics and activity of the soil microbial community is not well known. This study investigates this relationship by analyzing 11 soil samples collected from various points of soil damage across Gyeonggi-do. Soil damage resulted from forest fires, landslides, and development areas, with their impacts most severe on the topsoil layer (0-30 cm). Dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase activities were notably higher at locations damaged by forest fires compared to other sites. While enzyme activities in soils influenced by landslides and development areas were relatively low, sites with a pollution history exhibited elevated dehydrogenase activity, likely due to past microbial response to the pollution. Additionally, an assessment of carbon substrate usability by soil microorganisms indicated higher substrate availability in areas impacted by forest fires, contrasting with lower availability in landslide and development sites. Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between organic content of sand and clay and microbial activity. These findings provide valuable insights into soil damage and associated restoration research, as well as management strategies.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1999

Biogenic source emissions refer to naturally occuring emissions from vegetation, microbial activities in soil, lightening, and so on. Vegetation is especially known to emit a considerable amout of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. Therefore, biogenic source emissions are an important input to photochemical air quality models. since most biogenic source emissions are calculated at the county-level, they should be geographically allocated to the computational grid cells of a photochemical air quality model prior to running the model. The traditional method for the spatial allocation for biogenic source emissions has been to use a "spatial surrogate indicator" such as a county area. In order to examine the applicability of such approximations, this study developed more detailed surrogate indicators to improve the spatial allocation method for biogenic source emissions. Due to the spatially variable nature of biogenic source emissions, Geographic Information Systems(GIS) were introduced as new tools to develop more detailed spatial surrogate indicators. Use of these newly developed spatial surrogate indicators for biogenic source emission allocation provides a better resolution than the standard spatial surrogate indicator.indicator.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2003

Nitrate contamination in the aquatic systems is the primary indicator of poor agricultural management. The influence of sewage sludge application rates (0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 dry Mg/ha) on distribution of nitrate originating from the sewage sludge in soil profiles was investigated. Soil profile monitoring of nitrate was carried out with a Lakeland clay soil in 1997. Irrespectively of the sewage sludge application rates up to 50 dry Mg/ha, the concentration of $NO_3$-N at the 120 cm depth was below 10 mg/kg and the difference due to the amount of sewage sludge application was negligible at this depth. There was virtually no $NO_3$-N below 120 cm depth and this was confirmed by a deep sampling up to 300 cm depth. Most of the nitrate remained in the surface 60 cm of the soil. Below 120 cm depth nitrate concentration was very low because of the denitrification even at high sewage sludge rate of 100 dry Mg/ha. The $NO_3$-N concentrations in the soil fluctuated over the growing season due to plant uptake and denitrification. The risk of groundwater contamination by nitrate from sewage sludge application up to high rate of 100 dry Mg/ha was very low in a wheat grown clay soil with high water table ( < 3 m).

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.405-408
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• 2002

The electrical conductivity, EC is a major indicator of soil salinity. Measuring EC of saturation-paste extract of soil, ECe, is the standard way to evaluate soil salinity. However much of the data on soil salinity have been obtained by measuring the EC of the 1:5 soil-to-water extract, EC(1:5) or salts contents(%) which multiplied by conversion factor. And, thus we attempted to collect and analysis 90 soil samples at 9 reclaimed tidelands in Korea and to derive a relationship between ECe and dilution factor at ECe and EC(1:5), $DF_{1:5}$ of 3 soil textural conditions and 6 salinity conditions. Regression equations between ECe and $DF_{1:5}$ were obtained $ECe=1.4701ln(DF_{1:5})+5.0974(r^2=0.97^{**})$ in case of more than 50% silt contents, $ECe=2.1399ln(DF_{1:5})+5.3462 (r^2=0.99^{***})$ in case of below 50% silt contents, and $ECe=1.5927ln(DF_{1:5})+5.2486 (r^2=0.98^{***})$ in all cases, and then we suggested the $DF_{1:5}\;and\;DF_%$ of 3 soil textural conditions and 6 salinity conditions.