• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.729-736
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• 2009

Several well resistance effects induced by bending, confining stress, temperature, bubbles, and apparent opening size have been considered and researched for the reasonable PBD design. The effect of apparent opening size(AOS), however, was not extensively studied and the clogging effect by AOS was not clearly researched. In this paper, the slurry consolidation test which 4 types of PBD are installed in large slurry consolidometer($H{\times}D$, $2.0m{\times}1.2m$) is performed to investigate the clogging effect by filter's AOS. The results show that the internal clogging is observed all types of PBD, and a quantity of inflowed soil particles are increased at the lower part of PBD and the kink zone. In addition, the internal clogging phenomenon does not relate with the shape and size of PBD. In filter's AOS test, it was easily observed that soil particles bigger than AOS of tested filter passed PBD filter by SEM. This paper demonstrates that the reduction of discharge capability may be accelerated by internal clogging at the kink zone.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2011

Mandae watershed in Gangwon province has been known as one of soil erosion hot spot watersheds within Hanggang basin. Thus numerous efforts have been made to reduce soil erosion and pollutant loads into receiving watershed. However, proper best management practices have not been suggested because no monitoring flow and water quality data were available. Thus, modeling technique could not be utilized to evaluate water quality issue properly at Mandae watershed to develop and implement the best management practices. In this study, the SWAT model was applied to the Mandae watershed, Gangwon province to evaluate the SWAT prediction ability and water quality improvement with vegetated filter strip (VFS) in this study. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and Coefficient of determination ($R^2$) values for flow simulation were 0.715 and 0.802, respectively, and the NSE and $R^2$ values were 0.903 and 0.920 for T-P simulation indicating the SWAT can be used to simulate flow and T-P with acceptable accuracies. The SWAT model, calibrated for flow and T-P, was used to evaluate water quality improvement with the VFS in agricultural fields. It was found that approximately 56.19 % of T-P could be reduced with vegetated filter strip of 5 m at the edge of agricultural fields within the watershed (34.86 % reduction with VFS of 1m, 48.29 % with VFS of 3 m). As shown in this study, the T-P, which plays key roles in eutrophication in the waterbodies, can be reduced with proper installation of the VFS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.344-350
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• 2001

Piping is a phenomenon where seeping water progressively erodes or washes away soil particles, leaving large voids (Pipes led to the development of channels) in the soil. Piping failure caused by heave can be expected to occur on the downstream side of a hydraulic structure such as fill dams when the uplift forces of seepage exceed the downward forces due to the submerged weight of the soil. The way to prevent erosion and piping and to reduce damaging uplift pressures is to use a protective filter or to construct cutoff wall/imperious blanket. Therefore, all the hydraulic structures faced/with soil materials should be taken the safety against piping into consideration.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.145-167
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• 2015

Digital simulation has recently become the preferred method for designing complex and dynamic systems. Simulation packages provide interactive, block-diagram environment for modeling and simulating dynamic models. The block diagrams in simulation models are flowcharts which describe the components of dynamic systems and their interaction. This paper is the first part of the study for determining the seismic behavior of soil systems. The aim of this part is to present the constructed block diagrams for discrete-time analysis of seismic site amplification in layered media for vertically propagating shear waves. Detailed block diagrams are constructed for single and multiple soil layers by considering wave propagation with and without damping, respectively. The block diagrams for recursive filter to model attenuation in discrete-time form are also constructed. Finite difference method is used for strain calculation. The block diagrams are developed by utilizing Simulink which is a software add-on to Matlab.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.679-702
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• 2013

During an earthquake, soils filter and send out the shaking to the building and simultaneously it has the role of bearing the building vibrations and transmitting them back to the ground. In other words, the ground and the building interact with each other. Hence, soil-structure interaction (SSI) is a key parameter that affects the performance of buildings during the earthquakes and is worth to be taken into consideration. Columns are one of the most crucial elements in RC buildings that play an important role in stability of the building and must be able to dissipate energy under seismic loads. Recent earthquakes showed that formation of plastic hinges in columns is still possible as a result of strong ground motion, despite the application of strong column-weak beam concept, as recommended by various design codes. Energy is dissipated through the plastic deformation of specific zones at the end of a member without affecting the rest of the structure. The formation of a plastic hinge in an RC column in regions that experience inelastic actions depends on the column details as well as soil-structure interaction (SSI). In this paper, 854 different scenarios have been analyzed by inelastic time-history analyses to predict the nonlinear behavior of RC columns considering soil-structure interaction (SSI). The effects of axial load, height over depth ratio, main period of soil and structure as well as different characteristics of earthquakes, are evaluated analytically by finite element methods and the results are compared with corresponding experimental data. Findings from this study provide a simple expression to estimate plastic hinge length of RC columns including soil-structure interaction.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 1997

It was proven that rice straw can serve can serve as a good support medium for trickling filter with livestock wastewater treatment. The efficiency of removal of removal of environmentally undesirable components from the wastewater by the straw medium was no less inferior to other commonly used support materials. The treated straw was also proven to be a source of abundant plant nutrients. The growth of orchard grass was enhanced greatly by the application of large quantity of the support medium. A maximum yield of dry matter was obtained at the rate of 40 ton/ha. Inorganic NPK elements as background fertilizers were highly recommended for better development in an early stage of growth. The nutritional status of the soil was very much improved by the addition of the medium in terms of exchangeable cations(K, Ca, Mg and Na), available phosphate, and organic matter contents. Nutrient uptake by orchard grass such as N, P and cations was enhanced by rice straw medium treatment and that was proportional to the levels of treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.155-163
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to characterize the wastewater flow through the VFS, and relate this to the P removal in the VFS. A total of 68 subsurface wells (20∼40 cm below the soil surface) and 35 surface wells (0~5 cm), and the application of chloride tracer were used to investigate flow paths and soluble reactive P (SRP) removal from the 21 m wide and 33 m long VFS receiving dairy milkhouse waste. The early chloride breakthroughs in wells in the center of the VFS showed that the milkhouse waste flows preferentially down in the center of the hillslope. The locally saturated area created near the discharge pipe in the center of the VFS accelerates surface flow that contributed to rapid transport of P to the down slope area. Although VFS of 33m long eventually reduced SRP to lower than 0.2 mg/L in most cases, SRP is less effectively removed in the areas where soil saturation occurred. It is suggested that the effort to distribute the wastewater uniformly to avoid soil saturation and reduce the flow velocity need to be considered in new designs.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.159-166
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• 2004

In this study, experiments on the SWCC were performed in order to find out the characteristics of unsaturated soil and to analyze the stability of unsaturated weathered slopes with rainfall-induced wetting. Several soil types classified by mixture portion of clay (CH) in the weathered soil (SW) were used in experimental tests. To achieve the SWCC, the filter paper method was used on SW with varying clay contents. A tensiometer test was used for measuring wetting front suction of the soils in a laboratory with varying relative densities. Based on the experimental results, it is shown that the wetting front suction increases as clay contest of mixture soil increases : in particular, the wetting front suction increases sharply as the clay contents increase. It is also found that wetting front suction affects the initial wetting band depth and stability of the slope.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

This study analyzed pore water pressure, earth pressure and settlement through laboratory model tests in order to suggest the effective remodeling method in the case of reinforcing the upstream and downstream slope of deteriorated reservoirs that has no cores and filters or is not functional. The method of remodeling the upstream slope using dredge soil is first prevent seepage by installing the core, and the leakage water can be rapidly discharged through a filter installed on the downstream slope. Therefore, it is considered a highly efficient method of remodeling that reduces piping phenomena and increasing the storage capacity of the reservoir. The variation of earth pressure without the core and filter was greater than with it, while the change largely showed in the upstream slope, the downstream slope did not show any significant changes. The remodeling method of the downstream slope with the core appeared differently pore water pressure depending on the presence of the vertical and horizontal filters. In the upstream slope, the pore water pressure rises sharply, the base and middle gradually increased, and the downstream slope appeared small. The pore water pressure of embankment with a vertical and horizontal filter will be smaller than without it. The remodeling of deteriorated reservoir that does not have the function of the filter, the vertical filter must be installed in a position that is higher than the expected seepage line by removing portions of the downstream slopes. Since the horizontal filter is an important structure that provides stable drainage during an earthquake or concentrated leak, it is necessary to examine any change in the seepage characteristics depending on the filter intervals via three-dimensional finite element analysis, and it should be connected to the tow-drain to reduce the possibility of the collapse of the reservoir.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 1990

To suggest the fundamental data for development of the soil improvement method which increases the permeability in aquifer by jet water, laboratory tests were performed. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The diameter of the improved section was maximum value when the time of water jetting was about 4 minutes, and it was not increased according as the time of water jetting was longer than 4 minutes. 2. It appeared that 2.78 mm in diameter of the nozzle was the most optimum size in the condition of using the 1/8 HP - pump and the diameter of improved section in that case was 15.9cm 3. According to removing fine - soil particles, the original soil was improved, suitable to the purpose of improving, and then the permeability of the improved soil was 100 times of that of the original soil. 4. As the improved soil was satisfied to the design criteria of filter materials, the improvement method in this study will be useful for constructing underground collecting channels or underground collecting drainage canals.