• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of soil depths and soil organic fertilizer application on the growth characteristics of Spiraea bumalda 'Gold Mound' in a extensive green roof system. The treatments were 3 soil depths (10, 15 and 25 cm) and 5 soil types in mixture of artificial soil and organic fertilizer. We measured plant height, leaf width, leaf length, number of flowers, visual quality and survival rate from March to October in 2011. The growing medium of 10 cm soil depth showed the highest plant growth in $A_1$ (amended soil 100%), and the lowest plant growth in $O_1A_4$ (organic fertilizer 20% + amended soil 80%) treatment. In case of 15 cm soil depth, Spiraea bumalda 'Gold Mound' showed a high leaf length and visual quality in $O_1A_2$(organic fertilizer 33% + amended soil 67%) treatment and high leaf width and number of flowers in $O_1$ (organic fertilizer 100%) treatment. $A_1$ treatment without organic fertilizer showed the lowest leaf length and poorest visual quality, and $O_1A_4$ treatment showed the lowest plant height and lowest number of flowers. At soil depth 25 cm, $O_1A_1$ (organic fertilizer 50% + amended soil 50%) treatment showed greater plant height, visual quality and number of flowers than other treatments. The leaf length and leaf width were more effective in $O_1$ treatment. $A_1$ treatment showed a relatively low leaf length, leaf width and visual quality. The higher the organic conditioner, the better the plant growth. And, survival rates of Spiraea bumalda 'Gold Mound' showed 92%, 88% and 76% at soil depths of 25 cm, 15 cm and 10 cm, respectively, in this a extensive green roof system. Therefore, the results showed that the growth of Spiraea bumalda 'Gold Mound' was affected by both soil quality and soil depth. Different optimal mixtures of organic fertilizer and amended soil were determined, depending upon soil depth.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.588-592
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• 2015

Soil testing is one of the major strategies for establishing sustainable agricultural practice as it analyzes nutrient contents of soil and determines the amount of nutrients required for crop growth. Soil testing for the field cultivating regional major crops in Korea has been conducting by National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), provincial agricultural research & extension services and agriculture technology centers since 2000. 1,006,227 soil samples were analyzed and uploaded on Korean soil information system (http://soil.rda.go.kr) from 2003 to 2013. Soil pH has changed from 6.1 to 6.2. Organic matter (OM), available (Avail.) phosphate and exchangeable (Exch.) K have decreased from 24 to $23gkg^{-1}$, 541 to $399mgkg^{-1}$ and 0.90 to $0.72cmol_ckg^{-1}$ between 2003 and 2013, respectively. Especially, Exch. Ca contents decreased to $5.7cmol_ckg^{-1}$ in 2009 and increased to $6.2cmol_ckg^{-1}$ in 2013. Ratios of optimal ranges for cropping were 48% for pH, 22% for OM, 26% for Avail. phosphate, and 23, 16, 22% for Exch. K, Ca and Mg in 2013. Ratios of optimal ranges for pH increased and low ranges for OM, Avail. phosphate and Exch. K increased. Frequency distribution was 64% for pH 5.5~7.0, 65% for OM $10{\sim}30gkg^{-1}$, 48% for Avail. phosphate under $300mgkg^{-1}$ and 23, 29, 22% for Exch. K 0.2~0.6, Ca 4.0~6.0 and Mg $1.0{\sim}1.5cmol_ckg^{-1}$.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.482-486
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• 2013

Assessment of nutrient balance in region unit is important to make a decision on nutrient management in agriculture. In this study, the nutrient demand in arable land and nutrient supply from livestock manure and chemical fertilizer were estimated from pig-concentrated areas. Three regions (H, I and J) were selected on the basis of pig numbers per unit area of arable land. In H and I regions, nitrogen amount from pig manure occupied about 50% of total livestock manure. Nutrient supply was three times higher compared to the nutrient demand in each of 3 regions. Soil available phosphate of higher pig-populated area in regional unit was higher than less populated livestock area. Therefore, livestock manure-derived regional management and monitoring of soil nutrient contents is necessary for the minimization and improvement of nutrient surplus.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1976

The lecturer pointed the agriculture in change brought about population bomb and economic development, and he appealed the scientists of soil and fertilizer to make proposals for establishing their constructive attitudes toward the situations of agriculture. The points emphasised by the lecturer for the improvement of future food situation were: fox example the elucidation of the ancient agricultural technology of Korea which is a important attempt for development of agricultural technology of Korea and Japan, and soil improvement with special attention to the efficiencies of phosphate, silicate, cations and trace elements. He showed some Japanese examples of natural pollution as both of a sufferer and an assailant of agriculture which are resulted from the high economic development, and some methods of solution, for example active application of legumes capable for fixing atmospheric nitrogen to wasted soils. He also pointed the need of lower consumption of energy and resources, and new understanding of wild plant species for the future agriculture. Some methods of other fields of sciences were emphasised for developing the soil and fertilizer researches.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2004

이화학적 특성이 다른 4가지의 밭토양에 대한 규산질 비료를 처리하여 토양의 유효규산 함량과 pH 변화에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 토양의 이화학적 특성과 기존 유효규산 함량에 상관없이 토양 유효규산 함량은 규산질 비료 시용량에 비례하여 증가하였다. 규산질 비료의 유효화 정도는 토양마다 차이가 있었으며 최저 9.1%에서 최고 19.2% 정도의 비율을 나타냈다. 규산질 비료 100 kg/10a 수준의 처리는 용탈 등으로 제거되지 않는 한 10 cm 질이 표토에 평균적으로 100 mg/kg 정도의 유효규산을 공급할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 퇴비 혼합처리는 토양 유효규산 함량 증가에 큰 영향을 미치지 못했으며, 석회 처리는 유효규산 함량을 다소 증가시켰다. 토양 pH 변화는 모든 토양에서 규산질 비료 시비량에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 규산질 비료 100 kg/10a 처리로 토양 pH를 $0.1{\sim}0.2$ 단위 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 산성 토양의 경우에는 규산질 비료의 시용과는 별도로 pH 교정을 위해 석회비료를 시용해야 할 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2018

Environmental pollution with arsenic (As) in croplands causes agricultural and health problems worldwide. Rice is an important crop in South Korea, and many studies have evaluated the relationship between As and glutathione (GSH) to alleviate As uptake from the soil into plants. However, information about the relationship between As and ascorbate (AsA) in rice seedlings is still limited with regard to As phytotoxicity. We therefore investigated changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant levels in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv 'Dasan') seedlings with toxic As and/or AsA application. The exposure of rice seedlings to $15{\mu}M$ As inhibited plant growth and resulted in increased contents of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde, and induced As uptake by the roots and leaves. Application of AsA to As-exposed seedlings ameliorated As-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the capacity of AsA-GSH cycle in applied plants and increasing As transfer from the roots to leaves. These results suggest that AsA application alleviated As-induced oxidative damage by maintaining sufficient levels of AsA and GSH.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swine liquid manure(SLM) and phosphorus fertilizer from September, 1998 to July, 1999 on the soil fertility on Italian ryegrass field, Cheju volcanic ash soil. pH(lst investigated), Mg (2nd investigated) and Cu content (2nd investigated) on soil grown by Italian ryegrass were significantly increased by an increase of fertilizer P(P

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2014

We have five soil series of pan soils in South Korea out of 391 series: Gangreung, Bugog, Yeongog, Jangweon, and Pogog. Productivity decreases in pan soils as pan horizons impede percolation and capillary rise of water and interrupt root extension. This study was performed to investigate pedogenic processes of pan soils mainly located in footslope and river terrace by analyzing physicochemical properties and soil micro-morphology. Korean pan soils belong to Alfisols, Ultisols, or Inceptisols and have udic or aquic soil moisture regime, mesic temperature regime, and mixed mineral substances. Texture of pan horizons selected for the present study was mainly silty clay loam with clay contents ranging from 26.3 to 45.3%. Bulk density of the pan horizons ranged from 1.4 to $2.1Mg\;m^{-3}$ and their soil structure were subangular or angular structure. In terms of micro-morphological structure, Bt horizon of Gangreung series was formed as platy and striated b-fabric structure possibly affected by uplift of coastal terrace following clay sedimentation by flood. Jangweon series showed micro-morphology of massive structure and crystallic b-fabric as macropores between coarse debris established by debris fall in slope were filled with silt-sized particles. The Bt horizons having massive structure and striated b-fabric in Yeongog, Pogog, and Bugog series implies that those horizons experienced horizontal mass flow after clay accumulation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.588-597
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• 2017

Food waste has been recognized as a critical problem in Korea and many research was conducted to efficiently reutilize or treat food waste. Main purpose of this research was to evaluate a feasibility for producing fermented organic fertilizer with mixture of earthworm cast (EC). Four different treatments were mixed with food waste and EC at the rate of 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. Total days of composting experiment were 84 days and each sub samples were collected at every 7 days from starting of composting. Results showed that inner temperature in composting was increased to $70{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ within 5~10 days depending on mixing ratio of EC. Among different treatment, the highest increase of inner temperature was observed in treatment mixed with food waste and EC 30%. After finishing composting experiment, maturity was evaluated with solvita and germination test. Maturity index (MI) of each treatment was ranged between 5~7 indicating that manufactured fertilizer was curing or finished stage. Calculated germination index (GI) was at the range of 104~116 depending on mixing ratio of EC. Both MI and GI showed that manufactured fertilizer was suitable for fertilizer criteria while control (FW only) was not adequate for composting. Overall, earthworm cast can be utilized for improving compost maturity by mixing with food waste and more research should be conducted to make high quality of food waste compost with earthworm cast in agricultural fields.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2017

Environmental toxicity due to cadmium (Cd) pollution in croplands causes critical problems worldwide. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in Asia, including South Korea, and numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between Cd and antioxidants to alleviate Cd uptake from the soil into plants. However, information about the relationship between phosphorus (P) and antioxidants in rice seedlings is still limited with regard to Cd phytotoxicity. We therefore investigated the physiological responses of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv 'Dongjin') seedlings to Cd toxicity and the effect of P application on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant changes. The exposure of rice seedlings to $30{\mu}M$ Cd inhibited plant growth; increased the contents of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde; and induced Cd uptake by the roots and leaves. Application of P to Cd-exposed seedlings decreased Cd-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the capacity of ascorbate (AsA) production and ROS-scavenging, and decreased Cd transfer from the roots to the leaves. These results suggest that P application alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition and oxidative damage by restricting Cd translocation from the roots to the leaves and maintaining sufficient levels of AsA.