• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2011

Urea intercalated into montmorillonite (MT) exhibits remarkably enhanced N use efficiency, maintaining its fast effectiveness. This study dealt with the release property of urea from metal-urea-clay hybrid with MT (MUCH) under continuous-flow conditions and the cumulative impacts of its successive application on physicochemical properties of soils. Releases of urea were completed within 4 hrs under continuous-flow condition regardless of the types and the leaching solutions. However, urea release property was significantly affected by both the form of fertilizer and the presence of electrolytes in solution. The fast release property of urea from MUCH in continuous-flow condition was not significantly affected by soil properties such as soil pH and soil texture. In addition, its successive application did not lead to any noticeable change in soil physicochemical properties, water stable aggregate rate, water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity in both sandy loam and clay loam soils. Therefore, this study strongly supported that urea intercalated into MT could be applied as fast-effective N fertilizer, in particular for additional N supply.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1983

토양수분조건에 따른 시비반응을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 본량(本良) 사양토(砂壤土)에서 토양수분처리($M_0$무관수, $M_1$-0.1~-1.0bar, $M_2$-0.1bar~-0.5bar, $M_3$-0.1~-0.2bar)와 시비수준(施肥水準)(N-P-Kkg/10a, 0-0-0, 11.5-10-12.5, 23-20-25, 34.5-30-37.5)을 달리하여 봄배추의 생육상태(生育狀態), 물소모량(消耗量), 양분흡수량, 비료이용율(肥料利用率), 수량 등을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 20cm 깊이에서 토양수분 Potential이 -2.0bar 이하(以下)일 때 물소모량은 감소(減少)하였고 비료(肥料)에 의(依)한 생장량(生長量)의 증가는 없었다. 2) 배추의 양분흡수량(養分吸收量)은 시비량(施肥量)의 증가에 따라 토양수분 Potential이 낮을 때는 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었고, 토양수분 Potential이 높을 때는 증가하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 3) 질소(窒素)와 가리(加里)의 이용율(利用率)은 토양수분 Potential과 시비수준(施肥水準)이 정비례관계(正比例關係)에 있어야 이용율(利用率)이 증대되었다. 4) 봄배추의 수량(收量)은 토양수분 Potential이 낮을 때에는 시비량(施肥量)을 증가시켜도 증수가 없었으며, 토양수분 Potential이 높을 때에는 각(各) 시비수준(施肥水準) 공(共)히 증수효과(增收效果)가 있었고 그 효과(效果)는 다비수준(多肥水準)에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 5) 토양수분 Potential을 높게 유지(維持)시킬 경우(境遇)에는, 시비량(施肥量)을 증가시킴에 따라 봄배추 수량(收量)이 거의 직선적(直線的)인 증가경향을 보여, 최대수량을 낼 수 있는 비료요구량(肥料要求量)이 크게 증가되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권Spc호
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• pp.1-3
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• 2009

은나노입자는 살균 효과 때문에 농업현장에서 사용되고 있다. 그러나 은나노입자가 토질에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직 많은 정보가 없다. 그러므로 비료가 처리 되었을 때 특히 토양에 은나노입자를 처리한 효과에 대한 검증이 반드시 필요하다. 가리계 비료를 모의 실험하기 위해서 토양에 염화가리를 은나노입자와 함께 처리하였다. 은과 염소의 농도는 처리 후 78 내지 84% 그리고 kg 당 3.4 mg 정도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 은나노입자와 염화가리를 혼합하였을 때 미생물의 숫자가 증가하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 비료시용은 토양에서 은나노입자의 살생물 효과에 영향을 미친다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

Winter crops have been recognized as an alternative to soil management for fertility and crop productivity in paddy soil. Recently, rape has been produced at winter season and there is little research results on reduction of N fertilizer by adding rape residues for rice cultivation. In this study, we investigated the productivity and quality of rice by applying with 0, 27, 63, $90kg\;ha^{-1}$ of N fertilizer after input of rape residues into soil for two years. The highest yield of rice was average $4.68Mg\;ha^{-1}$ at the treatment applied with the $90kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ with rape residue. It was reduced to N rate from 31.6 to $43.2kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in comparison to $4.53Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of maximum yield in treatment added $90kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ with rape. Amylose content in rice was similar among treatments with/without rape residue, but protein content was lower in treatment with rape residue than in those without rape residue. In conclusion, input of rape residue in rice cultivation could be alternative to reduction of N fertilization and improvement of quality by adjusting rice productivity in paddy soil under cropping system.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.558-562
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• 2014

Cover cropping and liquid manure application are considered as effective ways to replace the use of chemical fertilizer in orchard. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cover crop species and liquid manure application rate on green manure production, leaf mineral content, fruit quality and soil chemical properties in pear orchard. The treatments include rye and hairy vetch as cover crops, two liquid manure application levels based on N and $K_2O$ requirement on each cover crop species, and chemical fertilizer as control. Green manure production was higher in hairy vetch than in rye. K content of pear leaves and soil exchangeable K content increased in N based liquid manure application treatments. The yield was higher in rye + liquid manure and fertilizer treatments, and fruit quality was not different between the treatments. Taking all of these into account, rye + $K_2O$ requirement-based liquid manure application is recommended in pear orchard for not only sufficient nutrient supply but also prevention of any problem related with soil $K_2O$ accumulation in pear orchard in long-term perspective.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-31
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• 1973

Upon the assumption that the available components in the soil evaluated by present analytical procedures, are as effective as the components applied to the soil as fertilizer, some formulas for the calculation of fertilizer requirements (F. R) for crops are suggested. Basically, the formulas are derived by combining the country average values of soil test data(${\overline{ST}}$) and of the optimum rate of fertilizers (ORF) for crops obtained from N.P.K. trials in farmer's field, as following. $$F.R(kg/10a)={\overline{ST}}(kg/10a)+ORFkg/10a-ST(kg/10a)$$ where, ST denotes the available components tested in the soil under question. Although this formula can be used both for P and K fertilizers, considering the significance of the potassium saturation rate of the soil for the availability of K, for the calculation of K fertilizer requirement, following formula is suggested. $$F.R(kg/10a)=(C.E.C.{\times}B.S.R.K.-KST(me/100g){\times}CF$$ where, B. S. R. K. is the basic potassium saturation rate of the soil and CF is conversion factor for the conversion of K me/100g into $K_2O$ kg/10a. The B. S. R. K. for different crops are obtained from the country average values of soil exchangeable K (${\overline{KST}}$), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the optimum rates of K fertilizers for crops (ORF $K_2O$). $$B.S.R.K.=\frac{{\overline{KST}}{\times}CF+ORF(K_2O)}{CEC{\times}CF}$$ Using these formulas, equations for P and K fertilizer requirements for rice, barley, wheat, corn, italian millet, soy bean, sweet potato, potato and rape are derived.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.773-778
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• 2011

Long-term continuous application of livestock by-products to agricultural land may adversely affect the soil characteristics and the crop yield. Five year term study from 2007 was carried out to assess the effects of repeated application of low-concentration swine slurry on soil chemical properties including phosphate and heavy metal contents and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a greenhouse. Treatments were conventional chemical fertilizers and three application rates of low-concentration swine slurry (Slurry composting and biofiltration, SCB): 50%, 100%, and 200% of recommended nitrogen fertilization. For swine slurry treatment of 50% nitrogen, deficient nitrogen was supplemented with urea fertilizer. The soil phosphorus and heavy metal contents after five year continuous application of swine slurry were not significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer use. Repeated application of the swine slurry alone for five years resulted in relatively high soil exchangeable potassium and sodium compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Contents of heavy metals in leaves of tomato and cucumber did not show significant difference among treatments. Yields of the crops for the swine slurry were not significantly different from that of chemical fertilizer. The results imply that continuous application of the swine slurry may not influence levels of soil phosphate and trace elements in greenhouse soils but could accumulate potassium and sodium in the soil.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2009

Pig slurry is a good soil amendment not only because of its high organic matter content, but also because of its ability to provide various nutrients. The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of raw and processed pig slurry application on pot soil over chemical fertilizer and non-amended control soil. Change in the chemical parameters (pH, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), macro and micronutrients) and microbial mass of the treated soils were monitored over 30 to 90 days. Pot soil was treated with the recommended dose of pig slurry and chemical fertilizer, and was sampled after 30, 60 and 90 days of incubation. The least significanct difference (p<0.05) was observed on Fe, Cu, Zn, available P and K between treatments. All treatments increased N, P and K content and microbial mass of soil over control soil. Interestingly, no significant effects were detected on OM, OC, total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi mass in soil irrespective of treatments given. However fungal and bacterial counts, as well as available nutrients, were found to be higher in processed slurry (PS)-treated soil compared to other soils. In general a significant correlation existed between the fungal count and OM, OC, Zn, T Kjeldahl N (TKN), available P and K of soil. A strong negative correlation was observed between pH and Fe in soil. This study clearly demonstrated that the use of processed manure as a fertilizer could be a key for sustainable livestock agriculture.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2015

The chemical properties of paddy fields in Gyeonggi province were monitored every 4 years from 1999 to 2015 in order to provide basic information for soil fertility management of paddy fields. In 2015, the soil chemical properties of paddy fields were 5.9 in pH, $23g\;kg^{-1}$ in organic matter (OM), and $84mg\;kg^{-1}$ in available phosphate (Avail. $P_2O_5$). Exchangeable (Exch.) potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were 0.30, 5.1 and $1.3cmol_ckg^{-1}$, respectively, and available silicate (Avail. $SiO_2$) was $129mg\;kg^{-1}$. In the long-term analysis, the contents of Avail. $SiO_2$, Exch. Ca and pH of paddy soils showed increasing tendency. However, Avail. $P_2O_5$ and Exch. K tended to decrease, and there were no significant changes in the contents of OM and Exch. Mg. Paddy soil within appropriate pH range increased from 44% in 1999 to 76% in 2003, 84% in 2007, 63% in 2011, and 80% in 2015. But soil within appropriate range of Exch. Ca tended to decrease, showing 36% in 1999, 42% in 2003, 38% in 2007, 37% in 2011 and 32% in 2015. In case of Avail. $SiO_2$, soil within appropriate range increased from 14% in 1999 to 17% in 2003, 18% in 2007, 16% in 2011, and 31% in 2015. As a result, paddy fields with less in nutrient level need to be more fertilized based on soil analysis. And the application of silicate fertilizer is strongly recommended to those of paddy fields in need. Also soil management such as the cultivation of green manure crop or application of rice straw will be necessary to increase the organic matter content of paddy soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권별호
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• pp.178-194
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• 2009