• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1989

In the vinyl house cultivation, the water consumption, evapotnanspirafion ratio, growth condifion by the growing stages and yields of tomato and cucumber were investigated when they cultivated by nutriculture, rice hull charcoal culture and NFF culture. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The mean air temperature in the vinyl house during the experimental perica j was 1.9$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor air temperature, the rrnocirnum and minimum air temperature in the vinyl house was 4.6C and 1.7$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor temperature, respectively, and the mean daily evaporation in the vinyl house during the experimental period was 4.3rnm that is 02rnrn more than the outdoor evaporation 2. In the tomato cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best among the three methods, and the growth of NFT culture and nutriculture were worse than the soil cultivation which is standard, and among the nutriculture, the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the best. 3. In the cucumber cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best, and while the growth condition of NFT culture was worse than the standard soil cultivation, the growth of nutriculture was better than the standard soil cultivation, and the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest among the different treatments in the nutriculture. 4. In the tomato cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture plot was 1107.5rnm which is the highest amount among the three methods, and in the nutriculture, the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 22lAmm which is the highest among the three different treatments. 5. In the cucumber cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture was 11762rnm which is the highest, and the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 284.9rnm which is more than the 278.9mm of EC 1.Smmho plot and 262.9mm of EC 1.7rnmho plot. 6. The crop coefficient(Kc) of tomato was 0.82 in NFT culture, 4.67 in rice hull charcoar culture and 0.86~0.91 in nutriculture. 7. The crop coefficient(Kc) of cucumber was higher than tomato as 1.13 in NFT culture, 520 in rice hull charcoal culture and 1.08~1.19 in nutriculture. 8. The evapotranspiration ratio in the mid and late season were higher than the beginning and elongation stage, and the average evaportranspiration ratio of tomato and cucumber was 3.81 and 424, respectively, in the rice hull charcoal culture plot. 9. In the tomato cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice bull charcoal culture was 1443.Og which is the highest, and in the nutriculture, their yields were worse because of the damage of downy nidew disease. 10. In the cucumber cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice hull charcoal culture was 1965.7g which is the highest, and while the yield of NFT culture was ahout 25% lower than the stadard soil cultivation, the yield of nutriculture was higher than the standard soil cultivation, and among the treatments in the nutriculture, the yield of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 2014

Sediment and nutrient loading caused by the forest to conversion of agricultural lands have led to the deterioration in near water ecosystem. This study was carried out to examine the effects of agroforest culture field and open field culture field on water quality and runoff loading of nutrient. The runoff loading of Tot-N and Tot-P in agroforest culture field were similar to open field culture field. The runoff loading of total suspended solids (TSS) in agroforest culture field and open field culture field were $2,721kg{\pm}196/10a$ and $420{\pm}29kg/10a$ in 2011 and $696kg{\pm}59/10a$ and $463{\pm}36kg/10a$ in 2012, respectively. Our investigation showed that the runoff loading of TSS from agroforest culture field decreased when soil cover and soil stabilization increased. Therefore, protect facility of soil erosion for early alteration of agricultural lands are needed to minimize the soil erosion from agroforest culture field.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.510-517
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze microbial hazards for cultivation environments and personal hygiene of strawberry and tomato farms at the growth and harvesting stage. Samples were collected from thirty strawberry farms and forty tomato farms located in Korea and tested for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. To investigate the change in the distribution of the S. aureus and B. cereus, a total of 4,284 samples including air born, soil or medium, mulching film, harvest basket, groves and irrigation water etc. were collected from eight strawberry farms and nine tomato farms for one year. As a result, total S. aureus and B. cereus in all samples were detected. Among the total bacteria of strawberry farms, S. aureus (glove: $0{\sim}2.1Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}3.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~4.1 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}3.8Log\;CFU/100cm^2$), B. cereus (glove: $0{\sim}2.8Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}4.8Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~5.3 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}4.5Log\;CFU/100cm^2$) were detected in all samples. The total bacteria of tomato farms, S. aureus (glove: $0{\sim}4.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}5.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~6.1 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}4.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$), B. cereus (glove: $0{\sim}4.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}4.3Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~5.9 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}4.7Log\;CFU/100cm^2$) were detected in all samples. The contamination of S. aureus and B. cereus were detected in soil, mulching film and harvest basket from planting until harvest to processing, with the highest count recorded from the soil. But S. aureus and B. cereus were not detected in irrigation water samples. The incidence of S. aureus and B. cereus in hydroponics culture farm were less than those in soil culture. The amount of S. aureus and B. cereus detected in strawberry and tomato farms were less than the minimum amount required to produce a toxin that induces food poisoning. In this way, the degree of contamination of food poisoning bacteria was lower in the production environment of the Korea strawberry and tomato, but problems can be caused by post-harvest management method. These results will be used as fundamental data to create a manual for sanitary agricultural environment management, and post-harvest management should be performed to reduce the contamination of hazardous microorganisms.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of root zone restriction on yield and quality of muskmelon. Three cultivation methods, isolated bench, root zone restriction sheet(RZR sheet) and conventional soil culture, were compared from April 19th to July 17th. Soil temperature was higher at isolated bench and the growth of melon was accelerated at isolated bench compared to soil culture or RZR sheet. Fruit size was bigger in order of soil culture, isolated bench and RZR sheet, while sugar content and net shape were greatest at isolated bench, and the percentage of wilted plant was 3.3% at isolated bench, 25.0% at RZR sheet and 26.7% at soil culture. Therefore, marketable yield was higher at isolated bench compared to conventional soil culture.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2011

The cultivated potato as well as its tuber-bearing relatives are considered model plants for cell and tissue culture, and therefore for exploiting the genetic variation induced by in vitro culture. The association between molecular stability and tissue culture in different genetic backgrounds and ploidy levels has already been explored. However, it still remains to be ascertained whether somaclonal variation differs between callus-derived chromosome-doubled and undoubled regenerants. Our research aimed at investigating, through amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, the genetic changes in marker-banding patterns of diploid and tetraploid regenerants obtained from one clone each of Solanum bulbocastanum Dunal and S. cardiophyllum Lindl (both 2n = 2x = 24) and tetraploids from cultivated S. tuberosum L. (2n = 4x = 48). Pairwise comparisons between the banding patterns of regenerants and parents allowed detecting considerable changes associated to in vitro culture both at diploid and tetraploid level. The percentages of polymorphic bands between diploid and tetraploid regenerants were, respectively, 57 and 69% in S. bulbocastanum and 58 and 63% in S. cardiophyllum. On average, the frequencies of lost parental fragments in regenerants were significantly higher than novel bands both in S. bulbocastanum (48 vs. 22%) and S. tuberosum (36 vs. 18%) regenerants. By contrast, in S. cardiophyllum, a similar incidence of the two events was detected (32 vs. 29%). Our results revealed that structural changes after tissue culture process strongly affected the genome of the species studied, but diploid and tetraploids regenerated plants responded equally.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

63 strains of Aspergillus section Fumigati were isolated from 17 samples of arable soil in a central province of Korea. Based on the results of genotypic and phenotypic analyses, they were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. lentulus, Neosartorya coreana, N. fennelliae, N. fischeri, N. glabra, N. hiratsukae, N. laciniosa, N. pseudofischeri, N. quadricincta, N. spinosa and N. udagawae. Among these, N. fennelliae, N. hiratsukae, N. quadricincta, and N. udagawae had not been previously recorded in Korea. The diversity of Aspergillus section Fumigati species from arable soil in Korea is also addressed.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1995

Ditylenchus destructor isolated from diseased ginseng roots was cultured on ginseng calli, fungal mycelium (Fusarium solani), carrot discs and radish sprouts. Effects of temperature, organic material and flooding on the nematode population changes were examined. D. destructor multiplied readily on the culture media except radish sprout medium, and was cultured best on the fungal culture at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Feeding of the fungal hypha and radish root hairs, molting and mating in the fungal culture medium were observed. Addition of organic materials (perilla, sesame, soybean and ginseng leaves) in soil significantly increased Aphelenchus avenae and saprophytic nematode populations, while D. destructor populations changed little and the nematode population growths were limited by the organic amendments (except sesame leaves). The nematode populations in soil including D. destructor were decreased by flooding. The results indicate that D. destructor may survive but not multiply readily in soil without host plants and that it can be effectively controlled by flooding.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.154-162
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• 2001

This study was performed to examine the rice growth and nutrient change in paddy soil with reclaimed sewage irrigation. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the experimental system were analyzed before and after rice culture. The experiment lasted three consecutive years, and this paper presents results of the last year. Additional supply of nutrients to the rice culture by reclaimed sewage irrigation was significant and it increased the yield. Nutrient uptake by rice plant increased with more nutrient supplied, however. there was limit in plant uptake. Nutrient accumulation occurred in the soil and it was more apparent for the phosphorus where most of the remaining quantity was accumulated while substantial amount of nitrogen was lost during the growing season. This study suggested that additional nutrient supply by reclaimed sewage irrigation might be a supplemental benefit to the rice culture, and it can help the fertilization management. However, long term effects of continual reclaimed sewage irrigation should be assessed carefully including nutrient mass balance in the paddy rice culture system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of soil condition that previous crop cultivated after [TO: Soil of corn cultivated, T1 : Soil of rye monoculture cultivated(l50kg/ha), T2 : Soil of mixedculture cultivated(Rye : Red clover = 120 : 3koa). T3 : Soil of mixed-culture cultivated(Rye : Red clover = 90 : 6kg/ ha), T4 : Soil of mixedculture cultivated(Rye : Red clover = 60 : 9kg/ha), T5 : Soil of mixedculture cultivated (Rye: Red clover = 30 : 12kg/ha), T6 : Soil of red clover monoculture cultivated(l5kgha)) on the growth characteristics and nutrient yield of silage corn. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The plant length of silage corn was high in order of T6>T5>T4 treatment. In the leaf length, T5 and T6 treatment showed short compared to the other treatments, but they were wider than the other treatments in leaf width. In the number of leaf, T6 treatment was the highest as 14 leaves per plant, while T1 treatment showed lower than the other treatments as 12.6 leaves per plant. 2. In the stem hardness, ear length, ear width and ear full degree, soil treatment of red clover mono-culture cultivation(T6) showed higher than the other treatment as 5.1 1kg/$cm^2$, 20.8~~1, 7.7cm and 97%. respectively (P<0.01, 0.05). Ihe leaf of summer depression did not many occurrence, but T6 treatment was lower than the other treatment as 0.8 leaf per plant. 3. ADF and NDF composition were not affected by soil condition. Crude protein composition of T6 treatment was the highest as 7.8%. while TI treatment was the lowest as 6.9%. Fresh weight yield(59,083kg/ha), dry matter yield(21,743kg/ha), crude protein yield(l,369kg/ha) and TDN yield(15,800kg/ha) at T6 treatment were much more increased by 41.9, 47.5, 57.4 and 49% than TI treatment(39,410, 14,259, 827 and 10,056kg/ha).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

Naphthalene-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa CZ6 isolated from contaminated soil can adhere to crystal naphthalene and produce extracellular polymeric substance. LB, YM and MSM medium were used as culture mediums to investigate the formation of biofilm. Biofilm was developed the most in LB medium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa CZ6. In the culture, strain CZ6 growth was rarely affected by naphthalene concentration. Optimal culture condition was $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7 at 0.10% substrate and 150 rpm shaking. The effect of culture medium on naphthalene degradation in the two soil slurry system was evaluated. The initial degradation rate of naphthalene was highest in the MSM medium of soil slurry. However, the sorbed naphthalene was rapidly degraded at the LB medium when naphthalene availability in liquid was limited. The results of this study suggest that biofilm formation and extracellular polymeric substance production increased bioavailability of soil sorbed naphthalene.