• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

In order to evaluate the effect of various organic soil conditioner ratios on the soil moisture content and growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis, a container type for wall-planting experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Konkuk University under non-irrigation. The experimental planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios ($A_1L_0$, $A_8L_1$, $A_4L_1$ $A_2L_1$ and $A_1L_1$), and a drought-tolerant ornamental variety of Cotoneaster horizontalis was planted. The change in soil moisture content, plant height, number of branches, number of dead leaves, number of leaves, number of shoots, length of node, length of leaf, width of leaf, root-collar caliper, chlorophyll content, and survival rate were investigated, from April to Jun 2010. The results of soil moisture content measurements were analyzed with weight units in the container type for wall-planting during the dry summer season. The soil moisture contents were significantly enhanced in the container type for wall-planting in increasing order as the amount of soil conditioner level was increased ($A_1L_1$ > $A_2L_1$ > $A_4L_1$ > $A_8L_1$ > $A_1L_0$). Compared to the control treatment application (amended soil with 100% + organic soil conditioner 0%), the highest plant growth was observed in the treatment of $A_1L_1$ application (amended soil with 50% + organic soil conditioner 50%). However, the differences between the organic soil conditioner ratio treatments of $A_1L_1$, $A_4L_1$, and $A_8L_1$ organic soil conditioner application were mostly not significant. The survival rate increased with the increasing application of organic soil conditioner, but in the control treatment application all the plants died. The experimental results from clearly demonstrated that the organic soil conditioner improved the survival rate more than the growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis. Therefore, Cotoneaster horizontalis is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for green wall systems, when considered for us in integration system or for increasing soil water contents in planting grounds.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1299-1305
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• 2014

For evaluating the effect of various artificial planting soil properties on the Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' growth, a container green wall system experiment was conducted in a wall of greenhouse at Konkuk University, Glocal campus. The experimental artificial planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios (Control, $A_4O_1$, $A_2O_1$ and $A_1O_1$) and with drought tolerance and an ornamental value Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' was planted. The soil and plant characteristics were investigated from April to Jun 2010. The volumetric soil moisture contents were significantly increasing order as the amount of organic soil conditioner level increased in order to $A_1O_1$ > $A_2O_1$ > $A_4O_1$ > Control. At 4 treatment, soil chemical properties were inversely related to organic soil container ratios increase. The differences of root collar caliper, number of branch, and survival rate between the organic soil conditioner ratio were not significantly affected by organic soil conditioner. But, plant height, internode length, leaf length and leaf width were significantly shorter on plants planted $A_1O_1$ than plants planted other treatments. Therefore, Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' had good growth response regardless of organic soil conditioner ratio and the plant is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for the green wall system if it should be considered in integration with stormwater retention or as a soil conditioner for increasing soil water contents in artificial planting soil.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

본 연구는 목재부후균을 이용한 토양개량제를 개발하고자 리그닌 분해 우수균으로 선발된 SJ-28 균주의 처리가 상추재배에 미치는 효과를 조사하여 비교하였다. 시판 유기질퇴비에 균처리를 실시하여 상추를 재배하였다. Control 구에서의 총 중량이 약 2434 g인데 비해 균처리 토양개량제 처리구(FPG)에서는 총 중량이 약 4425 g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 FPG 처리구에서 토양에 유익한 방선균의 수가 많은 증가를 보였고 사상균의 수도 증가하였다. 반면 유익하지 않은 세균의 수도 FPG 처리구에서 가장 많은 감소를 나타내었다. 선발균 SJ-28 처리구에서 효과가 우수하게 나타나 토양개량제로서의 가능성을 보여 주었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1993

Much attention has been given recently to solve the environmental contamination in golf courses Changing to culture practice rather than chemical practice that depends on pesticides and fertilizers is a hot issue in golf courses or grasslands. Organic soil conditioners improve soil-plant envirormental conditions rich in physical properties. In this study, measuring systems to evaluate soil conditioning effects were set up for on-site purpose. After establishing the methodology for evaluating soil conditioner effects, 2 kinds of organic conditioners were rested for examination. The systems for the methodology included a set of simulating equipment for field capacity, an impact type soil column compactor, and an infiltration-percolation system. Test results using the systems showed bulk density and infiltration rate of mixed soil were decreased at highter rates of conditioner, but total porocities were increased. Increased porocities were most capillary pore space which has a positive effect on soil water potential. The systems and methodology in this study seem to have an efficiency to measure the effects of soil conditioner on site purpose.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2002

The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of serpentine as a new soil conditioner for growth of turfgrass. To achieve the goal, pure sand or mixtures of sand and serpentine with various ratios were tested for soil physical properties and the growth effects of perennial ryegrass and zoysiagrass growth were compared. Major results of this research are summarized as follows; 1) Hydraulic conductivity of 10~30% serpentine mixtures were observed within the range of 1010~901mm/h which is good for USGA recommendation. Experimental results of pH and EC for various mixtures indicated that the 10% serpentine mixture was the most suitable for turfgrass growth. 2) Perennial ryegass treated with 10% serpentine mixture showed the highest visual quality(p<0.01) among all treatments. And serpentine treatment was more effective to improve visual quality of perennial ryegrass than that of zoysiagrass. The treatment of 10% serpentine had better visual qualities than that of 20% in both of zoysiagrass and perennial ryegrass. Treatment with the right amount of serpentine extends green period for one to two weeks during early winter in both zoysiagrass and perennial ryegrass. 3) In perennial ryegrass, the treatment of 10% serpentine resulted in an increase of total dry weight compare with those of zeolite or barley stone, and also dramatically promoted the dry weight by 15% compared with sand 100%(control). Total dry weight of zoysiagrass treated with 10% serpentine was 9％ higher than that of san. These results indicated that serpentine can be a good soil conditioner for both zoysiagrass and perennial ryegrass when it is blended with sand within a range of 10 to 20% by volume.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 1995

사토, 사양토, 양토, 식양토의 4개 토양에 Polyvinyalcohol(PVA), Polyacrylamide(PAM) 및 Bitumen을 분무처리하여 토양의 입단형성과 수분특성에 미친 영향을 조사하였으며 한편, Pot 재배 시험을 통하여 PAM 처리가 상추의 발아율과 생육에 미친 효과를 검토하였다. 2mm 이상의 입단함량(粒團含量)은 Soil conditioner를 처리하지 않은 토양에서 사토 0%, 사양토 45%, 양토 80%, 식양토 90%이었고 PVA, PAM 및 Bitumen의 처치에 의해서는 사도 20~52%, 사양토 55~76% 범위로 증가되었으나 양토와 식양토에서는 변화가 적었다. Soil conditioner 처리에 의해 내수성(耐水性) 입단(粒團)이 증가되었고 입단의 불안정성(不安定性)은 감소되었다. 토양(土壤)의 습윤각(濕潤角)은 PAV와 PAM 처리에서는 거의 변화가 없었으나 Bitumen 처리에 의해서는 무처리토양과 비교하여 크게 높아져서 소수성이 증가되었다. 침수성과 흡수성은 Bitumen 처리에 의해 모든 토성에서 물의 이동이 나타나지 않았으며 PVA와 PAM 처리에 의해서는 사토를 제외할 토성에서는 큰 변화가 없었다. PAM 처리에 의하여 상추의 발아율. 뿌리무게와 지상부 건물중이 무처리에 비해 크게 증가되고 그 효과는 사양토와 미사질양토에 비하여 사토에서 매우 컸는데 이는 PAM 처리에 의해 토양의 보수력과 기상비율이 함께 증가되어 상추생육을 촉진한 결과로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2008

토양개량방법의 하나로서 다공성 소성 과립체를 토양에 사용하는 방법을 적용하고자 하였다. 석탄폐석을 토양개량제의 원료로 사용하면 자열소성방법에 의해 저비용으로 과립체를 생산할 수 있고, 더불어 국내에 대량으로 적치되어 있는 석탄폐석을 활용할 수 있는 방안도 될 것임을 착안하여, 석탄폐석을 분쇄, 과립하고 자열소성방법으로 소성하여 과립(pellet)을 제조한 후 이의 다공체로서의 특성과 수분보유특성, pH등을 확인하였다. 고정탄소량이 약 28%인 시료 HCR을 고령토와 1:4의 무게비(20%)로 혼합하여 제조한 과립과 고정탄소가 약 9.66%인 LCR시료만을 사용한 과립을 자열소성한 결과, 별도의 가열에너지의 공급 없이 최대온도 $1200^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 연속적인 소성이 가능하였다. 이렇게제조한 과립체를 고령토만 사용하여 제조한 일반 소성 점토과립과 비교하였을 때 평균공극의 크기가 커졌음이 확인되었다. 이렇게 변화된 공극의 특성으로 인해 HCR과 LCR 과립의 내부에 흡수된 수분이 kaolin 과립에 비해 더 낮은 potential에서 방출되었고, 식물이 더 이용하기 쉬운 상태로 수분이 보유됨을 확인하였다. 그리고 자열소성한 과립은 kaolin 과립에 비해 높은 포장용수량과 유효수분의 값을 나타내었다. 포장용수량은 HCR과 LCR 과립이 각각 47.64, 38.43mL/100g값을 나타내었고, 유효수분의 양은 각각 38.39과 28.49mL/100g으로 나타났다. 자열소성한 과립의 pH는 6~8로서 토양에 활용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1987

토양개량제(土壤改良劑)가 토양(土壤) 입단형성(粒團形成)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하고 토양(土壤) 입단(粒團)의 특성(特性)이 토양(土壤) 및 작물생육(作物生育)에 미치는 효과(效果)를 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 토양개량제(土壤改良劑) PAM 및 Bitumen 을 사양토(砂壤土) 및 미사질(微砂質) 식양토(埴壤土)에 각각(各各) 0.5%, 1%씩 처리(處理)하여 입단(粒團)의 안정성(安定性), 습윤각(濕潤角), 평균(平均) 중량직경(重量直徑), 통기성등(通氣性等)을 조사(調査)하고 토양개량제(土壤改良劑)를 미사질(微砂質) 식양토(埴壤土) pot에 각각(各各) 0.5%, 1%씩 표면(表面) 처리(處理)하여 대두(大豆) 생육(生育)과 토양(土壤) 특성(特性) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 토양개량제(土壤改良劑) PAM 및 Bitumen 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性)은 현저(顯著)히 증대(增大)되었으며 동일농도(同一濃度)에서 PAM은 사양토(砂壤土)에서 Bitumen은 미사질(微砂質) 식양토(埴壤土)에서 더 효과적(效果的) 이었다. 2. PAM 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 토양(土壤)의 습윤각(濕潤角)은 크게 변화(變化)되지 않았으나 Bitumen 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 토양(土壤)의 소수성(疎水性)은 크게 증대(增大)되었다. 3. PAM 및 Bitumen 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 통기성(通氣性) 및 수분(水分)의 침투속도(浸透速度)가 증대(增大)되고 수분함량(水分含量)이 많아졌다. 4. 대두(大豆)의 생육(生育)은 토양개량제(土壤改良劑) 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 무처리(無處理)보다 초기(初期) 생육(生育)이 양호(良好)하고 수량(收量)은 6-13% 증수(增收) 되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권별호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2009

• 대한화학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 1969

The adaptabilities of various nitrohumates (-K, -Na and $-NH_4$ salt) as a soil conditioner and a raw material for soluble phosphatic fertilizer were studied. 1. Nitrohumates (especially $-NH_4$ salt) protect the soil from fissures and control the phosphoric acid adsorptive functions of soils considerably. 2. Most effective nitrohumic acids as a soil conditioner were prepared with 15% $HNO_3$ solution composed of five times of original humic acids (by weight) at $80^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs under continuous stirring. 3. When 50% (by weight) of $NH_4$-nitrohumate were added to apatites in water and boiled for 2 hrs, maximum 26% of $P_2O_5$(apatite contains 37% of $P_2O_5$) were changed into water soluble forms.