• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 1996

The main purpose of this research project is to monitor the present state of agricultural environment and to develope the countermeasures for the protection of the environment from the pollution by animal wastes. The results of this research were described largely 3 parts, 1) Monitoring of present state of environmental pollution by animal wastes, 2) Monitoring of animal wastes treatment technology, 3) Strategies for the protection of environmental pollution from animal wastes in future. The current most important problems from animal wastes are water pollution and air pollution commonly regardless of domestic or foreign country. Especially, intensive livestocks breeding pattern in restricted area is actually a real reason of eutrophication, soil acidification, ground water contamination, irrigation water pollution. As a result from this research project, authors recommend the 3 type of strategies for the protection of environmental pollution by animal wastes, 1 . Development of non-discharge type of wastes treatment technology 2. Manufacturing local structure for animal waste recycling system 3. Development of new international environmental program for transfer bioresource and soil environment prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

This study was conducted to grasp the effect of afforestation of cut slope using coir blocks on the improvement of scenery and the management of non point pollution source. Total four experimental tanks such as general soil slope, coir blocks, installation slope, slope refilling the inside of coir blocks slope with pebble, slope refilling the inside of coir blocks with soil and plant were installed, pollution source water was supplied and the possibility of reduction management of non point pollution source was analyzed at four items of COD, SS, T-N, T-P and main results drawn from this study are as follows. In conclusion, biodegradable materials like coir blocks and soil and plant layers are judged to be helpful in reduction management of non point pollution source inflowing to water space from land area. Thus, the reduction of non point pollution source occurring at land area is thought to be fully controlled at the cut slope, the space prior to inflowing to water ecological space like a stream or a swamp area.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2011

In this study, the pollutants contained in water and soil samples taken from the explosive demolition site were examined to investigate the effects on environment, and management plan of non-point source pollution in the demolition site was suggested through characterizing the movement of the pollutant with time. As results, pH value of the water and soil samples after the demolition work was 8.5~9.3 which exceeds the Korean environmental criterion of water and soil range due to calcium hydroxide compounds in the concrete. The concentration level of heavy metals caused by the explosive demolition doesn't exceed the environmental criterion of water and soil doesn't exceed the environmental criterion of water and soil quality, and the influence of water and soil pollution on the environment was not considered. The concentration of the heavy metals was analyzed and that of Cr, Cu, Zn and Hg among the heavy metals increased after the drilling and explosive demolition. This says that concentration of the heavy metals during explosive demolition works needs to be monitored. The most pollutants with time or rain dilution into the demolition site decreased and this means that the pollutants caused by the explosive demolition might have influenced to vicinity of the demolition sites as non-point pollution.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.81-90
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• 2010

In this study, primary investigation for evaluation of abandoned metal mine effect on watershed has been done. 64 abandoned mines have been selected for primary investigation through literature and field survey. 216 soil and 90 water samples were collected and metal pollution concentrations were analyzed. 24 mines have mine water in the pits and acid water below pH 5 was not observed. Soils from 35 mines were over the soil basis of concern and 16 mines were over the soil basis of action. Arsenic average concentration was 188 times of average concentration of the natural background. Drinking water samples from 3 mines were over the drinking water standard and surface water samples from 12 mines were over the river water standard. Integrated pollution index, which was resulted from the integration of field survey, soil and water pollution concentration, showed that, abandoned metal mines had affected on watershed greatly in the order of Samgeum, Daedeok, Cheongdalgeum, Heungsin, Yeongdae and Myeongbong mines.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.165-174
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• 1999

This study was conducted to analyze the priority of environmental problems in Korea by investigating the environmental professionals' perception. The delphi technique was applied to identify their risk perception towards some specific items related with pollution. A standardized questionnaire on environmental problems and their priorities was used to 74 subjects. In the questionnaire, the environmental problems were divided into the general ones,9 items, and the specific ones,30 items. Also, the perception was associated with two points of view which were the risk on general human health or ecosystem, and on the present situation in Korea. The priority of risk from general environmental problems on human health or ecosystem was analyzed in the order of 'water pollution', 'air pollution', 'soil contamination', 'waste', 'toxic chemical pollutants', 'food contamination', 'ocean contamination', 'odor pollution', and 'noise pollution'. The priority of risk on the present situation in Korea was analyzed in the order of 'water pollution','air pollution','waste','toxic chemical pollutants','food contamination','soil contamination','ocean contamination','odor pollution', and 'noise pollution'. And these priorities were significantly related with the characteristics of respondents such as sex, age, and major concerned area. However, for the first five priorities of risk from the specific environmental problems on human health or ecosystem, the environmental professionals agreed with 'automotive vehicle exhaust', 'domestic and industrial source pollutants to surface water', '$CO_2$nd g1oba1 warming effect','toxic air pollutant' and 'industrial source air pollution'. The priorities of risk on the present situation in Korea were similar to these results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.183-193
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• 2006

Several metalliferous and coal mines, including Seojin and Okdong located at the Kangwon province, were abandoned or closed since 1989 due to the mining industry promotion policy and thus disposed an enormous amount of mining wastes without a proper treatment facilities, resulting in water and soil pollution in the downstream areas. However, no quantitative assessment was made on soil and water pollution by the transport of mining wastes such as acid mine drainage, mine tailing, and rocky waste. In this research, total and fractional concentrations of heavy metals in mining wastes were analyzed and accordingly the degree of water and soil pollutions in the stream area were quantitatively assessed employing the several pollution indices. Concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in soils near the abandoned coal mine areas were 1,240.0, 25.0 and 1,093.0 mg/kg, respectively, and these concentrations were higher than those in soils near the closed metalliferous mine areas. Also Cu concentrations in soils near the tailing dams were about 1967 mg/kg, which is considered as very polluted level. Results demonstrated that soil at the abandoned mine areas were highly contaminated by AMO, tailing, and effluents of the mining wastes. Therefore, a prompt countermeasure on the mining waste treatment and remediation of the codntaminated water and soil should be made to the abandoned or closed metalliferous and coal mines located at the abandoned mine area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.363-370
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• 2005

There are approximately 2,000 metallic mines which have been abandoned in Korea. Most of the mines are located in the watershed area, which is main source of drinking water for Seoul Metropolitan area. Untreated mining wastes are remained around abandoned mines in study area. These mining wastes, flowing into farmland and stream in the downstream of abandoned mines, would cause water and soil pollution. The mining waste samples from Guedo mine, Manjung mine and Joil mine recently abandoned were collected for the evaluation of the potential of water pollution by mine waste. Index of geoaccumulation($M\"{u}ller$, 1979), fractional composition and removal efficiency of some heavy metals by different concentration of HCl treatment were analyzed. Index of geoaccumulation of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr are 6, $4{\sim}6,\;0{\sim}6,\;4{\sim}5$, 2 and 0 respectively. Index of geoaccumulation of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu reveals the mining wastes has high pollution pottential in the area. Organic fraction of Cu, reducible fraction of Pb, residual fraction of Ni and Zn were the most abundant fraction of heavy metals in mining wastes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 1999

The environmental conditions in smallholder dairy farms especially the effects of dairy wastes on waters and soil were the main objectives of this investigation. Forty-three dairy farms from an older dairy cooperative (Nongpho Dairy Cooperative, NP) were compared with four dairy fauns from relatively new dairy cooperative (Kamphaengsaen Dairy Cooperative, KS) for the quality parameters of water and soil samples during a 12-month period. Forty-three farms at NP were from three geographical areas and three levels farm crowdedness. The results from this study clearly showed that the waste waters from older dairy barns contained much higher levels of organic and inorganic substances which could create environmental pollution if not properly managed. The differences in waste water qualities due to areas and seasons were not significant, while waste water samples from crowded farms tended to contain higher averages of waste water parameters such as COD and BOD. Highly significant correlations between pairs of waste water parameters indicated that certain parameters can be used without the need for chemical analysis of some other parameters. The qualities of well water on dairy farms as well as water samples from public waterways nearby indicated some contamination of dairy wastes such as manure. Storage and sun-drying of dairy manure on bare soil surface could result in the contamination of underground water and nearby water sources. Some recommendations from this study if implemented can prevent environmental pollution in smallholder dairy farms.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.21-33
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is to evaluate engineering properties of Ferro Nickel Slag (FNS) and to investigate the effects of FNS on potential contamination of surrounding soil and water through small and large chamber tests. Soil conditions in the chamber tests were made as closely as possibile to the field conditions. In order to simulate different types of water, we used fresh water, acidic water and seawater. Sand soils were made with relative densities of 40% and 60%, and clay with the degree of compaction of 90%. After flushing water through the FNS in the chambers was completed, the PH test was performed for the water flowing out of the chambers and the soil samples were collected for soil pollution analysis. Based on the results of the chamber tests, although the pollution level was slightly higher in the silt than in the sand, the environmental effect that FNS causes the surrounding soil was found to be very minimal. This indicates that FNS can be used as construction material in place of natural aggregates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.15-32
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the soil characteristics and propose the management for the Monument Beobsoo Marsh, Korea. The soil properties of O.M, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$ and CEC were higher and the soil properties of pH_{1:5}$ and $P_2O_5$ were lower the studied sites than other marsh sites in Korea. Although the Heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and As were lower compare to the safety standard of soil pollution in Korea, the overall conservation management plan based on long-term monitoring should be considered just because it varied by the point and non-point source pollution within the studied marsh. The source of water pollution varied due to non-point polluting origins such as sewage inlet, degraded terrain for agriculture, fishing sites, sites of removed water grasses, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, as well as fallen leaves. The creation of an artificial marsh is recommended due to the soil environment of the studied sites may be changed owing to the accumulated contaminants from the sources of both of point or non-point contaminants. The establishment of the zones of core, buffer and transition which is basic management structure of the UNESCO MaB could be applied to manage the studied site. Simultaneously the promotion of voluntary participation and education of the local residents are needed.