• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2011

Major type of facial asymmetry results from facial deformity and needs surgical correction. To diagnose facial asymmetry and set a treatment plane for patients, setting a sagittal reference plane is crucial. The purpose of this study is comparison of measurements of sagittal soft tissue reference point to three different sagittal planes. The subjects are 25 of asymmetry patients (M:15, F:10) and 19 of normal people. There are differences in point Gnathion and Stomion. Most of measurement of sagittal reference points showed within 1 mm difference from sagittal reference plane. Deviation of point Pronasale in Sa1 plane revealed significant difference among 3 reference planes. The deviation of Gnathion was proportional to the deviation of Stomion in all 3 reference planes.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.559-594
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• 2015

A nonlinear creep function incorporated into the elastic visco-plastic model may describe the long-term soil deformation more accurately. However, by applying the conventional procedure, there are challenges to determine the model parameters due to limitation of suitable data points. This paper presents a numerical solution to obtain several parameters simultaneously for a nonlinear elastic visco-plastic (EVP) model using the available consolidation data. The finite difference scheme using the Crank-Nicolson procedure is applied to solve a set of coupled partial differential equations of the time dependent strain and pore water pressure dissipation. The model parameters are determined by applying the algorithm of trust-region reflective optimisation in conjunction with the finite difference solution. The proposed method utilises all available consolidation data during dissipation of the excess pore water pressure to determine the required model parameters. Moreover, the reference time in the elastic visco-plastic model can readily be adopted as a unit of time; denoting creep is included in the numerical predictions explicitly from the very first time steps. In this paper, the settlement predictions of thick soft clay layers are presented and discussed to evaluate and compare the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method against the graphical procedure to obtain the model parameters. In addition, comparison of the available experimental results to the numerical predictions confirms the accuracy of the numerical procedure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.495-524
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• 2014

To investigate the soil-pile interactive performance under lateral loads, a set of laboratory model tests was conducted on remoulded test bed of soft clay and medium dense sand. Then, a simplified boundary element analysis had been carried out assuming floating pile. In case of soft clay, it has been observed that lateral loads on piles can initiate the formation of a gap, soil heave and the tension crack in the vicinity of the soil surface and the interface, whereas in medium dense sand, a semi-elliptical depression zone can develop. Comparison of test and boundary element results indicates the accuracy of the solution developed. However, in the boundary element analysis, the possible shear stresses likely to be developed at the interface are ignored in order to simplify the existing complex equations. Moreover, it is unable to capture the influence of base restraint in case of a socketed pile. To bridge up this gap and to study the influence of the initial stress state and interface parameters, a field based case-study of laterally-loaded pile in layered soil with socketed tip is explored and modelled using the finite element method. The results of the model have been verified against known field measurements from a case-study. Parametric studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of the coefficient of lateral earth pressure and the interface strength reduction factor on the results of the model.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2012

Purpose: An accurate preoperative analysis of the patient is essential in orthognathic surgery in order to acquire superior results. In profile, the location of the chin's position may change according to the neck's inclination. This may ultimately affect the amount of surgical movement. During acquisition of cephalometric radiographs, or in supine position, there is a discrepancy in the neck's inclination. This means that there are also various discrepancies between the actual profile and the various preoperative profile images. In the clinical situation, the decision in performing genioplasty usually lies in the analysis of the patient's profile on the operating table at the final stages of orthognathic surgery. This study aims to analyze the different preoperative profile images and to compare their discrepancies. Methods: Fifty eight patients undergoing orthognathic surgery were chosen. These patients were divided into three groups according to angle's classification of malocclusion, as class I, II or III. The right profile of these patients in centric occlusion was taken in natural head position (NHP). This was set as the 'actual profile image.' Another right profile image was taken on the operating table after insertion of the nasotracheal intubation and with muscle relaxants in effect. This was also taken in centric occlusion. The angle (denoted 'A') between the soft tissue glabella-pognion and the true vertical plane was found in the above-mentioned profile images and in the cephalometric radiographs. The differences of these values were analyzed. Results: There were differences in Angle 'A' in all of the preoperative images. These values were however, not statistically significant. Conclusion: In order to gain an esthetic profile during orthognathic surgery, the NHP is shown to be the most reliable position. Images reproducing such head positions should be used in the treatment planning process.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2011

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is the causative agent of soft rot in crops such as potato and cabbages. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a simple DNA amplification method, as well as isothermal PCR technique. In this study, a new method for the rapid detection of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum was developed using LAMP that named PCC-LAMP. Based on lytic murein transglycolase gene of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a set of four primers for LAMP was designed. The optimal PCC-LAMP reaction temperature was established at $61^{\circ}C$. Under standard conditions, PCC-LAMP amplified $1{\times}10^3$ copies of clone PCC-pBX437 per reaction. Further, this method can also assay directly by SYBR Green I without electrophoresis. Amplification was not detected for five other bacterial species. In conclusion, PCC-LAMP may be a useful method for the detection Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in the field.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.309-325
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• 1997

In order to set the lasing variables and evaluate, clinically, the therapeutic effects of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser on oral lesion, the author applied the laser energy from a fiberoptic delivered, free running, pulsed Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064nm, Pulse duration 120$\mu$sec, fiber diameter 200$\mu$m/320$\mu$m) to 22 cases of oral soft tissue lesions and 6 cases of oral hard tissue lesions. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The effective excision with contact mode and the effective hemostasis of accompanied bleeding with noncontact mode were occurred by lasing on oral soft tissue lesions with fiber diameter of 320$\mu$m under the variables of 2.0~4.0W and 20~50Hz which were controlled into high power/low pulses for excision, low power/high pulses for hemostasis, low power in granulation tissue and high power in fibrous tissue according to therapeutic goals and tissue conditions. 2. About 50% of decreasing effect on hypersensitivity was occurred by lasing with non-contact and contact mode on cervical abrasion which caused dentinal hypersensitivity with fiber diameter of 320$\mu$m under the variables of 0.7 - 1.0W and 10Hz which were applied 2~3 times with 1 week interval. 3. The effective sterilization of infected root canal and lesion of periapical abscess was occurred by lasing with contact and spiral modes on wall of root canal and periapical abscess with fiber diameter of 200$\mu$m of which the tip was placed about 1mm shorter than root canal length under the variables of 1.OW and 10Hz.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.50-63
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• 2000

In this paper, a new EMG pattern classification method based on soft computing techniques is proposed to help the disabled and the elderly handle rehabilitation robotic arm systems. First, it is shown that EMG is more useful than existing input devices such as voice, a laser pointer and a keypad in view of naturality, extensibility, and applicability. Then, a new procedure is proposed to select the minimal feature set. As methods of classifying the pre-defined motions, a fuzzy pattern classification and fuzzy min-max neural networks (FMMNN) are designed using the selected features. As results, the motions are recognized with success rates of 83 percent and 90 Percent using fuzzy pattern classification and FMMNN, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2005

In this paper, we suggested user assistant soft computing method for 3D effect optimization. In order to maximize 3D effect of image, intervals among cameras have to be set up properly according to distance between cameras and an object. Two data such as interval and distance was obtained to use in neural network as the data for learning. However, if the data for learning was obtained by only human's subjective views, it could be that the obtained data was not optimal for learning because the data had an accidental ewer To obtain optimal data lot learning, we added candidature data to obtained data through data analysis, and then selected the most proper data between the candidature data and the obtained data for learning in neural network. Usually, 3D effect of image was affected by both distance from an object to cameras and an object size. Therefore, we suggested fuzzy inference model which was able to represent two factors like distance and size. Candidature data was added by fuzzy model. In the simulation result, we verified that the mote the obtained data was affected by human's subjective views, the more effective the suggested system was.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2003

In this paper we propose an efficient content-based image retrieval method using the color and wavelet based texture features. The color features are obtained from soft-color histograms of the global image and the wavelet-based texture features are obtained from the invariant moments of the high-pass sub-band through the spatial-frequency analysis of the wavelet transform. The proposed system, called a color and texture based two-step retrieval(CTBTR), is composed of two-step query operations for an efficient image retrieval. In the first-step matching operation, the color histogram features are used to filter out the dissimilar images quickly from a large image database. The second-step matching operation applies the wavelet based texture features to the retained set of images to retrieve all relevant images successfully. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm yields more improved retrieval accuracy with computationally efficiency than the previous methods.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 2020

In this study, we will analyze the classroom space of elementary schools that have implemented the Seoul Metropolitan Government's 'Dream Classroom' project and identify satisfaction and needs in terms of users. Primary school was selected and the composition and color of space was investigated by the present ministerial inspection. The survey was conducted on homeroom teachers and analyzed as SPSS/WIN Statistical Programme 22.0. The satisfaction level of space elements was verified by the technical statistical analysis, the general classroom and the 'classroom with dreams' difference in response t-test, the need for planning elements (criticality), and the difference in satisfaction with one way ANOVA. The space had the most separate, primary-colored classrooms. They preferred emotional factors and bright and light atmosphere for the lower grades, and the soft and soft atmosphere for the middle and high school students. The school preferred communication space with the community, proper play and relaxation space for the complex type of classroom. This will help set the direction for elementary school classroom space planning during the Fourth Industrial Revolution.