• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.325-328
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• 2022

A convolutional neural network(CNN) is widely used in the computer vision tasks, but its computing power requirement needs a design of a special circuit. Most of the computations in a CNN can be implemented efficiently in a digital circuit, but the SoftMax layer has operations unsuitable for circuit implementation, which are exponential and logarithmic functions. This paper proposes a new method to integrate the exponential and logarithmic tables of the conventional circuits into a single table. The proposed structure accesses a look-up table (LUT) only with a few maximum values, and the LUT has the result value directly. Our proposed method significantly reduces the space complexity of the SoftMax layer circuit implementation. But our resulting circuit is comparable to the original baseline with small degradation in precision.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2024

간석지(공유수면) 내 단지를 조성하는 경우, 해안 퇴적지반 특성상 대규모 성토재가 필요하고, 단지공사 시 불가피하게 발생되는 연약점성토를 성토재료로 활용하는 것이 자원재활용 및 경제적 측면(소요토량감소)에서 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 연약점성토의 성토재활용에 따른 절취교란된 점성토의 압밀특성변화를 파악하고, 압밀침하량 설계방안에 대하여 제안하였다. 연구 대상지의 압밀시험결과를 통해 교란(절취)에 따른 압밀특성치 변화(압축지수감소, 선행하중산정불가)를 확인하였고, 점성토 성토층을 복합대상층(압밀대상 및 상재하중층)으로 산정(압밀침하량)하는 방안이 실제거동과 부합한 결과로 분석되었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1992년도 가을학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.113-120
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• 1992

The construction of container terminal at Brani, Singapore required the improvement of soft clay layer having the thickness of about 6.5m, average moisture content of 79.4%, liquid limit of 90.4%, plastic limit of 21.8%, field vane strength of 10 to 25 KPa, pre-consolidation pressure of 225 to 60 KPa and compression index of 0.4 to 1.0. For the improvement of this layer, Colbon drains of 1.3m spacing in triangular pattern were installed to the bottom of the layer and surcharge of more than 11.25m high sand fill was later applied to the treated area. The settlement and lateral displacement of the ground were measured and the speed of surcharge filling was controlled, based on these readings. The removal of surcharge was determinied using the estimated time for the 90% degree of consolidation under the design pressure of 180KPa. The field and laboratory test results show that the soft clay layer has been improved substantially in its strength and consolidation characteristics: increase in strength of about 50KPa and pre-consolidation pressure and decrease in void ratio and compression index.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.701-708
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• 2003

Recently, piezocone penetration test is frequently conformed in order to estimate the characteristics of soft ground with standard penetration test, generally used in the past. The soil characteristics, such as cone penetration resistance, friction resistence and excessive pore water pressure, can be evaluated continuously through the piezocone penetration test. In Incheon International Airport 2nd phase site preparation, standard penetration test and piezocone penetration test were used in order to increase the confidence for determination of soft ground depth. And the compressible layer was determined by the comparison between the preconsolidation pressure and the designed increase pressure. As the results, the relation between standard penetration test and piezocone penetration test shows q$_{c}$=(1.09~l.63)N at the soft ground, determined by 5/30 N value. And q$_{c}$=(1.21~l.98)N was shown at the point of compressible layer, evaluated by the preconsolidation pressure. These results were applied to determination for the depth of soft ground and to design the improvement for the soft clay.lay.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.499-506
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• 2004

The use of dredged soft marine clay is increasing due to a shortage of coarse material available. This paper presents a stabilization method that can increase shear strength of the surface layer of a dredged clay deposit at dates much earlier than usual. The desiccation of the upper soft 1-2m layer can be accelerated by interrupting water seeping from its bottom with impervious geotextile. Just below the geotextile, enough pervious material is provided so that the underlying deposit can be drained through it. This scheme is proved to be effective through theoretical analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.613-625
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• 2016

Contact interaction of a beam (flexible element) with an elastic half-plane is considered, when a soft inhomogeneous (functionally graded) interlayer is present between them. The beam is bent under the action of a distributed load applied to the surface and a reaction of the elastic interlayer and the half-space. Solution of the contact problem is obtained for different values of thickness and parameters of inhomogeneity of the layer. The interlayer is assumed to be significantly softer than the underlying half-plane; case of 100 times difference in Young's moduli is considered as an example. The influence of the interlayer thickness and gradient of elastic properties on the distribution of the contact stresses under the beam is studied.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2023

This paper aims at investigating the face stability of large-diameter underwater shield tunnels considering seepage in soft-hard uneven strata. Using the kinematic approach of limit upper-bound analysis, the analytical solution of limit supporting pressure on the tunnel face considering seepage was obtained based on a logarithmic spiral collapsed body in uneven strata. The stability analysis method of the excavation face with different soft- and hard-stratum ratios was explored and validated. Moreover, the effects of water level and burial depth on tunnel face stability were discussed. The results show the effect of seepage on the excavation face stability can be accounted as the seepage force on the excavation face and the seepage force of pore water in instability body. When the thickness ratio of hard soil layer within the excavation face exceeds 1/6D, the interface of the soft and hard soil layer can be placed at tunnel axis during stability analysis. The reliability of the analytical solution of the limit supporting pressure is validated by numerical method and literature methods. The increase of water level causes the instability of upper soft soil layer firstly due to the higher seepage force. With the rise of burial depth, the horizontal displacement of the upper soft soil decreases and the limit supporting pressure changes little because of soil arching effect.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 수치해석을 이용해 격벽형 중력식 2열 합성소일벽(BSCW) 공법의 변위에 대해 분석하고 고찰하였다. 수치해석 모델은 BSCW 앞면 중심부의 현장 변위 데이터를 통하여 검증되었고 세 가지 다른 점토지반(soft, medium, stiff)의 점착력 및 탄성계수에 대한 매개변수 해석을 수행하였다. 또한 Jumbo Special Pattern 공법을 이용한 저면 시멘트 칼럼의 Center-To-Center 간격에 대한 매개변수 해석도 수행하였다. 매개변수 해석 결과, BSCW의 변위는 연약 점토 지반에서 가장 크게 나타났고, 낮은 탄성계수를 가진 지반인 경우 낮은 Center-to-Center 간격이 요구되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.432.2-432.2
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• 2014

Recently, colloidal core/shell type quantum dots lighting-emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have been extensively studied and developed for the future of optoelectronic applications. In the work, we fabricate an inverted CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) based light-emitting diodes (QDLED)[1]. In order to reduce work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for inverted structure, a very thin (<10 nm) polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) is used as surface modifier[2] instead of conventional metal oxide electron injection layer. The PEIE layer substantially reduces the work function of ITO electrodes which is estimated to be 3.08 eV by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study, CdSe/ZnS QDs are uniformly distributed and formed by a monolayer on PEIE layer. In this inverted QD LED, two kinds of hybrid organic materials, [poly (9,9-di-n-octyl-fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazolo)(F8BT) + poly(N,N'-bis (4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine (poly-TPD)] and [4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) + poly-TPD], were adopted as hole transport layer having high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level for improving hole transport ability. At a low-operating voltage of 8 V, the device emits orange and red spectral radiation with high brightness up to 2450 and 1420 cd/m2, and luminance efficacy of 1.4 cd/A and 0.89 cd/A, respectively, at 7 V applied bias. Also, the carrier transport mechanisms for the QD LEDs are described by using several models to fit the experimental I-V data.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.142-143
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• 2021

The general ground conditions in Korea are distributed in order of fill, deposit soil, weathered soil, weathered rock, soft rock. The fill soil and deposit soil located at the top have relatively low strength compared to the lower layer, and they are sometimes classified as soft ground according to the standard penetration test results. In this study, the PF method, a ground improvement method, was applied to the soft layer, a large plate load test was conducted on the improved ground, and the results were reviewed.