• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.676-682
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• 2000

The effect of dandelion leaf extracts on lipid metabolism was investigated in high cholesterol-fed rats. Four groups of rats were given a high cholesterol diet containing 10g cholesterol/kg and 2.5 g sodium cholate/kg for 6 weeks. The control group received without dandelion leaf extracts and the other three groups received with one of dandelion leaf extracts (water, ethyl acetate, ether), respectively. Weight gain and feed intake were significantly higher in water group than control group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, chylomicron and VLDL-cholesterol concentratins were lower, whereas HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations were significantly higher in dandelion leaf extract supplemented-groups than control group. Dandelion extract increased HDL-C/total-C ratio and lowered atherogenic index. Hepatic triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations lowered in dandelion leaf extract groups compared to control group. Especially, hepatic triglyceride and free cholesterol levels were lower in ethyl acetate extract group than in water and ether extract groups. Dandelion leaf extract supplements did not affect hepatic phospholipid cencentration. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in water extract group than the others. ACAT activity was significantly decreased by dandelion extract supplements.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.284-292
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• 2016

Objectives: This study compared the differences of postmenopausal women's bone mineral density in relation to the degree of obesity, metabolism index and dietary factors that affect bone mineral density. Methods: The subjects included in the study are 39 postmenopausal women of normal weight with body mass index less than $25kg/m^2$ and 32 postmenopausal who are obese. Anthropometry and biochemical analysis were performed and nutrient intakes and DQI-I were assessed. Results: Normal weight women were $56.03{\pm}3.76years$ old and obese women were $58.09{\pm}5.13years$ old and there was no significant difference in age between the two groups. The T-score of bone mineral density was $0.03{\pm}1.06$ in normal weight women and $-0.60{\pm}1.47$ in obese women and this was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). Blood Leptin concentration was significantly lower in normal weight women ($6.09{\pm}3.37ng/mL$) compared to obese women in ($9.01{\pm}4.99ng/mL$) (p<0.05). The total score of diet quality index-international was $70.41{\pm}9.34$ in normal weight women and $64.93{\pm}7.82$ in obese women (p<0.05). T-score of bone mineral density showed negative correlations with percentage of body fat (r = -0.233, p=0.05), BMI (r = -0.197, p=0.017), triglyceride (r = -0.281, p=0.020) and leptin (r = -0.308, p=0.011). The results of multiple regression analysis performed as the method of entry showed that with 22.0% of explanation power, percentage of body fat (${\beta}=-0.048$, p<0.05), triglyceride (${\beta}=-0.005$, p<0.05) and HDL-cholesterol (${\beta}=0.034$, p<0.01), moderation of DQI-I (${\beta}=-0.231$, p<0.05) affected T-score significantly. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that obese women have less bone density than those with normal weight women. In addition, the factor analysis result that affect bone mineral density showed that intake of fat is a very important factor. Therefore, postmenopausal women need to maintain normal weight and manage blood lipid levels within normal range. They also need to take various sources of protein and reduce consumption of empty calorie foods that have high calories, fat, cholesterol and sodium.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.324-329
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the serological lipid-related parameters of the rats when they were fed with the high fat diets supplemented with or without rutin for five weeks. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats ($272.2{\pm}7.2 g$ of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups: control (C) group and two treatment groups. Rats in the C group were fed with the high-fat diet containing 20% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate (w/w) which was modified from the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition-76 (AIN-76) diet. Rats in treatment groups were fed with above diet supplemented with 0.75% rutin (R-0.75) or 1.5% rutin (R-1.5) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The supplementation of rutin did not induce any significant difference on the final body weight, gain of body weight, the amount of feed intake and the feed efficiency of rats in both control and treatment groups. In addition the values of glucose concentration, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio showed no significant differences among groups. The values of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in sera of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were lower than those in C group but the significances were showed in only between R-0.75 and C group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in sera of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were higher than those in C group but the significances were showed in only between R-1.5 and C group (p < 0.01). The values of atherogenic index(AI) of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were the lower than those in C group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The values of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. The values of AST and ALT in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. Therefore the supplementation of rutin to high fat diet in rats reduced effectively the serum lipid levels such as TC and LDL-C which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases, and moreover it elevated effectively HDL-C value which was regarded to protect cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the serological lipid-related parameters of the rats when they were fed with the high fat diets supplemented with or without naringin for five weeks. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats($272.2{\pm}7.2$ g of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups(eight rats per each group) : control(C) group and two treatment groups. Rats in the C group were fed with the high-fat diet containing 15% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate(w/w) which was modified from the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition-76(AIN-76) diet. Rats in treatment groups were fed with above diet supplemented with 0.1% naringin(N-0.1) or 0.2% naringin(N-0.2) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The supplementation of naringin did not induce any significant difference on the final body weight, gain of body weight, the amount of feed intake and the feed efficiency of rats in between control and treatment groups. In addition the levels of glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. The levels of total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)in sera of rats in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups were significantly lower than in C group(p<0.05). The levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) were significantly higher in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups than in C group(p<0.05). The values of atherogenic index(AI) were significantly lower in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups than in C group(p<0.05). The levels of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. The values of AST and ALT were significantly lower in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups than in C group(p<0.05). Therefore the supplementation of naringin to high fat diet in rats reduced effectively the serum lipid levels such as TC and LDL-C and AI which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases, and moreover it elevated the HDL-C value effectively which was regarded to protect cardiovascular diseases.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2002

This study investigated the production of insoluble dietary fiber using forest waste and the dietary effect of manufactured insoluble fiber on physiological function in rat fed high cholesterol duets. Insoluble dietary fiber was prepared from the wood chips of oak (Quercus mongolica). The best condition for steam-explosion treatment for the preparation of insonuble dietary fiber was 25 kg/cm$^3$pressure for 6 minutes. In the chemical analysis of insoluble dietary fiber pretreated by 1% sodium hydroxide solution with steam-exploded wood, $\alpha$-cellulose content was 61.7% in the insoluble dietary fiber which contained 7.6% residual lignin. In order to compare insoluble dietary fiber with commercial $\alpha$-cellulose of physiological function, Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly assigned to one normal diet and five high cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol. The high cholesterol diet groups were classified as fiber free diet (FF group), 5% commercial $\alpha$-cellulose diet (5C group), 10% commercial $\alpha$-cellulose (l0C group), 5% insoluble dietary fiber dict (5M group), and 10% insoluble dietary fiber (10M group). The rats were fed ad libidum for 4 weeks. Food intake, weights gain, and food efficiency ratio in high cholesterol groups were higher than those of normal group, but there were no significant differences between the experimental groups. There were not any significant differences in the weights of livers, kidneys and small intestine of insoluble dietary fiber supplemented groups, but weight of cecum in all insolube dietary fiber group were significantly higher than those of FF group. A gstrointestinal transit time was decreased by supplementation of insoluble dietary fiber. Weight and water contents of feces in the insoluble dietary fiber supplemented groups were significantly higher than those of the FF group. There were not any significant differences in the activities of the glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) between the experimental groups. In conclusion, the manufactured insoluble dietary fiber and commercial insoluble fiber have the same physiological effects. The preparation method of the insoluble dietary fiber from the oak chips suited its purpose.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Objectives: Hypertension is the most important risk factors for the cerebrovascular diseases, and also for coronary heart diseases, it is therefore very important that the people have a knowledge on nature of hypertension and it's high risk in order to prevent and detect the hypertension as early as possible. Methods: This study was done to find out the knowledge on hypertension of 434 parents of elementary school students from Kimjae city, Jonbuk province, they were parents in grade 4, 5 and 6 attending two elementary schools. The survey took 10 days from November 20 to November 30, 2003. Results: first, The highest correct answer(94.5%) was "obesity is risk factors for hypertension", followed by "hypertension is closely related with hereditary factors(91.0%) and "high sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure"(85.7%). The lowest correct answer(77.4%) was the classification of blood pressure level between normal and high. Second, Rate of blood pressure measurement for fathers was 53.7% and 54.8% in mothers. Awareness of own blood pressure by fathers was 84.1 %, while 91.1% by mothers. Third, According to blood pressure level reported by parents, fathers with normal blood pressure was 59.2%, high normal blood pressure was 12.2%, while hypertension was 28.6%. It revealed that prevalence of hypertension of fathers was higher than mother (normal: 74.5%, high normal: 7.7%, hypertension: 18.2%). Conclusions: From the results of this study, it is important to strengthen the health education about hypertension for community people and also school students.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 1997

Italian ryegrass, red clover, sorghum, and alfalfa were used for leaf protein preparation. Fresh leaves were pulped in the presence or absence of a reducing agent(sodium ascorbate or NaHSO$_{4}$) and green juice was heated and washed with acetone. The biological evaluation of leaf proteins was carried out by the growth method with male rats weighing about 45g. Italian ryegrass, red clover, and sorghum were brown when leaves were pulped in the absence of a reducing agent. On the other hand, alfalfa had neither o-diphenolics nor polyphenolase, and hence the alfalfa leaf protein did not brown during pulping ever in the absence of a reducing agent. The brown leaf protein from Italian ryegrass hd lower digestibility than the leaf protein protected from browning, although there were no difference in growth-promoting effect and protein efficiency ratio(PER)between the two leaf protein. The feeding of brown leaf protein from red clover resulted in the lowering of weight gain, digestibility, and PER, and all the measurement including diet intake were lowered by feeding the brown leaf protein from sorghum. In the case of alfalfa leaf protein, there were no difference in nutritional quality between the two leaf protein made with and without an attempt to prevent browning. The results mentioned above indicate that the occurrence of phenolics and polyphemolase in a crop in responsible for the browning of leaf protein and that the browning of leaf protein caused its nutritional impairment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.633-640
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• 2001

This study investigated the effects of lipid metabolism on male Sprague Dawley rats given porphyran diet extracted from Porphyra yezoensis for 4 weeks. We divided into 5 diet groups which were normal diet, control diet fed high fat, cholesterol and sodium cholate, control and 1% porphyran diet (1% PD), control and 5% porphyran diet (5% PD), control and 10% of porphyran diet (10% PD). Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly different between control and porphyran diet. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents were significantly (p<0.05) lower in porphyran diet groups than control group. However, serum HDL-cholesterol contents increased by the addition of porphyran in experimental diet. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were proportionally decreased by the addition of porphyran in control diet compared to control diet. A number of lipid particles were shown in liver tissue of control group and the same appearance was shown in the group fed with 1% porphyran diet, whereas lipid particles was reduced in the group fed with 5% and 10% porphyran diet compared to control group. Especially, liver tissue of 10% porphyran diet group was shown similar appearance to normal diet group. These results indicated that supplementation of porphyran in hyperlipidemic rats has an effect on the improvement of serum lipids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.247-261
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the association between insulin resistance and the major dietary patterns of Korean adults. Methods: This study used data from the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were 2,276 adults aged 19 to 64 years old. Based on the food frequency questionnaire data, 112 food items were reclassified into 30 food groups. The principal component analysis method was applied to identify major dietary patterns. We used homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) value as indicators of insulin resistance. The association between major dietary patterns and insulin resistance was investigated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified and assigned descriptive names based on the food items with high loadings: 'healthy Korean meal pattern', 'western meal pattern', and 'white rice, alcohol, meat pattern'. As the 'white rice, alcohol, meat pattern' score increased, significant increasing trends for fasting glucose concentration and HOMA-IR and a significant decreasing trend for QUICKI were observed after adjusting for age and sex. The odds ratio of insulin resistance according to the 'healthy Korean meal pattern' and the 'western meal pattern' were not statistically significant. the 'white rice, alcohol, meat pattern' showed a significant positive association with the risk of insulin resistance after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: These results suggest that the 'white rice, alcohol, meat pattern' is positively associated with the risk of insulin resistance. The white rice, alcohol, meat pattern was related to the high consumption of alcohol together with rice or meat. This pattern was also associated with the high intake of sodium and low intakes of vitamin C, calcium, potassium, and dietary fiber. To confirm the association, further longitudinal studies are required.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary multi-strain probiotic (MSP) (Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 + Bacillus subtillis UBBS14 + Saccharomyces boulardii Unique 28) on performance, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter related genes in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 256 (4×8×8) day-old CARIBRO Vishal commercial broiler chicks of uniform body weight were randomly distributed into four treatments with 8 replicates each and having eight chicks in each replicate. Four dietary treatments were T₁ (negative control-basal diet), T₂ (positive control-antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate at 20 mg/kg diet), T₃ (MSP at 10⁷ colony-forming unit [CFU]/g feed), and T₄ (MSP at 10⁸ CFU/g feed). Results: During 3 to 6 weeks and 0 to 6 weeks, the body weight gain increased significantly (p<0.05) in T₃ and T₄ groups. The feed intake significantly (p<0.05) reduced from T₁ to T₃ during 0 to 3 weeks and the feed conversion ratio also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T₃ and T₄ during 0 to 6 weeks. The humoral and cell mediated immune response and the weight of immune organs were also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T₃ and T₄. However, significant (p<0.05) dietary effects were observed on intestinal histo-morphometry of ileum in T₃ followed by T₄ and T₂. At 14 d post hatch, the relative gene expression of glucose transporter (GLUT5), sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT₁) and peptide transporter (PepT₁) showed a significant (p<0.05) up-regulating pattern in T₂, T₃, and T₄. Whereas, at 21 d post hatch, the gene expression of SGLT₁ and PepT₁ was significantly (p<0.05) downregulated in MSP supplemented treatments T₃ and T₄. Conclusion: The supplementation of MSP at 10⁷ CFU/g diet showed significant effects with improved performance, immune response, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter genes. Thus, the MSP could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in chicken diets.