• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.552-558
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• 2011

Hypsizigus marmoreus is a wild mushroom commonly consumed in South Korea due to its beneficial effects on health. In the present study, the general chemical and inorganic-element composition, the total amino acid contents, and the volatile-flavor compounds of H. marmoreus were investigated for food uses. The proximate compositions consisted of 60.1% carbohydrate, 32.0% crude protein, 8.98% moisture, 5.0% ash, and 2.0% crude lipid. The minerals in H. marmoreus were found to be as follows; potassium (429.5 mg), phosphorus (101.9 mg), sodium (20.3 mg), magnesium (54.86 mg), calcium (2.7 mg), zinc (0.8 mg), iron (0.7 mg), manganese (0.2 mg), and copper (0.1 mg), based on 100 g of mushroom dry weight. Seventeen kinds of total amino acids were found in H. marmoreus, with the glutamine acid content being the highest (2,340 mg/100 g), followed by the asparagine, serine, arginine, and leucine contents. The volatile-flavor components of H. marmoreus were collected via simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE), and were analyzed via gas chromatography-massspectrophotometry (GC-MS). A total of 17 volatile-flavor compounds were identified, including eight aldehydes, seven alcohols, one acids, and one other compounds. The most abundant compound was 2,3,6-trimethy1 pyridine, which accounted for more than 40% of the total volatiles; other important compounds were 1-octen-3-o1, buty1hydroxytoluene (BHT), isoocty1 phthalate, 3-octanal, 1-undecanol, and 2-amylfuran. These results provide preliminary data for the development of H. marmoreus as an edible food material.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.468-472
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• 2014

The effect of pre-storage treatments was investigated to control the occurrence of fruit skin stain in 'Niitaka' pears. The incidence of fruit skin stains was significantly reduced when the fruits were stored in paper bags with a yellow inner color, compared to when they were stored in paper bags with blue and red inner colors. Additionally, the pear fruits that were harvested seven days earlier than their optimum maturity date developed less fruit skin stains in cold storage and retained their quality. Storage in polyethylene (PE) bags did not control the occurrence of fruit skin stains as effectively as did bag-free storage or storage in calcium-coated bags. The dipping of the pear fruits in a chlorine dioxide and calcium solution was highly effective in reducing the fruit skin stains compared to when they were not dipped or when they were dipped only in distilled water. In particular, a 1,500 times diluted solution of sodium dichloroisocyannurate (NaDCC) reduced the incidence of fruit skin stains and the size of the lesions. No stain was observed on the skin of the fruit with a water content lower than 67.7% (w/v) during its storage. In conclusion, packaging pear fruits in bags with an inner calcium coat and dipping them in a chlorine dioxide, calcium, or NaDCC solution can effectively reduce their skin stains during their storage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.460-467
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of Hizikia fusiforme, Capsosiphon fulvescens, and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll on the antioxidant and inhibitory potentials against key enzymes related to type 2 diabetes of a commercial vegetable extract. The nutritional quality and mineral concentration of a vegetable extract with seaweeds added were also analyzed. The addition levels of seaweed did not influence the proximate composition, whereas the calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and iron concentrations significantly increased at the 5% Hizikia fusiforme and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll addition levels. The 20% Hizikia fusiforme addition level significantly increased the total phenolic content and reducing power by 47.08% and 16.82%. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of the vegetable extract was not strengthened with the addition of seaweeds. The DPPH radical scavenging activity at the 20% Hizikia fusiforme, Capsosiphon fulvescens, and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll addition levels significantly increased by 27.47%, 22.25%, and 17.27%, respectively. The vegetable extract with seaweeds added showed higher-level ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activities, accompanied by relatively weaker ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition activity. In particular, at the 5% Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll addition level, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was significantly inhibited by 98.26%. Overall, the results showed that the incorporation of seaweeds into a vegetable extract effectively increased the mineral concentration and improved the antioxidant and inhibitory abilities of the extract on key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.645-653
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to examine quality characteristics of a smoked duck marinated in natural curing agents containing extracts of pear by sugar, celery powder, and vitamin C. We evaluated the composition food additives residue and total plate count, chromaticity, sensory properties, total polyphenol contents, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect of general smoked duck (GSD) and natural smoked duck (NSD). The nitrite ion, antioxidant and sodium glutamate of NSD were not detected. The lightness, yellowness and redness of the two smoked duck decreased significantly as growing longer storage days. The total plate count (CFU/g) of coliform bacteria of two smoked duck were not grown. The sensory properties showed that NSD was higher than GSD in the aspect of taste, texture and overall preferences. The total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging effect of NSD were higher than those of GSD. These results suggested that it was possible to manufacture a smoked duck marinated in natural curing agents including extracts of pear by sugar, celery powder, and vitamin C for the improvement of safety and quality.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2017

Gochujang, a traditional Korean food, is fermented by mixing red pepper powder, various grain, meju and salt. Changes in the kind of ingredients and fermentation method could increase health functionalities. In this study, in vivo anti-colitis effects of gochujang prepared with mixed grains, bamboo salt baked 3 times and meju starters on DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice were studied. We prepared gochujang prepared with mixed grains (MG), bamboo salt, and Aspergillus oryzae (A) and Baccillus subtilis (B) mixed starters (MG-AB) and gochujang prepared with MG, bamboo salt and A, B and Lactobacillus plantarum (L) mixed starters (MG-ABL). MG-AB and MG-ABL significantly increased body weight and colon length compared to the control (p<0.05). MG-ABL showed significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in serum compared to the control and MG-AB group (p<0.05). MG-ABL also regulated mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the mice colon tissue (p<0.05). Therefore, MG-ABL exhibited the increased anticolitis effects by inhibiting damage of colon tissue, probably by regulating a pro-inflammatory cytokine of IL-6 and regulated apoptosis related genes. These results indicated that gochujang changed with good ingredients and starters had colitis preventive effects and might be due to active compounds in mixed grain and bamboo salt, and produced by L during the fermentation of gochujang.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of pruned branch of a peach tree as natural dyeing material. The dyestuff was extracted from pruned branch of a peach tree. we examined the dyeing ability on silk and cotten fabrics. The surface color of silk fabrics differed depending on mordants. E values in treatments of mordants ranged from 11.63 to 30.86 as compared to non-treatment. Dyeing properties of cotten fabrics were improved with a treatment of sulfate of iron as compared with of non-treatment. The values a increased when the slaked lime and sodium hydroxide were used as mordants, while the values b increased when copper sulfate, alum and apple vinegar were used. We investigated the surface colors of silk and cotten fabrics after washing three times. In general, the surface colors of silk and cotten fabrics between the treatments of all mordants and non-treatment were diminished by the washing. We also investigated the surface colors of silk and cotten fabrics when those were washed and treated by the light after soaking those into various pH solutions. The surface colors of silk and cotten fabrics were considerably preserved by the washing, the light and pH concentration. In conclusion, our results suggest that the dyestuffs from pruning branch of a peach tree would be useful as a natural dyeing material using the optimized conditions for silk and cotten dyeing.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.375-383
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• 2006

The anti platelet effects of a novel guanidine derivative, KR-32570 ([5-(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl) furan-2-ylcarbonyl]guanidine), were investigated with an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying its inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. KR-32570 significantly inhibited the aggregation of washed rabbit platelets induced by collagen $(10{\mu}g/mL)$, thrombin (0.05 U/mL), arachidonic acid $(100{\mu}M)$, a thromboxane (TX) $A_2$ mimetic agent U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-9,11-methanoepoxy-prostaglandin $F_2,\;1{\mu}M$) and a $Ca^{2+}$ ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin $(0.5{\mu}M)$ ($IC_{50}$ values: $13.8{\pm}1.8,\;26.3{\pm}1.2,\;8.5{\pm}0.9,\;4.3{\pm}1.7\;and\;49.8{\pm}1.4{\mu}M$, respectively). KR-32570 inhibited the collagen-induced liberation of $[^3H]$arachidonic acid from the platelets in a concentration dependent manner with complete inhibition being observed at $50{\mu}M$. The $TXA_2$ synthase assay showed that KR-32570 also inhibited the conversion of the substrate $PGH_2$ to $TXB_2$ at all concentrations. Furthermore, KR-32570 significantly inhibited the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization induced by collagen at $50{\mu}M$, which is the concentration that completely inhibits platelet aggregation. KR-32570 also decreased the level of collagen $(10{\mu}g/mL)$induced secretion of serotonin from the dense-granule contents of platelets, and inhibited the NHE-1-mediated rabbit platelet swelling induced by intracellular acidification. These results suggest that the antiplatelet activity of KR-32570 against collagen-induced platelet aggregation is mediated mainly by inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid, $TXA_2$ synthase, the mobilization of cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ and NHE-1.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

Background: Although the consumption of vitamin beverages has increased because of the recent interest in health and beauty, guidelines addressing appropriate consumption habits are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the erosive potential of several vitamin beverages and to propose guidelines for the appropriate intake of these drinks. Methods: Five vitamin beverages were selected after a pre-investigation of the current beverage market. Coca-Cola and mineral water were selected as the control beverages. The pH of the beverages was measured with a calibrated pH meter, and the titratable acidity (TA) was determined by using 1 M sodium hydroxide to reach pH 5.5 (TA5.5) and 7.0 (TA7.0). The screening method suggested by the International Organization for Standardization was used to measure pH variation (ΔpH) by using an under-saturated hydroxyapatite solution to determine the difference between the initial and final pH of the screening solution. All measurements were performed in triplicate. Results: All vitamin beverages tested in this study exhibited a low pH (2.53~2.99), similar to Coca-Cola, which is known to be a highly acidic beverage. The highest TA5.5 and TA7.0 values of the vitamin beverages were 7.03 ml and 8.81 ml, respectively. The largest change in pH determined by using the screening solution was found in Bacchus D (ΔpH 1.44±0.05). The mean ΔpH of the vitamin beverages was 1.12±0.29, which was higher than that of Coca-Cola (positive control, ΔpH 0.58±0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin beverages exhibited an erosive potential capable of damaging enamel surfaces. Therefore, the frequency of vitamin beverage intake should be limited, and individuals consuming these drinks should try to restore normal oral pH as quickly as possible.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate a natural medicinal multi-plants extract (BG515), which consisted of multi extracts of Mori folium, Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz, Dioscorea japonica, Lycii fructus, and Astragalus radix, on blood glucose, insulin levels, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) induces a type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Type 1 is usually characterized by the presence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICA), autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), and autoantiboides to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which identify the autoimmune process that leads to $\beta-cell$ destruction. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing $150\sim170g$ each (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into one control (Group A) and 4 STZ-induced diabetic groups, and were subjected to one of the following treatment for 12 weeks. Groups A and B were fed basal diets and Group C, D, and E received the same diets as groups A and B, but with supplements of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of BG515 orally for 12 weeks, respectively. Diabetes was induced in Groups B, C, D, and E by intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg of STZ per body weight in sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.5) via the tail vein. In the BG515 groups, we found increases in serum insulin levels, compared to the STZ-control group, but these data were not significant. In contrast, blood glucose and serum MDA concentrations decreased in the BG515 groups compare to the STZ-control group. At the 5th week, in all the BG515 administered groups, there were decreases in serum blood glucose levels compared to the STZ- control group, and this activity was very strong in the BG515-1 group at the 12th week. These results suggest that natural bio-complex compounds (BG515) may slightly suppress STZ-induced changes in serum MDA concentration via the maintenance of serum insulin levels, due to the prevention of $\beta-cell$ and glucagon destruction by STZ.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 2009

The growth characteristics of Pinus thunbergii windbreak forest around Goosipo Beach, Sangha-Myon, Gochang-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do have been investigated, and the results are summarized as follows. The soil in the site was light acid sand with pH 5.7, and the mean sodium concentration of soils was 1.42dS/m. The tree diameter, height, crown width, and shape ratio(Height/DBH) were better with tree density was coming lower. Especially, the rate of shape ratio under 60 was more in sites with low tree density. This demonstrated that the trees have grown more soundly when the tree density was lower. The direction of main winds and distribution ratio of tree inclination had a correlation. The inclined trees are seemed to be influenced by main winds when they were younger and by Typhoon partly. Eighty one vascular plant species were found in the sites, and more number of herbaceous plants (57 taxa) lived there than woody plants (24 taxa). And more plant species of dune were found at the site where dune have developed well. Some thinning works need at high tree density areas in order to ensure effects of coastal windbreak.