• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2020

Purpose - In this study, among the various stresses experienced by single-family senior citizens, we will focus on economic and financial stress and help to comprehend it generally, examine the differences in economic and financial stress and coping behaviors caused by the background variables in the aged group, and verify the variables that affect economic and financial stress, response behavior, and life satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - First of all, frequency analysis and technical statistics were conducted to identify the general characteristics of the elderly (characteristics of demographic sociology, social relationships) and the satisfaction level of life. Secondly, Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis was conducted to analyse influential factors on life satisfaction. Results - looking at the demographic characteristics of the elderly showed that in case the spouse exists, the level of satisfaction in life was shown to be higher. Next, looking at the characteristics of economic stress showed that the lower the economic stress was, the higher the satisfaction level of life was shown. Conclusions - Since stress has been identified as the most influential variable in life satisfaction through this study, we believe that economic and financial stress should be studied together as a parameter to find out which factors influence life satisfaction, or studies to reduce stresses for experts and senior party members altogether is also needed.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.40-55
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• 2016

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has the potential to provide economic opportunities and help raise the social and political status of countries. For developing countries, ICT can be used as a tool for economic growth and social advancement in a short period of time. The benefits of ICT, however, are not only economic in nature. It can help improve professional skills, teaching quality, job creation, agricultural production, community involvement, and information use, personal relationships, and time use. These benefits are examples of how ICT has become an indispensable part of our lives. Myanmar is a developing country and is ranked low in the ICT Development Index. In terms of ICT development, Myanmar today is facing many issues such as a lack of telecommunication infrastructure, ICT awareness, electricity, and budget for ICT development. Among the economic reforms implemented by the recent government, the telecommunications sector has been opened up as a measure of economic reform. As a result of this reform, the telecommunications sector has been growing rapidly. Myanmar, however, remains behind other Asian countries. This paper discusses Myanmar's ICT infrastructure status, progress that has been made in the country's telecommunications over the last fifteen years, and the challenges that lie ahead.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-117
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of anxiety about economic change in middle-aged and elderly people and to analyze the factors that influence this anxiety. The data, derived from Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) were collected from Survey Research Center of Sung Kyun Kwan University. The samples included 821 people over the age of 40, including 529 middle-aged people who were from 40 to 59, and elderly people who were over 60. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the research model. The findings from the analysis showed that age and subjective economic status had crucial effects on the entire group's anxiety about unemployment and poverty, housing prices, financial markets, and economic recession in the older life. For the middle-aged group, age in particular had crucial effects on all the components of its anxiety about economic change. For the elderly group, geographical region was the most critical factor that affected its anxiety about economic change, the elderly people who were living in metropolitan area and towns had more anxiety than those who were living in rural areas. In particular, region was the only factor that affected the elderly group's anxiety about financial markets, and economic recession. These results showed that specific age of middle-aged and elderly people had the crucial effects while their sex, educational level, and the employment status of their spouse had no effects on their anxiety about economic change. Objective economic indices such as their earned-income and other income including savings and pensions had no effects on their anxiety level. While as noted above subjective economic indices such as their standard of living compared with their parents, projected economic status, and level of socio-economic success had an effect on anxiety about economic change.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 2009

Objectives: This study identified how personal characteristics, healthy behavior and social capital might influence on physical activity of adults. Methods: This study used data from the health survey of a city of Korea. We surveyed 1,000 adults sampled by stratified sampling methods from 67,889 households. Outcome variable was the stage of physical activity which was broken into 5 categories. Sociodemographic factors, healthy behavior, self-rated health status and social capital were used as control variables. Sociodemographic factors included age, sex, educational status, economic status measured by deprivation score, residential period within survey city. Social capital was measured by Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital (SC-IQ). This study used chi-square test and ordered logistic regression models to examine the associations between independent variables and physical activity. Variables were added to the regression model in three groups using a hierarchical approach. Results: Physical activity was significantly more likely to become active if they have higher educational status, healthier behavior. Among the six dimensions of SC-IQ, only "groups and networks" that is structural dimensions of social capital and "trust and solidarity" that is cognitive dimensions of social capital were significantly related to physical activity of adults. We found that a person having higher density of membership and having larger size of networks showed the high possibility of active physical activity. A person having high solidarity was significantly associated with physical activity, but general trust was inversely related to physical activity. Output dimensions of social capital did not show significant relationship to physical activity. Conclusion: We found that social capital is useful concept to explain health behaviors like physical activity. However we must consider social, cultural and political context of the study to evaluate the effect of social capital to health status and health determinants and to capture the exact meaning of relationship between them. We suggest further researches to refine the concept of social capital and to explain the relationship of social capital to diverse health determinants.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.344-353
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with perceived health status of married immigrant women. Methods: Data were collected from 65 married immigrant women. The measurements were Symptom checklist-48, Acculturative Stress Scale, Parenting Stress Index(PSI), and Personal Resource Questionnaire(PQR). Descriptive, T-test, ANOVA test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were used. Results: There were significant differences in perceived health status according to satisfaction with the married life(F=8.819, p=0.000), and help from husband(F=6.308, p=.003). There was also a significant relationship between perceived health status and perceived economic status (F=8.006, p=.001), acculturative stress (r=.560, p<.01), parenting stress (r=.662, p<.01) and social support (r=-.289, p<.05). The result of multiple regression analysis showed a significant association of parenting stress with perceived health status of married immigrant women (${\beta}=0.397$, p=0.037). Conclusion: Comprehensive interventions designed to enhance the health of married immigrant women, including prevention of acculturative stress, parenting stress and improving social support may be helpful in mitigating health in married immigrant women.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2020

Purpose- This study examines the multi-mediation effect of personal self-congruity and social self-congruity to perceived value and brand attitude on aircraft customers in China. Research design, data and methodology- Survey was conducted on Chinese citizens who had flown via Chinese airlines and lived mainly in the Yangtze River delta. 727 cases were analyzed. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used to analyze the data. Results - First, perceived economic value has a positive impact on personal self-congruity and social self-congruity but has no effect on brand attitude. Second, perceived functional value has a positive impact on personal self-congruity, social self-congruity, and brand attitude. Third, based on this, perceived economic value is not directly related to brand attitude. However, there is a relationship between perceived functional value and brand attitude, with personal self-congruity and social self-congruity having mediation effects. Conclusions - The Results show that perceived economic and functional value such as competitive airfare, mileage membership, check-in processes, diversified vouchers and coupons, and also basic services such as flight security and flight attendant service having an effect on personal self-congruity. To improve consumer brand attitude, airlines should take into consideration personal self-congruity factors such as their values and lifestyles, and their social self-congruity factors such as their social status and social security.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.302-313
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors in quality of life and to construct a model of quality of life in longevity region dwelling elders. Methods: Data were collected from January to July, 2010 through direct interviews and a self-reporting questionnaire survey with 171 subjects who were living at the S County (gun). The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 and AMOS 19.0 programs. Results: Economic status, social support, health behavior and depression were shown to have direct and total effects on quality of life and were statistically significant. Health status had indirect and total effects on quality of life and was statistically significant. And, self-efficacy had direct, indirect and total effects on quality of life and was statistically significant. These variables of the hypothetical model accounted for 41.4% of quality of life. Conclusion: In order to improve quality of life in longevity region dwelling elders, it is necessary to provide economic support and social support services in tandem with social welfare. And, we need to apply interventions strengthening self-efficacy, health behavior, and health status, and decreasing depression.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.343-357
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• 2008

Generally, schooling is implemented by instruction in the classroom. And instruction is made progress by concrete interaction through teacher's question and students' answer or presentation. According to a lot of researches on teacher-student interaction, student's opportunity of class presentation is influenced by students' self-esteem, learning attitude, academic achievement, and relationships. And students' opportunity of class presentation is very important not only students but also social equality and democracy. Therefore, teachers have to recognize the importance of students' opportunity of class presentation. However, according to many referential researches, students' opportunity of class presentation is differentiated by students' academic ability and social-economic status. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether students' opportunity of class presentation was differentiated by students' academic ability and social-economic status or not. The method of this study was used checklist, interview, and class observation for a month. This study indicates that in spite of some exceptional cases, many students were taken the opportunity of class presentation differently by his/her academic ability and social-economic status. And teacher does not recognize that whether she gives student's opportunity of class presentation differently or not. To be a good teacher, teacher should reflect that teaching students is not easy, and teaching students is very important. And teacher should recognize that her speaking, action, and interaction with students including students' opportunity of class presentation influences students' self-esteem, learning attitude, academic achievement, and relationships.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.90-102
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identity factors affecting patient adherence and to develop an explanatory model for patient adherence in patients with spinal cord injury. 8 Variables that were based on the previous research and a review of literature were used to construct hypothetical model. Social support, economic status, perceived barrier, patient provider relationship and rehabilitation related knowledge were the exogenous variables, depression, self-efficacy and patient adherence were the endogenous variables. Methods: Data form 117 patients with SCI were analysed to test the hypothetical model, using SAS and LISREL 8.53 program. Results: The overall fitness of the model was good (GFI=.991, AGFI=.915, NNFI=1.299, NFI=.953, p=.632) Depression, powerlessness, economic status were the strong factors influencing patient adherence. Powerlessness was significant factors for self-efficacy. Conclusion: To improve of patient adherence should focus on nursing intervention for depression, powerlessness and economic status.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to identify the correlations among academic stress and adjustment at university life in university students. Methods: A total of 489 subjects aged 17 and 36 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self reported questionnaire from September 2 to November 30, 2015. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN. Results: There were statistical differences between academic stress and adjustment at university life. Academic stress were significantly different according to gender, grade, economic status, health status major department of study, drinking and smoking. Adjustment at university life were significantly different according to gender, economic status, health status. 25.4% of variance in adjustment at university life were explained by academic stress, major department of study, health status. Conclusion: The finding of this study may be useful in understanding the academic stress expression of university students and developing more specific programs on adjustment at university life.