• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.42
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• pp.397-422
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• 2000

Since 1998 when economic assistance from IMF started, the empirical research on the effects of unemployment and drastic income loss on psychological functioning among the unemployed as well as their family members has increased. These studies have found that unemployment and drastic income loss following unemployment have significant negative influence on the psychological outcomes such as anxiety and depression of the unemployed and their family members. Studies have also focused on the role of social support in this process, and reported that depending on the levels of received social support, unemployment and income loss have differential effects on the psychological aspects of the unemployed. However, these studies have several weaknesses. First, most of the related studies employed the data which were collected from limited regions of the country, which imposes limitations on the scope of the generalizability of research findings. Second, the main independent variables used in these studies were mainly unemployment or income loss, which ignore the psychological evaluation by the employed of their family financial situations. Third, in analyzing the moderating effects of social support, most studies have focused mainly on showing the existence of moderating effects by social support. Consequently, the nature and role of social support remained unanalyzed and left to speculations. The purpose, of this study is to examine the effects of economic pressure experienced by family heads who were unemployed and to analyze the moderating role of social support based on a nationally representative sample. The findings showed that economic pressure has negative influence on anxiety and depressive feelings among the unemployed, and that the effect of economic pressure on depressive feelings were substantially higher among those who have received lower levels of social support from family members than that among those with higher levels of family support.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.3 s.205
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• pp.105-118
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• 2005

The purposes or this study were to compare and analyze the differences between the elderly in their own home and those in facilities in terms of their self-esteem, death anxiety, depression level and psychological characteristics. The subjects were the 386 elderly over 55 living in home and in facilities, free or paid. They had no physical or cognitive disabilities and were living in Daegu city, Kyungbuk and Kyungnam province. There were significant differences in self-esteem, death anxiety, depression level and the path to depression between the two elderly groups with the elderly in facilities showing negative aspects of psychological characteristics. The problems of caregiving for the elderly should be covered by social welfare.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the quality of recovery and influential factors on the quality of recovery after cardiac surgery. Methods: 198 patients undergone cardiac surgery were asked to fill in a self-reported questionnaire about the quality of recovery, anxiety, depression including social support at discharge. The collected data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, correlation and stepwised multiple regression. Results: The mean scores of quality of recovery at discharge after cardiac surgery was 2.04 on a 3 point scale. Influential factors on the quality of recovery after cardiac surgery were depression(p=.001) and anxiety(p=.027), which disclosed 44.2% of explanation. Depression was the most influential factor. Conclusion: The influential factors on the quality of recovery at discharge after cardiac surgery were depression and anxiety. More studies will be required to reduce depression and anxiety in patients undergone cardiac surgery.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

We reviewed the scientific literature on psychological effects of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive (CBRNE) disaster, which is one of the biggest threat to modern society. CBRNE disaster has the potential to cause specific physical symptoms and psychological distress in victims ; moreover, various toxic symptoms and carcinogenesis/mutation would be an important issue. Bioterrorism can cause localized outbreaks of infectious disease or pandemic disaster. Somatization as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms and depression are the characteristic psychological symptoms in CBRNE disaster's victims. CBRNE disasters could lead to large-scale public fear and social chaos due to the difficulties involved in verifying the extent of exposure and unfamiliar area to the common people. In the evacuation process, problems associated with adjustment and conflict between victims and residents should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 1990

The research is a comparative study of death attitudes between male and female elderly people. There is no doubt as to the inevitability of death. And yet, there is a vast conspiracy involved in the word of dead or death. The aged are considered to be nearer death than are people in other age groups. Kalish(1976) emphasized that for the aged two meanings of death have significance for evaluating their life ; first, that older people are known to have a limited life time and face death ; second that older people are known to have suffered many death-imposed losses that are often associated with the dying process. In considering these implications, the level of anxiety regarding death and dying is a crucial factor in determining mental health. In the study, 152 male elderly and 145 female elderly residing in Seoul, Korea was compared on the four dimensions of death anxiety and assigned personal variables. Therefore, the purpose the research was (1) to examine the characteristics of subjects on the independent variables(age, marital status, family relationship, social activities, religiousity etc.) ; (2) to examine the relationship between the independent variables and each dimension of death axniety ; (3) to determine the proportion of variance in the respective of death anxiety which is accounted for by the respective independent variables ; (4) to examine whether a significant difference between the respective independent variables and each dimension of death anxiety has ; (5) to determine the combination of variables which is the most successful in explaining the variance in death anxiety. Finding from this study support the following conclusions; 1. There was a significant differences between the male and female subjects in the level of death anxiety. In turn, the male older adults had lower death anxiety than did the female elderly. This implies that male tend to look forward to death rather than deny it. 2. As there was evidences from several studies, this research found that fear of death decreases as age increases. 3. The following two variables that correlate best with dying anxiety of others in both male and female older adults : 'marriage life', 'social interaction'. 4. The variables 'age' and 'children' for both female and male elderly accounted for the most variance in death anxiety of self. The findings of the study lend this investigator several suggestions, implications and recommendations for future research. There can be no death without life, and conversely, no life without death. Psychologists and health-related professionals may be learn as much about death as they can in order to develop more healthy attitudes and in order to be able to better aid and comfort dying people and their familities. Perhaps most importantly, professionals may be help those who are not faced with death at present to develop an understanding of it and healthy attitudes toward it. The programs of death education are needed for dedication to the evitability of death and the preparation of life for the older adults. More seminars, symposiums and research on death attitudes are needed. Finally, study for female older adults has been negelected topic in the areas of women's study and health education. Future study, for female elderly, have to deeply investigate where those problems come from and how to cope with in order to the female elderly segment can live the rest of their lives in satisfaction with well-being.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.323-331
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• 2011

Objective: This study aimed to examine the level of risk perception related to pesticide contamination of food products and associated sociodemographic factors, as well as investigate the association with environmental pollution preventive behaviors. Methods: Based on data from Social Survey conducted in 2008 among a nationally representative sample of the population 15 years or older, we estimated proportions and 95% confidence intervals of the risk perception of pesticide contamination of food products. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the effects of sociodemographic status on risk perception. Results: Among respondents, those who feel anxious about the risks of pesticide contamination of domestic food products accounted for 40.4%, whereas the proportion rose to 87.0% with imported food products. These numbers showed that levels of anxiety about the pesticide contamination of imported food products were ranked at the top, and those for domestic products were at the bottom of the list of all environmental pollutants examined in the survey. Significantly related factors to anxiety about pesticide contamination of food products included women, the 40-50 age group, university graduates, married, non-manual employment, having school-aged children, and owning one's own home. The population attempting to prevent environmental pollution showed higher levels of anxiety about pesticide contamination of food products than did those who were not taking such steps. Conclusion: Compared to other forms of environmental pollution, Koreans show the highest levels of anxiety about pesticide contamination of imported food products. Therefore, it is necessary to establish appropriate regulations and transparent risk communication with the public about the safety of imported food.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.433-441
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of psychosocial support, death preparedness, and ego integrity on death anxiety in old people. The participant of this study were the elderly who attended welfare centers, worked in their workplaces, or lived at their home in Seoul regions, from whom this study had collected their data from February to May 2017. A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed and 329 copies of them were used for its final analysis using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical programs. According to the results of this study, psychosocial support had no statistically significant effect on death anxiety, whereas death preparedness and ego integrity had statistically significant effects on death anxiety. Based upon these research results, this study suggested that it is necessary to develop death education and counseling programs as policy supports and practical methods for helping old people to accept their death positively, reintegrate their ego, and perform their successful aging.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2022

Purpose : This study was to compare and analyze major factors related to smartphone addiction according to the gender of health-related college students. Methods : 720 people who voluntarily participated and agreed to fill out the questionnaire were randomly sampled. Smartphone addiction was measured using the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV), sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), anxiety symptoms were measured using the self-assessment anxiety scale (SAS), and depression symptoms were measured using the self-assessment depression scale (SDS). In addition, the age of each individual and the main function of smartphone use were also investigated. Results : The prevalence of smartphone addiction was higher among female students than male students (p<.05), while male students mainly played games and female students mainly used multimedia (video/music) viewing and social networking services (p<.05). In addition, male students showed a high association with smartphone addiction in the group where games were the main function of smartphone use, the group with low sleep quality, and the group with anxiety symptoms (p<.05), but for female students, multimedia (video/music) Or, the group in which social networking service is the main function of smartphone use, the group with low sleep quality, and the group with symptoms of anxiety and depression showed a high correlation with smartphone addiction (p<.05). Conclusion : It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for providing customized solutions considering the characteristics of smartphone addicts.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.117-149
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• 2011

This study examined the relationship between discrimination experienced by children of multicultural families and their psychological distress. As new minorities growing up with bicultural identities in Korean society, children from multicultural families are often exposed to racial discrimination and such experience often acts as a stressor in their everyday life. In order to examine the effect of discrimination on their psychological distress as well as the role of social support, a survey was conducted in 25 elementary schools in Daejeon city and Chungnam and Chungbuk province. Results indicated that children's experiences of discrimination significantly affected their psychological distress level that the more they were exposed to discrimination, the higher levels of depression and anxiety they experienced. Among social support domains, only peer support was found to be significantly related to both the experience of discrimination and their depression and anxiety levels. Supporting the social support deterioration model, the findings showed that more experiences of discrimination led to reduced peer support which in turn, increased the likelihood of being depressed and anxious. Peer support was also significant in partially mediating the discrimination-psychological distress relationship. Implications for social work practice with children from multicultural families are provided.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.33-46
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the influential factors on health behavior of the middle and elderly generations in a rural community. Methods: The subjects of this study were 495 people. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: 1. The differences of health behavior by sample characteristics were found to have significance of age, marital status, residence status, education level, and occupation. 2. The level of health behavior was related positively to the level of social support and self-efficacy. The level of health behavior was related negatively to the level of anxiety and depression. 3. The multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of health behavior was 'social support,' followed by anxiety and self-efficacy. A combination of social support (42.1%), anxiety (3.0%) and self-efficacy (0.8%) accounted for 45.9% of the variance in health behavior in the middle and elderly subjects. Conclusions:. The findings of this study could be effectively used to develop a practical management strategy to help promote health and health behavior of the middle and elderly people living in rural communities. In addition, the one idea to be emphasized should be the development of efficient health education programs that can have a favorable effect on the middle and elderly generations' physical, psychological and social health.