• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

This paper explores the influences of the traditional Chinese culture on social relations in China. It provides an introduction to the concept of Guanxi, the notion that social connections are based on socially situated reciprocity. This is different from social interaction in Western society that is based on self-interest and equity. Guanxi represents the foundation of social networks in many Eastern countries. As such, the study of social networks in China requires scholars to examine Guanxi networks. The paper demonstrates how a Guanxi perspective might be added to the examination of various theories that comprise structural (network) theory, including social capital theory, social exchange theory, cognitive and contagion theories, and the role of homophily for the study of Chinese society and its social organizations.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2024

Since the beginning of 2015, corporate social responsibility (CSR) models have been changing in connection with the trend towards the transition of joint value creation of corporate activities and consideration of stakeholders' interests. The purpose of the academic paper lies in empirically studying the current practice of social responsibility of transnational corporations (TNCs). The research methodology has combined the method of qualitative analysis, the method of cases of agricultural holdings in emerging markets within the framework of resource theory, institutional theory and stakeholders' theory. The results show that the practice of CSR is integrated into the strategy of sustainable development of TNCs, which determine the methods, techniques and forms of communication, as well as areas of stakeholders' responsibility. The internal practice of CSR is aimed at developing norms and standards of moral behaviour with stakeholders in order to maximize economic and social goals. Economic goals are focused not only on making a profit, but also on minimizing costs due to the potential risks of corruption, fraud, conflict of interest. The system of corporate social responsibility of modern TNCs is clearly regulated by internal documents that define the list of interested parties and stakeholders, their areas of responsibility, greatly simplifying the processes of cooperation and responsibility. As a result, corporations form their own internal institutional environment. Ethical norms help to avoid the risks of opportunistic behaviour of personnel, conflicts of interest, cases of bribery, corruption, and fraud. The theoretical value of the research lies in supplementing the theory of CSR in the context of the importance of a complex, systematic approach to integrating the theory of resources, institutional theory, theory of stakeholders in the development of strategies for sustainable development of TNCs, the practice of corporate governance and social responsibility.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2017

Purpose: In Korea, market size of social commerce has been increased steadily and highly, but profits of social commerce companies have been decreased because of excessive marketing cost. To overcome this stagnant market environment, new marketing strategy that could attract customers and make customers continue to use social commerce is required instead of cost consuming marketing strategy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among characteristics of social commerce - that is, economic value and information quality - usefulness, enjoyment, satisfaction and repurchase intention by applying motivation theory to the area of social commerce. Design/Methodology/Approach: Previous researches have been studied by applying Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) Model, although there are many studies related with customer acceptance model in the field of e-commerce. However, there is not so many studies in applying motivation theory. So this study adopts new approach to examine why customers use social commerce based on motivation theory. Thus, this study adopts economic value and information quality as antecedents, and then customers will perceive extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; usefulness is extrinsic and enjoyment is intrinsic, and adopts satisfaction and repurchase intention as a dependent variable. The data of questionnaire were collected from customers who have experience to buy something in social commerce. 228 questionnaires as data unit of individual level were collected using random sampling. Findings: This study proved empirically that the relationship between antecedents and motivation factors has a positive influence, and motivation factors also have a positive influence on repurchase intention through satisfaction. This study provides the managers an insight that social commerce companies should pay more attention to improve customer satisfaction in order to increase higher performance in repurchase intention of social commerce.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.215-227
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• 2021

This study empirically studied the factors affecting the intensity of use of mobile social media and fatigue. Theories for the research framework were based on the theory of planned behavior, the theory of private information protection, the theory of flow, and the theory of process incentives. As a result of data analysis, it was found that self-efficacy, user habits, and flow experience positively influence the intensity of mobile social media use. This study assumed that personal information protection issues negatively affect the intensity of mobile social media use, but have little influence on the use intensity. The intensity of media use had a positive effect on media fatigue. In other words, when the intensity of using mobile social media increased, the feeling of fatigue increased. The expected process incentives variable did not show a moderating effect between media use intensity and social media fatigue. The findings will have implications for social media-related companies and organizations that want to use social media tools for business and public services.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2016

Purpose - Key account management is a supplier company initiated relational approach that has received great attention from both academics and practitioners manifested in the business-to-business relationship literatures. However, there is widespread debate and contention on what should be the underlying theoretical base for defining this vital part of relationship marketing. With the insights from the social exchange theory, present paper explores how social exchange affects the dynamic nature of key account management relationship at the organizational level. Research design, data, and methodology - The paper follows a comprehensive review approach to examine the relationship between social exchange theory and key account management approach. Conceptual arguments and findings are assessed across studies with the main objective of showing how social exchange theory develops the governance mechanism in maintaining the key account relationship. Results - Since relational norm is considered as a glue for the maintenance of buyer-seller relationship in social exchange theory, factors develop the non-contractual governance mechanism 'relationship' in business-to-business relationship and this norm replaces or supplements more formal governance mechanisms such as contracts are explored. Conclusions - This paper advances central relational norm to manage the company's most important key customers and demonstrates how this norm can be developed in buyer-seller key account relationship. Implications from this new perspective are forwarded.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.119-139
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to examine the implications of Habermas's Critical Theory, which has been considered as modern descendant of enlightenment thought, on the social work profession. The focus of this paper is a critical examination on expected perceptual and practical gain provided by communicative theory for the professional relations between social workers and clients. This paper proves that Habermas's theory has failed to sufficiently grasp the scope and functions of social work practice. First, in regard to perceptual gains, Habermas's theory commits some kind of reductionism which considers communicative behaviors as only and original one. It is likely to limit the scope and extent of the function and mission of social work into a kind of communication performed by humans with communicative ability. Second, in regard of practical gains, Habermas's theory does not provide detail procedure of power-free communication nor critical criteria to evaluate the degree of ideal speech situation. Without these ones, Habermas's critical theory might play a role of liberal conservatism, which is trying to replace the substantial contents with procedural formality. In sum, to be a adequate theoretical and practical framework for social work, Habermas's theory needs to combine additional humanitarian considerations into communicative paradigm with more detail requirements and preconditions for ideal speech situations between professional and clients.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

Religious intolerance has become a common feature of many countries in recent times. Studies have revealed a worldwide increase in government regulations and social hostilities against religious beliefs and practices. The stifling impact of both government and society on the market for religion, warrants closer scrutiny. This study examines the relationship between government regulations and social hostilities towards religious beliefs and practices, for the period of 2001-2011 for a sample of 45 European countries. The Generalized Method of Moments dynamic panel estimation technique is employed to analyze the micro panel dataset of 45 European countries, to establish the possible relationships that may exist between these variables. The theoretical framework for this study is based on the Religious Economies Theory and the Supply Side Theory of Religion. The results of this study show evidence of the positive relationship between government regulations and social hostility. Interestingly, the study also revealed that the impact of social hostility on the level of government restrictions is smaller in magnitude compared to the reverse impact of government restrictions on social hostilities, indicating the dangerous role played by governments in inciting social hostilities, when they regulate or restrict religious beliefs and practices.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.90-102
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• 2014

By integrating useful insights from social cognitive theory and social capital theory, we aim to develop a model for better understanding people's behaviors related to the use of social networking sites (SNSs) and formalize the role of social capital in individuals' continuous SNS use. Propositions that emphasize the triadic interactive relationships among environmental, personal, and behavioral factors were highlighted in this study. After reviewing previous studies, in this paper we proposed the following: (1) the causation between SNS use and individuals' perceived social capital might be mutual; social capital may not only be the result of media selectivity, but could also be an essential stimulus initiating the start of using SNSs; (2) the influences of SNSs use on the generation of individuals' online social capital might be conditional upon particular patterns of use; (3) both the level of dependence on SNSs and the differentiated patterns of SNSs use vary according to individuals' perceived offline social capital and their personal characteristics, for instance, personality or self-construal, and social anxiety.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.163-186
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• 2012

With the development of Internet and transition to information society, social capital is expanding to online from the traditional offline context. Especially with the widespread of social network service(SNS) the number of SNS users is increasing sharply and the importance of online social capital has been more and more significant. Most studies on social capital focused on organizational aspects but few studies have payed attention to personal aspect. Empirical studies on the relation between SNS and social capital were seldom conducted in previous studies. Based on the theory of social capital this study targets on the relationship formed through SNS and analyzes on how the relationship affects the perceived social capital. In this study 'self-presentation', 'playfulness' and 'critical mass' are posited as the antecedent factors of 'SNS usage'. This study proposes a research model to examine the effect of 'SNS usage' on 'relationship reinforcement', 'relationship building' and 'perceived social capital'. According to the results of empirical analysis, 'self-presentation', 'playfulness' and 'critical mass' can generate significant positive influence on 'SNS usage'. It also confirms not only the effect of 'relationship reinforcement' and 'relationship building' formed through SNS on 'perceived social capital' but also relationship between the social capital formation and SNS usage. The outcome obtained in this study can be applied in developing SNS services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2003

With more and more people paying attention to substantial democracy, participatory democracy is presented as a practical strategy and an index of Korean democracy. In this social and political atmosphere, participation in environmental planning and design is essential. Nonetheless, the true meaning of “participation” is not used properly because many people do not understand it correctly, The concept of social and political participation is “the action or attempt of ordinary members of society for affecting on the result of decision making.” Based on this concept, participation is accomplished through conventional means and as a form of mobilization in environmental planning and desist Most of the theories on public participation in landscape architecture are technical theories. Therefore, this paper proposes that planning and design of landscape architecture be understood as a communicative action that aims to enable stakeholders to reach a consensus through communication. This study offers the framework of theory to understand and practice planning and design of landscape architecture as a communicative action, after reviewing communicative action theory and communicative planning theory. Results suggest that communicative action theory should be accepted in landscape architecture to overcome the shortcomings of instrumental rationality -- the same way planning theory accepted this theory --and to join the culture of experts focusing on the artistic truth and the culture of life of the world. In addition, accepting communicative action theory enables the acquisition of the instrumental effect and social learning effect and the making of social capital. This study also suggested prerequisite for using the method. There should be change in the social institution and in individual action. In addition the method is composed of three steps: creating the atmosphere for communication; communicating, and; reaching a consensus among stakeholders. Finally, raising the possibility of applying the theory presented in this study requires the accumulation of know-how through trial and error.