• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2009

Marginal Loss Factor(MLF) is represented as the sensitivity of transmission loss, which is computed from the change of the generation at slack bus by the change of the load at the arbitrary bus. The MLF dependent on the selection of slack bus is one of the key factors affecting nodal pricing, Genco's profits, social welfare(SW) and Nash Equilibrium in a competitive electricity market. This paper addresses the methodology of slack bus selection by using Cournot model of Cost Based Pool market. Numerical results from sample cases show that the slack bus of MLF of the highest average is beneficial from the view points of SW.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.5-30
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• 2013

The concept of resilience in complex and adaptive socio-economic systems, has been a buzz word in international societies and academies related to policy makers for sustainable development since some years ago. This paper deals with an application of the resilient concept, which has been told since the last some decades in the field of ecology and applied system sciences, to social science especially in system dynamics. First the author introduces the concept of equilibrium stability and resilience in simple dynamic models, and moreover provides the behavioral characteristics and examples of system resilience in terms of system dynamics. The concept of resilience in structural perspectives are also discussed with the topics of panarchy and adaptive renewal cycles, etc.

• 지역연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1994

The purpose of this paper is to present the optimal investment conditions of SOC facilities for maximizing regional social welfare in implementing the urban development project in the theoretical fashion. Particularily, SOC facilities are divided into both supply-side($P_s$) and demand-side SOC ($P_d$) in the paper. General equilibrium analysis from the intra-regional viewpoint by utilizing Pareto's Optimal Conditions and by revising Samuleson's Conditions for public goods($P_s$ and $P_d$) results in the optimum pattern of SOC investment. The following are important implications from the analysis. First, rather than the pursue social equity, SOC investment is to resolve the issue of efficiency to activate the regional economy. Second, the marginal rate of transformation (MRT) between $P_s$ and $P_d$ in the region is to play a significant role in structuring SOC investment plant of local government for social welfare maximization. Third, the optimal SOC investment policy based on this regional economy but also to generate the enhancement of soical amenities of the residents.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2016

This study analyzes how breach fee under long-term contract and/or cap regulation on the breach fee can affect the impacts of "Mobile Device Distribution Improvement Act" on handset bundle price, average revenue per unit (ARPU), and social welfare. We conduct comparative analysis with an economic model of duopoly competition in price when users are under long-term contract and the breach fee can be regulated. The results show that the Act lowers the equilibrium prices, lower than incumbent price without the Act. Price of non-dominant Mobile Network Operator (MNO) can be lower than poaching price without the Act if significant portion of switching cost is breach fee or the market is significantly asymmetric. Under the significant circumstances, the Act can raise ARPU even though it improves social welfare. By contrast, the Act increases consumer surplus without affecting social welfare if breach fee is the only source of user's switching cost and is capped by the regulation, and more symmetric market and the stronger cap leads to higher consumer surplus.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2009

본 연구는 구역혼잡통행료(Area pricing)와 진입통행료(Cordon pricing)의 최적 부과경계와 요금수준을 탐색하고 이들 두 방식이 차선정책수단으로서 최선의 정책수단인 이론적 혼잡통행료에 비해 교통혼잡의 완화와 후생상 어떤 차별적 효과가 있는지를 보여준다. 본 연구는 장기적으로 혼잡통행료가 생산 및 소비시장과 토지시장의 균형을 변화시킴에 따라 이들을 고려하기 위해 일반균형조건 아래 단핵도시에서 징수방식들을 비교하고 있다. 연구결과 구역혼잡통행료와 진입통행료의 최적 부과경계는 도시반경이 22km인 경우 도시 중심으로부터 3km 떨어진 구역경계에 동일하게 위치하며 최적 부과경계 아래 최적 요금은 구역혼잡통행료가 진입통행료에 비하여 약간 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 이론적 혼잡통행료에 가장 근접한 사회적 효용 개선효과를 발생시키는 징수방식은 구역혼잡통행료이며 진입통행료가 구역혼잡통행료 보다 낮은 개선효과를 발생시키는 것으로 평가되었다. 교통환경 개선효과 역시 사회적 효용개선효과와 동일하게 통행속도와 일일 평균통행시간에서 구역혼잡통행료가 진입통행료에 비하여 높은 개선효과를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2021

Although there are several studies on the impact of pesticides use, there is no consistent conclusion about such evidence on capturing the socioeconomic independence. The propose of this paper is to investigate the economy-wide impact of pesticide use in Thailand. The research data and methodology in this paper are depended on a social accounting matrix framework incorporating the pesticide-related illness as an additional sector, following Resosudarmo and Thorbecke (1998), to explain the impact of the pesticides on the related agricultural sector, food sector, and the social welfare of different households. Thus, the main characteristics of the Thai economy can be comprehensively described by providing information contained in this framework. In this respect, the several data sets are constructed to include the economic and social structure interdependencies, which are necessary to analyze the policy implications, especially industrial policy. The results were analyzed according to the general equilibrium theory and the Leontief multiplier matrix. It reveals that the food industry and the economy are significantly affected by the pesticides. One of the most interesting findings of this paper suggest that the food sector needs to determine its output to avoid bottleneck situations and create equality across the food production system.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2019

In Korea, origin labeling is one of the main issues in the food service sector. Many restaurants presented the incorrect or no origin of the food material, and Korean consumers have kept complaining about it. Even though the origin labeling program was welcomed by consumers, the food service sector has claimed that there is an increasing cost due to the origin labeling program. It is an important issue to determine whether the origin labeling program is good for the social welfare; however, the specific effects of the origin labeling program have rarely been measured. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of origin labeling of beef in the Korean food service sector. Through survey and model analyses, a few findings are presented. First, Korean consumers showed a positive willingness-to-pay for the origin labeling of beef. Especially, consumers without information on the origin of the beef showed a larger willingness-to-pay for the origin labeling. Second, the origin labeling of beef changed the price and quantity of beef, and this change became larger when the consumers had no information on the origin of the beef. The change in the marketing margin due to the origin labeling program also affected the changes in the price and quantity of the beef. Third, the origin labeling of beef increased the social welfare, which is the sum of the consumer surplus and producer surplus. And this increase of the social welfare became larger when the consumers had no information about the origin.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1117-1126
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• 2022

This study analyzed the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility and ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) score on information asymmetry from the perspective of investors, who are important stakeholders of the company. For KOSPI-listed companies from 2017 to 2020, the effect of ESG overall score and each item score (E, S, G) on the bid-ask spread, which is a proxy for information asymmetry, was confirmed. The results are as follows. First, the increase in corporate CSR activities resulted in lowering information asymmetry of investors. It was found that the higher the ESG score, an indicator of CSR activity, the lower the bid-ask spread, which is a proxy variable for information asymmetry. Second, as a result of analysis using ESG scores for each section, information asymmetry decreased as companies with higher scores in the environmental (E) and social (S) aspects, while the governance (G) score did not have a statistically significant effect. The analysis confirmed that corporate CSR activities can contribute to improving market efficiency by resolving information asymmetry of investors and convergence of the stock market into a state of equilibrium. This means that the company's CSR activities are reflected in the investment decision-making, which suggests that the company should consider the investor as a stakeholder in decision-making related to CSR activities.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1996년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 고려대학교, 서울; 26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.182-185
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• 1996

This paper analyzes how the international callback services affect on the international telecommunications market. We present a simple game-theoretic model to compare the equilibrium outcomes before and after the arrival of callback operator. We find that the callback service arises from the inefficiencies in the national telecommunications market and the accounting rate system between international telecommunications carriers. Also, we identify the conflicting interests among the governments and carriers, by examining how the callback service affects the collection rate, quantities demanded, carrier's profit and social welfare of each country.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2007

전통적으로 혼잡통행료는 교통시설의 한계사회비용과 한계개인비용의 차이를 혼잡통행료로 부과함으로써 사용자 균형(user equilibrium)상태의 도로망을 체계최적(system optimum)으로 유도하는 한계비용가격(marginal cost pricing) 또는 최적혼잡통행료(first-optimal pricing)이론에 근거를 두고 있다. 이러한 이론을 기초로 본 연구에서는 가변수요를 갖는 다계층 도로이용자를 대상으로 링크 최적혼잡통행료의 이론적 특성을 살펴보고 혼잡통행료 징수에 따른 계층간 그리고 지역간 형평성을 분석하기 위한 방법론을 연구한다. 여기서, 도로이용자가 경험하는 경로통행비용은 시간요소(통행시간)와 화폐요소(혼잡통행료)의 2가지 판단기준으로 구성되고 시간가치에 의해 하나의 단위로 전환(trade off)이 가능하다. 경로 통행비용이 시간단위로 환산될 경우, 최적혼잡통행료는 시간단위 체계최적 조건으로부터 도출될 수 있고 경로통행비용이 화폐단위로 환산될 경우, 최적혼잡통행료는 화폐단위 체계최적 조건으로부터 도출될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 체계최적 조건으로부터 도출된 최적혼잡통행료를 산정하는 모형을 개발하고 이를 통하여 계층간 형평성을 살펴본다.