• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The influence of age on time preference is not identified in the usual cross-sectional analysis. This study aims to test whether age affects time preference after controlling for the effects of individual heterogeneity including cohort effects. Research design, data and methodology: Drawing on a nationally representative panel dataset of Indonesians, we estimate the effects of age on time preference after controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity as well as potential cohort effects. We measure time preference exploiting information on two sets of multiple price lists: one for a one-year delay, and the other for a five-year delay. Results: When we controlled for time-invariant individual characteristics, including birth cohort effects in a fixed effects model, the older men and women were more patient in a linear fashion, particularly when the delay was longer. To highlight the importance of controlling for individual fixed effects, we repeated the specification without controlling for individual fixed effects in OLS or censored maximum likelihood regression; we found no relation between age and impatience in men or women and for a one or five-year delay. Conclusions: The older men and women are more patient, and time preferences are correlated with unobserved individual heterogeneity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.455-463
• /
• 2021

The main objective of this research was to analyze the influence of digital marketing on purchasing decisions. The research was guided by specific aims; to evaluate numerous digital marketing platforms in Jordan that can affect the purchasing decisions and identify product categories purchased by customers on digital media platforms. Furthermore, questionnaires were given based on a simple sampling technique and acquired in the Jordanian market. 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 220 available samples were gathered, except for incomplete questionnaires, resulting in a 73% response rate to all those who selected to participate. Descriptive analysis, reliability test, correlation test, and multiple regressions were used in this research. Moreover, this study's results demonstrated that digital marketing, such as social media marketing and mobile marketing, has a profound impact on consumer purchasing decisions. However, hypothesis testing demonstrated that there are many patronized digital media platforms in Jordan that affect student behavior. Jordanian students buy various product categories on digital media platforms, and digital marketing affects student decision-making. Finally, the results of this study suggest that firms should adopt strategies to leverage the digital world and technology, increase brand awareness through digital platforms to continue competing in today's commercial environment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.1091-1097
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between employee engagement and individual performance outcomes (including growth, achievement, contribution, and customer satisfaction) in large firms in Thailand, which is rapidly growing as an international business hub. The study took place in Thai offices of multinational corporations, whose performance is both very important for Thailand's overall economy and for the firm's continued presence in Thailand. The study was conducted using a survey methodology. A convenience sample of employees of multinational corporations (n = 423) completed a survey on employee engagement and individual performance outcomes. The data were analyzed using linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was a significant, positive relationship between employee engagement and all four performance outcomes that were targeted. The strongest effect was observed for achievement (β = 0.899), followed by growth (β = 0.887), contribution (β = 0.872), and customer satisfaction (β = .867). These findings indicate that employee engagement is a significant and strong factor that determines the individual performance of employees of multinational corporations. This implies that companies do need to consider how to promote employee engagement. There were some limitations, especially social response bias and the self-reported nature of performance, that limit these findings.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.1139-1145
• /
• 2021

This study is aimed at developing a measurement instrument for the superior product development program of Deli Serdang cassava, Indonesia. This research population is the target population of Deli Serdang Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) which produces cassava. The sample was randomly selected and consisted of 300 MSMEs. The study method is research and development with confirmatory factor analysis using Amos software. The data collection technique was a questionnaire. Study results used the maximum likelihood method which showed that the validity and reliability instruments met the ideal loading factor value > 0.5 and a significance value of p (0.000). The model built also meets the fit criteria based on the Goodness of Fit Model Standard. All instruments are presented to build and measure the superior cassava product development program by Deli Serdang MSMEs. This superior product development program comprises (1) economic contribution (with a loading factor value of 0.76) (2) social aspects (with a loading factor value of 0.76) (3) cultural aspects (with a loading factor value of 0.99) and (4) institutional (with a loading factor value of 0.87). This result means that all instruments have proven construct validity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.1109-1117
• /
• 2021

The main aim of this investigation is to explore the relationships between emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and job satisfaction among employees working in the banking sector. A total of 214 respondents were surveyed for the purpose of this investigation and selected randomly from different banks located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A.). Job Burnout Inventory developed by Maslach and Jackson (1981) was taken into consideration to assess emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and sense of personal accomplishment, and job satisfaction scale was used to measure the degree of satisfaction level of the employees. The collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The most eye-catching findings of the investigation revealed that emotional exhaustion had the greater mean as compared to depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The inverse significant correlation has been observed between emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and job satisfaction while positive and significant relationship was observed between personal accomplishment and job satisfaction. Further, the result of the investigation from regression test indicates that the relationship existed between emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and job satisfaction among employees working in the banking sector in the Kingdom.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.885-896
• /
• 2021

The general role of commercial banks is to provide financial services to the general public and business, ensuring economic and social stability and sustainable growth of the economy. Commercial banks play an important role in mobilizing and channelizing funds for investment activities. This study analyzes the impact of the key financial variables on the net profit of the selected commercial banks in Oman. The study employs times series panel data - cross-sectional analysis of the key financials of five leading commercial banks for a period of 13 years from 2007 to 2019. The results reveal that the correlation matrix of the selected variables has a positive relationship with net profit, assets, deposits, loans, and interest income. However, the findings also shows a negative relationship between net profit and net loans to total deposits ratio. The study found net loans is the main independent variable that influences the profitability of the banks since the key source of revenue comes from the lending operations. The assets, total capital adequacy ratio have a mixed effect on the profitability of commercial banks. The total deposits and capital adequacy ratio have a negative effect on profitability mainly because excessive liquidity will increase the cost of capital and reduce the return on investment. Focusing on lending operations with a sound credit portfolio will improve profitability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.1047-1054
• /
• 2021

University academicians are playing a significant role in nation building and striving hard to impart quality education to students and also instill moral and ethical values in them. The current study aims to determine the relationship between work-life balance (WLB) and satisfaction among academicians. For the study purpose, 154 academicians from different universities with varied designations were selected randomly from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Pareek et al. (2011) constructed and validated a scale to gather responses from respondents with the aim of understanding WLB in relation to satisfaction. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to interpret the results to make the study more authentic and valuable. The study's findings revealed that (i) all facets of WLB have positive relationships with one another, resulting in workplace satisfaction; (ii) the result also reflects that male faculty members have a lot of pressure and responsibility in the universities than the female faculty members which reflect that male are more prone to dissatisfaction in comparison to the dfemale faculty members (iii) the factor personal needs is having the high degree of correlation followed by the social needs. Results indicate that WLB plays a crucial role to provide satisfaction and surely ignite new information in the contemporary knowledge of work life balance among the Saudi Arabian Universities.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.205-230
• /
• 2021

This study examines the impact of the number of coronavirus cases on regime-switching in stock return volatility. This study documents the empirical evidence that the COVID-19 cases had an asymmetric effect on the regime of stock return volatility. When the stock return is in the low volatility regime, the probability of switching to the high volatility regime in the next trading day increases as the number of cumulative cases increases. In contrast, in the high volatility regime, the effect of cumulative cases on the transition probability is not statistically significant. This study also documents the evidence that the government measures against the pandemic contribute to promoting the high volatility regime of the KOSPI during the pandemic. Besides, this study projects future stock prices through the Monte Carlo simulation based on the estimated parameters and the predicted number of the COVID-19 new cases. Under a scenario where the number of new cases rapidly increases, stock price indices in Korea are expected to be in a downward trend over the next three months. On the other hand, under the moderate scenario and the best scenario, the stock indices are likely to continue to rise.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2019

Internet-based financial services are being increasingly integrated into consumers' daily lives. Internet-only banks have emerged as a powerful tool accelerating financial inclusion. This study investigates the satisfaction and continuous use intention predictors for Internet-only banks. We employed an extended post-acceptance model and used six antecedent factors that included perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, privacy risk, functional risk, subjective norms, and network externality. All 351 participants used Internet-only banks and were 20-40 years of age. A self-administration online survey was conducted. SPSS 23.0 analyzed the frequency, description, and multiple regression analysis. The results of current study are as follows. The education, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and network externality positively influenced the satisfaction of Internet-only banks. Privacy risk negatively influenced satisfaction with Internet-only banks. Perceived ease of use, subjective norm, network externality, and satisfaction positively influenced the continuous use intention of Internet-only banks. The results of our study provide a better explanation of important factors that could enhance the understanding of satisfaction and continuous use intention for Internet-only banks. Furthermore, this study extends the antecedent variables to the knowledge of financial services and enlarges the understanding of users' post-adoption behaviors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.52 no.5
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The validity of instruments measuring socioeconomic position (SEP) has been a major area of concern in research on cardiovascular health disparities. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the current status of the methods used to measure SEP in research on cardiovascular health disparities in Korea and to provide directions for future research. Methods: Relevant articles were obtained through electronic database searches with manual searches of reference lists and no restriction on the date of publication. SEP indicators were categorized into compositional, contextual, composite, and life-course measures. Results: Forty-eight studies published from 2003 to 2018 satisfied the review criteria. Studies utilizing compositional measures mainly relied on a limited number of SEP parameters. In addition, these measures hardly addressed the time-varying and subjective features of SEP. Finding valid contextual measures at the organizational, community, and societal levels that are appropriate to Korea's context remains a challenge, and these are rarely modeled simultaneously. Studies have rarely focused on composite and life-course measures. Conclusions: Future studies should develop and utilize valid compositional and contextual measures and appraise social patterns that vary across time, place, and culture using such measures. Studies should also consider multilevel influences, adding a focus on the interactions between different levels of intertwined SEP factors to advance the design of research. More attention should be given to composite and life-course measures.