• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2011년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.91-91
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• 2011

The quality of the surface layer in concrete structures plays an important role in the durability of the concrete. The concrete factory products are made as they improve the appearance of the surface and compressive strength in need. A common criterion to judge the quality of concrete products frequently seen in our daily life appears to be "beauty" in terms of consistent shaping. However, as for most concrete curb in such areas where a large amount of anti-freezing agents(NaCl) and ice and snow melting agents(CaCl2) are spread over roads to ensure road safety during the winter season, since deterioration advances from the surface, scaling is seen on the surface concrete due to deterioration which combined freezing damage and salt damage. Especially, In cold northern districts, the spreading amount of deicing salts increases by regulation of studded tire use, and the scaling of the concrete products, the various parts of concrete structures for roads is increasing in recent years. In this study, L-shape concrete curb were targeted, the permeable form method with the commercial permeable sheet was applied to it and the improvements of the quality were examined. By the permeable form method, surface layers got strengthened, which prevented permeation of the deterioration factor from the outside, and the scaling resistance of the upper surface where the permeable sheet was applied improved exceedingly. It will be expected by applying the permeable form method to various concrete products that frost resistance improves and scaling damage decreases.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.118-121
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• 2006

Variations in the extent and dispersal of river plume are important in the study of coastal environment. The objectives of this study are to examine relationship between satellite detected plume area and river discharge and to clarify the temporal and spatial dynamic of plume from Tokachi River, Hokaido, Japan. We used 1.1 km spatial resolution of SeaWiFS normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) images from 1998 to 2002. Supervised maximum likelihood classification was implemented to define classes of surface water optical properties. Satellite observed plume area was correlated to the amount of river discharge from April to October. First mode (44% of variance) of EOF analysis shows the turbid plume distribution resulting from re-suspension by strong wind mixing along the coast during winter. This mode also shows plume distribution along-shelf direction in spring and late summer. Second mode (17% of variance) shows spring pattern across-shelf direction due to strong discharge of snow melting water.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Forest area covers 64 % of the national land of Korea and the forest plays a pivotal role in the hydrological process such as flood, drought, runoff, infiltration, evapotranspiration, etc. In this study, soil moisture monitoring for conifer forest in experimental forest of Seoul National University has been conducted using FDR (Frequency Domain Reflection) for 6 different soil layers, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 cm during 2009~2010, and precipitation data was collected from nearby AWS (Automatic Weather Station). Soil moisture monitoring data were used to estimate soil moisture recession constant (SMRC) for analyzing soil moisture recession characteristics. From the results, empirical soil moisture recession equations were estimated and validated to determine the feasibility of the result, and soil moisture contents of measured and calculated showed a similar tendency from April to November. Thus, the results can be applied for soil moisture estimation and provided the basic knowledge in forest soil moisture consumption. Nevertheless, this approach demonstrated applicability limitations during winter and early spring season due to freezing and melting of snow and ice causing peculiar change of soil moisture contents.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2008

본 연구는 도로 상의 눈이나 얼음의 제거에 사용되는 융빙제와 부식방지제 및 저부식성 제설제 그리고 이들의 조합에 대한 성능 및 구조물에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 동결융해 후 무게손실률은 저부식성 제설제가 융빙제와 부식방지제 및 이들의 조합보다 적게 나타났고, 상대동탄성계수 감소는 물, 저부식성 제설제 및 NaCl+JF-1004를 제외하고 융빙제와 부식방지제 및 이들의 조합물들은 동결융해 150사이클 이후에 급격히 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 동결융해 후 콘크리트는 물을 제외하고 상당히 심한 표면 손상을 나타냈다. 융빙 효과는 융빙제와 저부식성 제설제 및 부식방지제의 조합하여 사용할 때가 이들 개별적으로 사용될 때보다 우수한 것으로 나타났고, 저부식성 제설제 및 부식방지제의 단독 사용은 초기 융빙 성능 뿐 아니라 지속성도 현저히 낮아 현장 적용에는 문제가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 강재부식시험의 pH는 저부식성 제설제와 NaCl+JF-1004의 pH는 알칼리성을 띠는 반면에 이외의 나머지에서는 중성에서 산성으로 변화해 가고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 염화나트륨의 조합물이 다른 수용액보다 상당히 빠르게 무게감량이 나타나 강재 부식속도가 빠르게 진행되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상으로부터 도로상의 눈이나 얼음의 제거를 위하여 융빙제의 조합물을 사용 시 최대한 도로 포장 및 교량에 손상이 적게 미치는 조성물에 대한 신중한 선택하여 사용해야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate physicochemical property changes from July 1998 to August 2001 in Mt. Bukhansan National Park. Four water sampling points were selected to measure the quality of stream water in the northeastern part of the Mt. Bukhansan National Park. The results were summarized as follows; In spring, the average pH of stream water was below the first class of the river water quality standard, while it was normal level in summer. The average electrical conductivity was about 2.3~3.3 times higher in downstream water than in upstream water during spring and summer. The contents of anions($Cl^-$, $NO{_3}^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$) were about 1.1~7.4 and 0.4~11.4 times higher in downstream than in upstream water, respectively. These results indicate that water quality was poorer in downstream than in upstream water. We suggest that stream water in the Mt. Bukhansan National Park should be protected from impacts of snow melting mineral particles in spring season and human impacts like wastewater of point source in summer season.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

콘크리트에 전기전도성을 부여하여 확보한 발열 성능을 통해 주택의 난방이나 터널, 도로 또는 교량 상판에 눈녹이는 것이 가능하다. 본 연구는 전기전도 발열 콘크리트 개발을 위한 선행 연구로써 탄소계 전도성 재료인 흑연을 치환한 모르타르의 역학적 특성과 함께 전기저항 및 발열 특성에 대한 실험을 실시한 후 다음과 결과를 얻었다. 토상 흑연 치환율이 증가할수록 압축강도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났으나 전기 저항은 크게 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 발열특성을 보이기 위해서는 흑연의 혼입이 모르타르 전체 체적의 15%이상 이루어져야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 흑연의 혼입이 일정수준이상 이루어져 낮은 전기저항 및 발열특성을 확보한 경우에는 작용하는 전압과 발열량은 높은 상관관계를 가지며 전압의 제곱과 발열온도는 비례관계에 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2014

As a kind of intelligent materials, conductive asphalt concrete has a broad application prospect including melting ice and snow on the pavement, closing cracks in asphalt concrete, sensing pavement damage, and so on. Conductive pavement will be suffered from fatigue failure as conventional pavement in the process of service, and this fatigue damage of internal structure can be induced by electrical signal output. The characteristics of electrical signal variation of conductive asphalt concrete in the process of fatigue cracking were researched in this paper. The whole process was clearly divided into three stages according to resistance changes, and the development of fatigue damage wasn't obvious in stage I and stage II, while in stage III, the synchronicity between the resistance and damage began to appear. Thus, fatigue damage variable D and initial damage value $D_0$ represented by the functions of resistance were introduced in stage III. After calculating the initial damage value $D_0$ under different stress levels, it was concluded that the initial damage value $D_0$ had no noticeable change, just ranged between 0.24 and 0.25. This value represented a critical point which could be used to inform the repair time of early fatigue damage in the conductive asphalt pavement.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 산지가 전국토의 70%를 차지하는 우리 국토의 지형적인 여건과 환경 및 생태계 보존의 중요성으로 인해 도로건설시 구조물(교량 및 터널)의 설치가 증가하는 추세에 있는 최근의 실정에서 터널과 교량으로 연결된 구조물 연속구간에서 차로변경이 제한될 경우, 중차량 등 저속차량으로 인한 고속도로 본선의 소통능력 저하에 대처하기 위한 방안으로 구조물 구간의 차로변경을 허용할 것을 제안하였으며 차로변경 허용시의 필요조건으로 구조적 측면, 안전적 측면, 운전자 편의측면을 검토하여 적절한 차로변경 허용기준을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 1. 우측길어깨가 2.5m 이상인 구조물(교량 또는 터널) 구간. 2. 운전자의 원활한 차로변경을 유도할 수 있도록 도로안내표지, 전광표지판, 노면표지 등 충분한 교통안내시설이 설치 된 곳. 3. 결빙이 우려되는 지역에 설치된 교량의 경우 융설시스템을 구비한 곳. 4. 터널의 경우 터널방재기준(2004.11) 및 터널조명기준(KSA 3703)을 만족하며 터널입 출구부에 결빙방지설비가 구비된곳. 5. 터널 구간 내 전조등을 점등한 차량에 한함.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2016

부도체로 알려져 있는 기존의 콘크리트에 전기 전도성 재료를 혼입하여 발열 콘크리트로서 개발하려는 연구가 90년대 이후 진행되어 왔다. 하지만 콘크리트 시험체의 발열 재현성 확보가 어려워 활발한 연구가 이루어지지 못했다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 융설용 재료로써 활용 가능한 발열 콘크리트 개발을 목적으로, 흑연, 금속분말, 혼화제를 혼입한 시멘트 페이스트 및 모르타르를 제작하여 $-2^{\circ}C$의 저온환경에서의 발열특성과 재현성을 평가하였다. 또한 미세화학분석을 통해 발현 재현성의 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, 흑연과 고성능 AE감수제를 혼입한 시험체가 가장 우수한 발열 성능 및 재현 가능성을 보였다. 이에 따른 미세화학분석 결과, 고성능 AE 감수제 내의 폴리머 혹은 메타크릴산 성분이 흑연과 전기화학적 반응을 일으켜 발열 재현성능을 부여한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.228-239
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• 2009

The observations on climate change show a clear increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface and the oceans, a reduction in the land snow cover, and melting of the sea ice and glaciers. The effects of climate change are likely to include more variable weather, heat waves, increased mean temperature, rains, flooding and droughts. The threat of climate change and global warming on human and animal health is now recognized as a global issue. This presentation is described an overview of the latest scientific knowledge on the impact of climate change on zoonotic diseases. Climate strongly affects agriculture and livestock production and influences animal diseases, vectors and pathogens, and their habitat. Global warming are likely to change the temporal and geographical distribution of infectious diseases, including those that are vector-borne such as West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, bluetongue, malaria and visceral leishmaniasis, and other diarrheal diseases. The distribution and prevalence of vector-borne diseases may be the most significant effect of climate change. The impact of climate change on the emergence and re-emergence of animal diseases has been confirmed by a majority of countries. Emerging zoonotic diseases are increasingly recognized as a global and regional issue with potential serious human health and economic impacts and their current upward trends are likely to continue. Coordinated international responses are therefore essential across veterinary and human health sectors, regions and countries to control and prevent emerging zoonoses. A new early warning and alert systems is developing and introducing for enhancing surveillance and response to zoonotic diseases. And international networks that include public health, research, medical and veterinary laboratories working with zoonotic pathogens should be established and strengthened. Facing this challenging future, the long-term strategies for zoonotic diseases that may be affected by climate change is need for better prevention and control measures in susceptible livestock, wildlife and vectors in Korea. In conclusion, strengthening global, regional and national early warning systems is extremely important, as are coordinated research programmes and subsequent prevention and control measures, and need for the global surveillance network essential for early detection of zoonotic diseases.