• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to provide some basic data for effective prevention and oral health education for oral health. For that purpose, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the boys of three high schools in Gyeonggi Province. Methods : The questionnaire consisted of items about the practice of oral health control and knowledge of decay according to grade, number of snacking, preferred taste, and toothbrushing. Total 487 questionnaires were put to analysis using the SPSS WIN 13.0 program. Results : 1. The biggest number of the boys brushed their teeth twice a day. The 10th graders brushed teeth three times a day, and the 11th and 12th graders tended to brush teeth twice a day(${\chi}^2$=18.21, p<.05). 2. As for the way of toothbrushing, 39.0% of the boys said they brushed teeth the way they felt like, being followed by those who said they brushed teeth turning the toothbrush up and down and brushing both the teeth and gums(32.6%). As for the number of snacking, those who had snacks three times a day or more brushed teeth turning the toothbrush up and down and brushing both the teeth and gums. Those who hardly had snacks more tended to brush teeth the way they felt like than those who had snacks(${\chi}^2$=21.28, p<.05). And as for preferred tastes, those who preferred a sweet and salty taste more tended to brush teeth the way they felt like than others. And those who preferred a hot taste brushed teeth turning the toothbrush up and down and brushing both the teeth and gums(${\chi}^2$=26.85, p<.01). 3. The respondents' percentage of correct answers for 'Decay is caused by bacteria' was 81.5%. Those who preferred a hot taste recorded the highest percentage of correct answers(${\chi}^2$=21.95, p<.00). 4. Their percentage of correct answers for 'Decay is accompanied by pain from the beginning' was 78.2%. The 12th graders had the highest rate of correct answers, and the 11th graders had the highest rate of wrong answers(${\chi}^2$=11.56, p<.00). 5. Their percentage of correct answers for 'Fluorine is helpful to the prevention of decay' was 75.4%. Those who hardly had snacks recorded the highest rate of correct answers(${\chi}^2$=10.05, p<.02). 6. Their percentage of correct answers for 'There is a way to supply fluorine into the waterworks' was 29.2%, which means the percentage of wrong answers was much higher. The percentage of wrong answers was the highest in the 11th grade(${\chi}^2$=7.06, p<.03). 7. The respondents' mean scores of knowledge of decay were 13.15 of total 18. While the 12th graders showed the highest level of knowledge of decay, the 11th graders were lower in the level of knowledge of decay than the other graders. And there were significant differences(F=5.41, p<.01) according to grade with no such differences according to the number of snacking and preferred taste. Conclusions : Oral health education should be applied to the boys all through their life to have a great effect, and it is important that they should always put the oral health education into practice to be a successful education.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2009

In order to investigate how to maintain normal weight under independent living conditions, twenty female university students were enrolled and asked to complete a questionnaire over a 10- day study period. T-test, Spearman's correlation and multiple regression analysis were applied to describe characteristics of weight maintainers' habits on a daily basis. The results were as follows: They always comsumed small or moderate-sized meals. $2{\sim}3$ co-eaters usually had dinner together at home while not watching TV. They also showed healthy eating behaviors such as no snacking, very little amounts of soft drinks, coffee and alcohol consumption. The always normal weight maintainers, however, were not physically active at all. When being with co-eater(s), they ate larger-sized dinners (${\beta}$ = 0.585, $R^2$= 30.6), and the more co-eaters they had at the dinner table, the greater BMI they got (${\beta}$ = 0.547, $R^2$= 29.9). As a result of this study, encouraging young adult people to exercise on a regular basis is required, even though they seem to succeed in maintaining normal weight without being active physically. Further study is necessary to investigate how co-eaters would influence the amount of food eaten.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to investigate physical characteristics, food habits of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellites(GDM). The subjects were consecutive pregnant women, 21 GDM and 43 non-GDM controls who received antenatal care at the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic. There were no significant difference in the mean age between the two groups(GDM:30.8years, non-GDM:30.5years). Significant differences were observed in several anthropometric characteristics such as height(GDM:159.7cm, non-GDM:162.3cm), prepregnancy weight(GDM:61.6kg, non-GDM:54.1kg), body mass index(GDM:23.9kg/$m^2$, non-GDM:20.5kg/$m^2$), and triceps skin fold thicknesses(GDM:30.9mm, non-GDM:24.7mm) between the two groups. The GDM group had an high incidence of(52.4%) family history of diabetes mellitus than those of control group(23.3%). In the GDM group, more irregularities of meals and more bed-time snacking were observed than those of control group. The intake amount of carbohydrates as well as the total energy were significantly higher in the GDM group when thery were compared with the control. These results suggest that the GDM women in Korea do exhibit clearly distinctive anthropometric and dietary characteristics. Nutritional management such as weight control before conception and throughout pregnancy, monitoring total energy and carbohydrate intakes, and implementing more rigorous meal scheduling might be beneficial for the prevention or reduction of the prevalence of the GDM or its complications. (Korean J nutrition 34(2):158~164, 2001)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.442-446
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• 2002

Differences in dietary habits between Korean smokers and non-smokers were investigated using information obtained from 7,370 adults, aged 20 years and older who participated in the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Sulvey. Dietary habit data including: skipping of meals, meal regularity, meal volume, snacking habits, removing fatty portions before eating foods, and dietary supplement intake were collected using a structured questionnaire by interview. Individual smoking data was also collected by interview as part of the health behavior survey. A Chi-square test was used to test the association between the dietary habits and smoking. 66.9% of the men were smokers (daily current or occasional current), while only 6.7% of women smoked. On average, 34.7% of the subjects were smokers. Smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to engage in the following dietary habits considered unhealthy: skipping breakfast, meal irregularity, large dinners, small breakfasts, frequently eating out, and eating food without removing the fatty portion. Therefore, Korean smokers should be provided education to assist them in making healthy dietary choices such as: eating regular meals, small dinners, and removing fatty Portion of foods. The survey also revealed that a substantial percentage (about 20%) of the subjects were taking some kind of dietary supplement, regardless of smoking status. It is, therefore, alto necessary to inform the general public that a balanced diet is the ideal way to obtain nutrients for optimal health.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 1993

This study reports the relationship between life-style and physical, mental health status in college students. The questionnaire survey was carried out from September to October, 1991. The questionnaire included life-style, physical health condition centered on unhealthy habits and complaints about physical symptoms, and mental condition which was assessed by Zung's self-rating depression scale(SDS). Days absent from school during the last year in males(3.6) were significantly more than those in females (1.0). Days catching the common cold were more in females than in males. The amount of complaints and the SDS score were significantly higher in females than in males. In the relationship between physical and mental health status and individual health habits, abscence-days from school significantly correlated with regular life, snacking, physical exercise, smoking, drinking. The amount of complaints and the SDS score were significantly associated with regular life, regular meal-time, eating breakfast, nutritional balance and physical exercise. In the relationship between health practice index to health status, the group having good habits showed significantly less days catching the common cold, less complaints, less SDS score and less amount of stress. It was also shown that life-style correlated with physical and mental health status.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.352-362
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of obesity stress on the eating behavior of elementary school students. Using a questionnaire, 300 students in the sixth grade from 2 schools in Kyunggi-do were surveyed (Boys: N=145, Girls: N=155). Data analysis was managed by SPSS software (version 13.0). The link between obesity stress and eating habits or behaviors was dependent on physical discomfort. There was also a large group of students experienced irregularity in their meal times during the day. Furthermore, there were significant differences in mealtime among boys under psychic stress caused by obesity. In the case of dairy intake during breakfast, the significant signs of obesity stress for were physical discomfort for boys and psychic stress for the girls. It was found for both boys and girls that more frequent midnight snacking decreased the efforts to overcome obesity stress. Therefore, a professional nutrition program that can educate school children must be implemented both in school and at home. In addition to overweight or obesity children, normal weight and underweight children can also benefit from this program that includes health counseling for weight and eating behaviors.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in dietary life, lifestyle factors, and stress status of Chinese students who came to study abroad to South Korea. A total of 143 Chinese students were recruited from Seoul Women's University and Wonkwang University in 2013. We used SPSS 20 for statistical analyses in this study. The mean length of residence was 2.9 years for Chinese students. Most subjects aged 20~29 years immigrated to South Korea to obtain an academic degree (bachelor, master, or doctorate). We found a significant decrease in the frequency of eating fruits and vegetables among Chinese students in South Korea after migration. Further, there was a significant increase in fast food consumption and frequency of late-night snacking and eating out. In addition, their preferred beverage changed from soft drink or tea to coffee after migration. Stress level significantly (P<0.05) increased in male students compared to female students. The high stress group watched more TV when eating compared to the low stress group. In addition, there were more students who perceived their health status as bad in the high stress group. Overall results give us useful information for targeting the most vulnerable subjects and planning nutrition intervention programs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1521-1528
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• 2009

This study aimed to know the association between health practices(Alameda 7) and health state according to Sasang Constitution. We recruited 204 subjects whose age were between 10 and 80, excluding individuals who have physically or psychologically serious diseases, and women in pregnancy among Korean population in Traditional Korea Clinics. They were diagnosed by Sasang constitution specialists and confirmed clinically with Sasang constitution drug response with past medical records. We used the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) to estimate health state related with quality of life. We statistically analyzed association using SPSS 17.0K for window. According to Sasang Constitution, smoking and exercising were associated with health degree in Tae-eumin, smoking, drinking, diet and snacking in So-eumin, and past smoking, drinking, sleeping and exercising in So-yangin. These results suggest that there are different health practices for health promotion according to Sasang constitution. Therefore we have to consider the differences of Sasang constitution in health care plan.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2008

This study was designed to evaluate the relationships among snack intake, obesity index, and blood parameters in obese elementary school children. Anthropometric measurements, nutrient intake from meals and snacks, serum cholesterol, glucose, GOT, GPT, and hemoglobin levels were obtained 36 obese elementary students (boys=28, girls=8). The average age, height, weight, % body fat, and obesity index were 11.9 years, 145.5cm, 53.5kg, 45.7%, and 32.4%, respectively. The mean energy intake was 1,818.7 kcal in boys and 1,818.1 kcal in girls. In addition, the energy intake from snacks was 470.4 kcal in boys and 479.4 kcal in girls. The levels of plant fat (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.001) consumed during snacks (1,000 kcal per energy intake) were higher than those consumed during meals. The serum cholesterol, glucose, and hemoglobin levels were 177.4 mg/dL, 90.4 mg/dL, and 14.5 g/dL, respectively. In addition, the levels of serum GOT (p<0.001) and GPT (p<0.05) were higher in boys than in girls. Height was positively correlated with food intake (p<0.05), snack intake (p<0.05), and energy intake from snacks (p<0.05). Based on these results, further studies are needed in order to investigate the relationships among various aspects of snacking and obesity in elementary school children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to figure out the characteristics of dietary habits and lifestyles related to the development of insulin resistance syndrome(IRS). The participants in this study were 595 adults with one or more abnormal data from a health examination and 215 normal adults. When IRS was defined as a condition in which the subjects have 2 or more abnormalities among obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, the prevalence rate was 37.8%. We classified the 595 adults by the number of components of IRS components they had, the higher age and obesity index they had. Total cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood were also positively related to the number of IRS components. IRS subjects tended to practice less habitual drinking and more exercise and weight control. Coffee consumption and dining out frequency were also lower in the IRS group. An analysis of food habits by odds ratio indicated that total food score was better in the IRS group. However, it appeared that food habits such as \"frequent snacking\" and \"never rejecting offered foods\" need to be improved in IRS subjects. Other undesirable food habits were related to the consumption of eggs, dairy products, fried foods, garlic and onion. Dietary intake of Ca, Fe, riboflavin, Vit A, and energy were less than 75% of the Korean recommended allowance for more than half of the subjects. Nutrient intake was lower, Ca/P ratio from food intake was worse in the IRS group. Our results indicated that nutrition counseling for IRS need to be focused on balanced food intake to supply sufficient amount of each nutrient.nt of each nutrient.