• 패션비즈니스
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1997

This thesis is a reflection of Korean aestheticism and how it has evolved and influenced Korean contemporary fashion throughout the last century. Up to the current, there have been five notable trends of fashion that have been influenced from and have reflected the qualities emblematic of various periods in Korean history. They can be characterized as the era of Missionary fashion, Uniform fashion, Salon fashion, Brand Name Fashion, and finally, fashion from the current era of diversification. The specific characteristics of each fashion era have been analized and illustrated in a comprehensive table. Design characteristics of Korean contemporary fashion are as follows : 1. A point of emphasis is given to facial feature, unconstructive design and ample silhouette and A silhouette, two-piece and pants. Korean style wrap skirt, a smooth curve and layered style. 2. Effect of flatness from material; as methods of quilting, reinforced dual stitching(Kaeki), patchwork, embroidery and goldfoil thread extra, it is turned up that texture of cloth stuff and effects of flatness. 3. Simple color combinations give effects in two different directions For instance, white and a variety of vivid colors, a dull color and bright colors, black, blue. 4. Over-design, diffusion of fashion. Based on the design characteristics described above, the essence of Korea's beauty consciousness can be captured and summarized through the following points: 1. Emotionalism and non-characterism: traditional and simple natural beauty and modernized natural beauty. 2. From authoritism to non-authoritism: traditional and formal personal beauty and casual characteristic beauty. 3. Polaris (antithesis) phenomenon: chastic beauty and ostentatious beauty, simplicity and lavishness, conformity of fashion and originality. Although the beauty consciousness of Korean contemporary fashion is changing from traditional passive metaphor to aesthetic expressionism for the new generation, after all the basic foundation or root of the spiritual beauty of idealism is usually recognized by focusing on the face.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.459-469
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between body-types and skirt-patterns by analyzing various fitting conditions of the skirt patterns in relation to the body-types. To achieve this, fitting tests were done on six types of skirt-patterns. The tests included four body-types selected according to the existing classification of the types of under part of the body. Sensory tests were performed on the existing patterns and new drafting method based on the results of the fitting tests. The results of the fitting tests and sensory test are as follows. 1. The existing skirt-patterns were relatively well-fitted except for certain parts in standard somatotype (body-type A). 2. The new drafting method, designed on the basis of the fitting test on the existing patterns, scored high on all of the eighteen items included in the test This signifies the excellence of the new drafting method. 3. In the case of the allocation between the front and the back, which is the difference between the educational patterns and industrial patterns, the best silhouette was achieved when the hip-line and the waist-line were same sized both in the back and in the front. However, in the case of body-type D it was better when there was a 1cm difference between the back and the front. 4. The number of darts that best fits young persons were found to be eight, to keep their side hip-curve smooth. Further, it is desirable to set the center line of the dart as the vertical waist-line. 5. The best length of the darts were determined to be 12.5cm, 11ch in the back, and 11cm, 9.5cm in the front. Adjustments would be made according to the differing body-types in the range of 0.5cm. 6. The lowerness of the back waist-line for the normal was determined at 1.5cm, with some variations in other body-types. 7. The front waist-line was needed to be 1cm lowered in the case of body-type B, whereas, in the case of body-type D, it was needed to be 1cm raised.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2017

This paper is the fifth investigation on the methods of evaluating flow characteristics in a steady flow bench. In previous studies, several assumptions used in the steady flow bench were examined and it was concluded that the assumption of the solid rotation may lead to serious problems. In addition, though the velocity profiles were improved as the measuring position went downstream, the distributions were far from ideal regardless of the valve angle and evaluation position. The eccentricities were also not sufficiently small to disregard the effect on impulse swirl meter (ISM) measurement. Therefore, the effect of these distribution and eccentricity changes according to the positions needs to be analyzed to discuss the method of flow characteristics estimation. In this context, the effects of evaluation position on the steady flow characteristics were studied. For this purpose, the swirl coefficient and swirl ratio were assessed and compared via measurement of the conventional ISM and calculation based on the velocity by particle image velocimetry(PIV) from 1.75B, 1.75 times bore position apart from the cylinder head, to the 6.00B position. The results show that the swirl coefficients by ISM strictly decrease and the curves as a function of the valve lift become smooth and linear as the measuring position goes downstream. However, the values through the calculation based on the PIV are higher at the farther position due to the approach of the tangential velocity profile to ideal. In addition, there exists an offset effect between the velocity distribution and eccentricity in the low valve lift range when the coefficients are estimated based on the swirl center. Finally, the curve of the swirl ratio by ISM and by PIV evaluation as a function the measuring position intersect around 5.00B plane except at $26^{\circ}$ valve angle.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.258-261
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• 2000

Highly (h00)-oriented (Ba, Sr)TiO$_3$(BST) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on the perovskite LaNiO$_3$(LNO) metallic oxide layer as a bottom electrode. The LNO films were deposited on SiO$_2$/Si substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering method. The crystalline phases of the BST film were characterized by x-ray $\theta$-2$\theta$, $\omega$-rocking curve and $\psi$-scan diffraction measurements. The surface microsturcture observed by scanning electron microscopy was very dense and smooth. The low-frequency dielectric responses of the BST films grown at various substrate temperatures were measured as a function of frequency in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz. The BST films have the dielectric constant of 265 at 1 kHz and showed multiple dielectric relaxation at the low frequency region. The origin of these low-frequency dielectric relaxation are attributed to the ionized space charge carriers such as the oxygen vacancies and defects in BST film, the interfacial polarization in the grain boundary region and the electrode polarization. We studied also on the capacitance-voltage characteristics of BST films.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to distinguish the causes of broken glass on doors or windows when it is originally kept among the remains on the floor in fire site - whether it was broken due to heating or outer power-through test and characteristics of the broken plane including the pattern on the plane. Addition to it, the study tries to find characteristics to judge the point and direction of breakdown through the analysis of glass broken by outer power. With two assumed causes - a) breakdown due to heating and b) breakdown due to outer power-3 pieces of glass plates ($30cm{\times}30cm{\times}5mm$) were tested for each case, getting the results as following: First, for the glass broken due to the change of temperature, the broken plane is of slow and smooth curve without any pattern. Second, for the glass broken due to outer power, with the impact point as the center, the glass shows breakdown of radial type and the side shows breakdown of near-perpendicular type. The far the broken piece is from the impact point, the bigger the size is. The broken piece at the impact point is of long triangle type and the two long planes of the triangle shows semi-arc with the center of breakdown point and the other plane shows opposite pattern. Third, when glass that is damaged by outer power is heated, damaged forms and side patterns of the glass that is damaged by outer power are heated and disappeared.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-36
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• 2015

Characterization of wind flows over a complex terrain, especially mountain-gorge terrain (referred to as the very complex terrain with rolling mountains and deep narrow gorges), is an important issue for design and operation of long-span bridges constructed in this area. In both wind tunnel testing and numerical simulation, a transition section is often used to connect the wind tunnel floor or computational domain bottom and the boundary top of the terrain model in order to generate a smooth flow transition over the edge of the terrain model. Although the transition section plays an important role in simulation of wind field over complex terrain, an appropriate shape needs investigation. In this study, two principles for selecting an appropriate shape of boundary transition section were proposed, and a theoretical curve serving for the mountain-gorge terrain model was derived based on potential flow theory around a circular cylinder. Then a two-dimensional (2-D) simulation was used to compare the flow transition performance between the proposed curved transition section and the traditional ramp transition section in a wind tunnel. Furthermore, the wind velocity field induced by the curved transition section with an equivalent slope of $30^{\circ}$ was investigated in detail, and a parameter called the 'velocity stability factor' was defined; an analytical model for predicting the velocity stability factor was also proposed. The results show that the proposed curved transition section has a better flow transition performance compared with the traditional ramp transition section. The proposed analytical model can also adequately predict the velocity stability factor of the wind field.

• 한국화재조사학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to distinguish the causes of broken glass from doors or windows when it is found being originally kept among the remains on the floor in fire site - whether it was broken due to heating or by outer power through test and the properties of the broken plane including the pattern on the plane. Addition to it, the study tries to find characteristics for judging the point and direction of breakdown through the analysis of glass broken by outer power. With two causes assumed - a. breakdown due to heating and b. breakdown due to outer power - 3 pieces of glass plates $(30cm{\times}30cm{\times}5mm)$ for each case were tested, getting the results as following: 1. For the glass broken due to the change of temperature The broken plane is of slow curve and smooth without any pattern. 2. For the broken due to outer power With the impact point as the center, the shows breakdown of radial type and the side shows breakdown of near-perpendicular type. The far the broken piece is from the impact point, the bigger the size is. The broken piece at the impact point is of long triangle type and the two long planes of the triangle shows semi-arc with the center of breakdown point and the other plane shows opposite pattern 3. Change of the pattern and type of the glass due to outer power The pattern and type of the glass due to outer power shows change due to heatihg.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 1986

전자선 치료시에 납판이나 저융점 합금이 조사면의 형태의 변형을 위하여 사용되고 있다. 콜리메이팅 장치와 마찬가지로 조사면 변형을 위한 물질도 전자선의 출력에 영향을 미친다. 저자들은 폴리스티렌 팬톰에 삽입된 Farmer형 전리함을 이용하여 Clinac-18의 전자선의 변형된 조사면에 대한 출력율을 측정하고 출력율에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 관해 분석했다. 전자선의 출력율은 전자선의 초기 에너지, 콜리메이팅 장치뿐만 아니라 조사면 크기에도 좌우되었다. 변형된 조사면에 대하여 잔자선의 에너지에 관계없이 X-선 콜리메이터와 전자선 어플리케이터의 조합이 고정되면 조사면의 크기 대 출력율은 A/P로 표시된 등가조사면의 크기에 따라 변하지만 조사면의 형태에 대해서는 무시할 수 있었다. 그러나 개조사면에 대한 출력율은 변형조사면의 출력율로부터 예상될 수 없고, 그것들만의 독립적인 관계를 가지고 있었다. 어플리케이터와 콜리메이터의 조합이 고정된 경우에 한해서 판자선의 변형조사면에 대한 출력율은 A/P로서 표시된 등가 조사면 방법에 의하여 구할 수 있다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.42-55
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 중심선 방정식 선정에 따른 노즐 성능 영향성을 확인하고자 하였다. 곡선 방정식과 설계 형상 파라미터를 활용하여 S-형 노즐 3조와 Double S-형 노즐 3조를 설계하였고 노즐 차폐 성능은 차폐율 정의를 이용하여 평가하였다. 그리고 내부 유동을 분석하기 위해 속도 분포도와 압력분포도로 특성을 연구하였고, 노즐 성능 계수로는 총 추력 비(f)와 노즐 단열 효율계수(η)를 통해 노즐의 성능을 평가하였다. 중심선에 따른 S-형 노즐의 성능 영향성을 분석한 결과 출구에서 급격한 곡률 변화가 있는 중심선은 노즐 성능이 우수한 반면 차폐율이 낮은 특징이 있다. 반면에 입구에서 급격한 곡률 변화가 있는 중심선은 노즐 성능이 낮아지고 차폐율이 높은 특징이 있다. Double S-형 노즐은 첫 번째 곡률에서 완만한 특징을 보이는 중심선을 사용하는 것이 노즐 성능과 차폐율이 우수하였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.48.1-48.12
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• 2022

Background: The poor intracellular concentration of enrofloxacin might lead to treatment failure of cow mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants (SASCVs). Objectives: In this study, enrofloxacin composite nanogels were developed to increase the intracellular therapeutic drug concentrations and enhance the efficacy of enrofloxacin against cow mastitis caused by intracellular SASCVs. Methods: Enrofloxacin composite nanogels were formulated by an electrostatic interaction between gelatin (positive charge) and sodium alginate (SA; negative charge) with the help of CaCl₂ (ionic crosslinkers) and optimized by a single factor test using the particle diameter, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), loading capacity (LC), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) as indexes. The formation mechanism, structural characteristics, bioadhesion ability, cellular uptake, and the antibacterial activity of the enrofloxacin composite nanogels against intracellular SASCVs strain were studied systematically. Results: The optimized formulation was comprised of 10 mg/mL (gelatin), 5 mg/mL (SA), and 0.25 mg/mL (CaCl₂). The size, LC, EE, PDI, and ZP of the optimized enrofloxacin composite nanogels were 323.2 ± 4.3 nm, 15.4% ± 0.2%, 69.6% ± 1.3%, 0.11 ± 0.02, and -34.4 ± 0.8 mV, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the enrofloxacin composite nanogels were spherical with a smooth surface and good particle size distributions. In addition, the enrofloxacin composite nanogels could enhance the bioadhesion capacity of enrofloxacin for the SASCVs strain by adhesive studies. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, and minimum biofilm eradication concentration were 2, 4, 4, and 8 ㎍/mL, respectively. The killing rate curve had a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect as increasing drug concentrations induced swifter and more radical killing effects. Conclusions: This study provides a good tendency for developing enrofloxacin composite nanogels for treating cow mastitis caused by intracellular SASCVs and other intracellular bacterial infections.