• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.614-627
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• 2020

During the course of this trial, our team assessed the influence of protease upon the growth performance, the nutrient digestibility, and the expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters within the liver, muscle, and small intestines of broilers. During the first step, our team allocated 600 broilers into four dietary treatments for a period of 35 days in order to measure the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the broilers selected. The separate treatments contained 10 replicates (15 birds per replicate). The treatments were composed of: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) T1, basal diet + 0.03% protease; 3) T2, basal diet + 0.06% protease; and 4) T3, basal diet + 0.09% protease. Next, the broiler chick sample tissue was harvested from the CON and T3 groups in order to conduct gene expression analysis following the feeding trials the broilers underwent. Our team discovered that the broilers fed protease diets possessed increased body weight and an average daily gain, but conversely, had lower feed conversion ratios when their dietary protease levels increased from 0% to 0.09% (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant linear improvements were identified among the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, and amino acids within broilers supplied with protease diets when contrasted and compared with broilers supplied with the basal diet (p < 0.05). In addition, the gene expression of the genes IGF1, IGF2, GH, and LEP in the liver, and the genes MYOD1 and MYOG in the breast muscles, was significantly increased after broilers were fed with a protease diet as compared to broilers that subsisted on a basal diet (p < 0.05). Protease supplementation also raised the expression levels within these amino acid transporters: SCL6A19, SLC7A1, SLC7A7, SLC7A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A9, and SLC15A1, located in the small intestine, when compared to the basal diet (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that protease supplementation in their diet improved the growth performance of broilers via an increase in the expression growth-related genes within broiler liver and muscle tissue. In addition, protease supplementation enhanced broiler digestibility via the upregulation of amino acid transporter expression within the small intestine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.399-403
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• 2015

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment for renal failure and acute poisoning, and uses the patient's peritoneum in the abdomen as a membrane across which fluids and dissolved substances are exchanged from the blood. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and complications of automated peritoneal dialyzer (APD) in dogs with renal failure. PD was performed in 10 dogs using a swan neck catheter (Neonatal, Coviden) and automatic APD. The efficacy for each dog was assessed by calculating urea reduction ratio (URR) and creatinine reduction ratio (CRR). Mean concentrations of pre-dialysis creatinine and blood urea (BUN) were $7.09{\pm}3.84$ and $145.8{\pm}48.5$, respectively. The mean number of peritoneal dialysis cycles applied was $6{\pm}1$ cycles. Peritoneal dialysis resulted in a significant decrease in BUN concentration in 7/10 dogs, while a significant decrease in creatinine concentration in 9/10 dogs. The mean of URR was higher than that of CRR ($0.39{\pm}0.16$ vs $0.38{\pm}0.13$). The mean CRR and URR per dialysis cycles were $0.064{\pm}0.023$ and $0.065{\pm}0.023$, respectively. Complications found in this study were catheter occlusion, subcutaneous dialysate leakage, septic peritonitis, hypoalbuminemia and overhydration. This study found PD using a swan neck catheter and APD machine showed acceptable efficacy for successful peritoneal dialysis in dogs. However, close monitoring is required to minimize the risk of complication.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1470-1477
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• 2006

One hundred and sixty crossbred pigs ($6.62{\pm}0.36kg$) weaned at day $18{\pm}1$ were used to investigate the effects of lactitol and tributyrin on performance, small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The pigs were assigned to one of five dietary groups (4 pens/diet with 8 pigs/pen) and were fed the negative control diet or the negative control diet supplemented with 10 g/kg glutamine (as a positive control), or 3 g/kg lactitol (${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-D-sorbitol), or 5 g/kg tributyrin (butanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester), or 3 g/kg lactitol+5 g/kg tributyrin. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly during the 4-week study. On day 7, four pigs per dietary treatment were sacrificed to examine small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the negative control diet, the positive control diet improved weight gain and feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and over the entire study (p<0.05), and also decreased duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05), but did not alter intestinal enzyme activity (p>0.05). Lactitol improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05), but did not improve weight gain and feed intake, intestinal morphology or enzyme activity (p>0.05). Tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study. Tributyrin significantly decreased crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum, and increased duodenal lactase and ileal maltase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased weight gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, and improved feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased the jejunal villus height, and decreased the duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin also increased jejunal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). (2) Compared with the positive control, tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 (p<0.05), decreased the ileal crypt depth, and improved the duodenal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+ tributyrin improved weight gain during weeks 3-4, improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, increased the ileal villus height, and increased jejunal lactase, sucrase and maltase activity (p<0.05). These results showed that tributyrin improved performance, intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, while the effect of lactitol was very limited. These results also showed that, compared with glutamine, tributyrin was more effective in improving intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, and tributyrin exerted a superior effect in improving performance as weaning progressed. These observations suggest that, as a chemical for repairing intestinal atrophy, glutamine and tributyrin should be used in the first and second periods of the starter phase, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.445-448
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• 2017

A 1.5-year-old neutered male domestic short hair cat was presented with multiple nodular mass, and suspected mast cell tumor on the surface of the right ear, accompanied by submandibular lymph node involvement. Histopathological Examinations and KIT (CD117) immunohistochemical staining was performed after the surgical resection of the entire right ear pinna. This patient was diagnosed with an anaplastic mast cell tumor with a diffuse positive cytoplasmic expression of KIT. Imatinib mesylate was prescribed after surgical resection; the patient presented without recurrence or metastasis for 2 years. Mild leukopenia was observed as the only side effect of imatinib mesylate during medication.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

To estimate the ventilation volume of mechanically ventilated swine farms, various regression models were applied, and errors were compared to select the regression model that can best simulate actual data. Linear regression, linear spline, polynomial regression (degrees 2 and 3), logistic curve, generalized additive model (GAM), and gompertz curve were compared. Overfitting models were excluded even when the error rate was small. The evaluation criteria were root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The evaluation results indicated that degree 3 exhibited the lowest error rate; however, an overestimation contradiction was observed in a certain section. The logistic curve was the most stable and superior to all the models. In the estimation of ventilation volume by all of the models, the estimated ventilation volume of the logistic curve was the smallest except for the model with a large error rate and the overestimated model.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.863-880
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• 2020

Studies conducted in the past decade related to the use of natural antioxidants in meat products revealed the prevalent use of plant-based antioxidative materials added as powders, extracts, or dried or raw materials to meat products. The amount of antioxidative materials varied from 7.8 ppm to 19.8%. Extracts and powders were used in small amounts (ppm to grams) and large amounts (grams to >1%), respectively. Antioxidative materials used in meat products are mainly composed of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which are able to inhibit lipid peroxidation of meat products, thereby preserving meat quality. However, the main ingredients used in processed meat products are the traditional additives, such as sodium erythorbate, sodium hydrosulfite, and synthetic antioxidants, rather than natural antioxidants. This difference could be attributed to changes in the sensory quality or characteristics of meat products using natural antioxidants. Therefore, novel research paradigms to develop meat products are needed, focusing on the multifunctional aspects of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.94-97
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• 2017

A 10-year-old male Schnauzer dog presented with a 1-week history of ataxia, right-sided hemiparesis, and right-sided head tilt. On the basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with neurological examination and cerebrospinal fluid analysis results, a primary brain tumor was suspected. Therapy with imatinib mesylate plus hydroxyurea for 7 weeks was not effective and clinical signs worsened. Chemotherapy was then changed to lomustine plus hydroxyurea. Although the existing clinical signs continued, they did not deteriorate. No change in mass size was observed in subsequent MRI. The subject suddenly died from dyspnea 388 days after initial presentation. In this case, choroid plexus papilloma was definitively diagnosed based on histopathological findings.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to image metastaic lung melanoma model with optimal pre-conditions for animal handling by using $[^{18}F]FDG$ small animal PET and clinical CT. Materials and Methods: The pre-conditions for lung region tumor imaging were 16-22 h fasting and warming temperature at $30^{\circ}C$. Small animal PET image was obtained at 60 min postinjection of 7.4 MBq $[^{18}F]FDG$ and compared pattern of $[^{18}F]FDG$ uptake and glucose standard uptake value (SUVG) of lung region between Ketamine/Xylazine (Ke/Xy) and Isoflurane (Iso) anesthetized group in normal mice. Metastasis tumor mouse model to lung was established by intravenous injection of B16-F10 cells in C57BL/6 mice. In lung metastasis tumor model, $[^{18}F]FDG$ image was obtained and fused with anatomical clinical CT image. Results: Average blood glucose concentration in normal mice were $128.0{\pm}23.87$ and $86.0{\pm}21.65\;mg/dL$ in Ke/Xy group and Iso group, respectively. Ke/Xy group showed 1.5 fold higher blood glucose concentration than Iso group. Lung to Background ratio (L/B) in SUVG image was $8.6{\pm}0.48$ and $12.1{\pm}0.63$ in Ke/Xy group and Iso group, respectively. In tumor detection in lung region, $[^{18}F]FDG$ image of Iso group was better than that of Ke/Xy group, because of high L/B ratio. Metastatic tumor location in $[^{18}F]FDG$ small animal PET image was confirmed by fusion image using clinical CT. Conclusion: Tumor imaging in small animal lung region with $[^{18}F]FDG$ small animal PET should be considered pre-conditions which fasting, warming and an anesthesia during $[^{18}F]FDG$ uptake. Fused imaging with small animal PET and CT image could be useful for the detection of metastatic tumor in lung region.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2002

We authors developed a new small-size birdcage RF coil for animal MR images. And we compared signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the new small coil with a conventional knee coil. The dimension of the low-pass type birdcage coil with 12 elements at 37 MRI system are 13 cm outer diameter, 12 cm inner diameter and 20 cm length. For each element, the width of copper tape is 0.05 mm, thickness is 8 mm and length is 20 cm. The small birdcage coil with 12 elements exhibited 7 resonance modes. The isolation of the quadrature channel could be achieved more than 20 ㏈. The coil quality factor (Q value) was 98.6. The SNR of the animal coil was 243.2 on the average and was about twice as high as the conventional knee coil. The present study successfully demonstrated that the small birdcage coil could provide high quality animal MR images with the improved SNR. Therefore, it is expected that the small birdcage coil could be used in the clinical diagnosis and research studies for veterinary medicine in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2018

An 11 year-old male Korean short-haired cat was presented to local animal hospital due to weight loss, vomiting, and intestinal hypomotility. After the cat was euthanized by poor clinical outcomes, necropsy was performed at Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. At necropsy, the stomach was enlarged and had some nearly complete pellet food and the yellow mucous contents. The lumen of the middle and lower parts of the jejunum became narrow. Histopathologically, medium-sized lymphoid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei enclosed by scant cytoplasm were diffusely proliferated from mucosa to serosa of the small intestine. These findings were mainly observed in the jejunum and slightly in the duodenum and ileum. The monomorphous lymphocytes were 1 to 1.5 times larger than red blood cells and had few mitotic figures. Metastasis of the tumor cells to other organs was not observed. In the result of immunohistochemical analysis for identifying the origin of tumor cells, CD3 was expressed, but $CD79{\alpha}$ was not detected in the infiltrated cells. This case was diagnosed as T cell intestinal lymphoma in a Korean short-haired cat based on the clinical signs, gross findings, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry.