• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 1985

This paper dealt with the distribution of normal mast cells in the spleen, liver and lung on cattle, horses, pigs and dogs, and also degranulation of mast cells in the dogs infected with Rompun (2% Xylazine HCl). The results observed are summarized as follows. Normal mast cells were distributed in spleen, liver and lung on cattle, horse, pig and dog. Mast cells were observed in both red pulp and surroundings of white pulp of the spleen in horse, in the white pulp of the spleen in cattle, in the trabeculae of the spleen in pigs, and in white pulp and red pulp of the spleen in dogs, respectively. Mast cells were observed in the portal triad of the liver in cattle and horses, in both portal triad and interlobular connective tissues of the liver in pigs, and not only the portal triad but also walls of the sinusoids and the central veins in dogs. A large number of mast cells were observed in the interlobular septa and peribronchioles of lung on all the species in this experiment. The mast cells are more numerous in the lungs than other organs. Author considers that numbers of normal mast cells distributed in the tissue is related to the dosage of Rompun in animal. The degranulation of mast cells were observed in the subcutaneous tissues of dog intramuscularly injected with Rompun(0.5ml/times) for 4 or 5 times and subcutaneously injected with Rompun(0.3ml/times) for 4 times. In dog intradermally injected with 0.1ml of Rompun, mast cells were decreased in number at 30 minutes and markedly decreased in number at 2 hours, but more or less increased in number at 3 hours after injection. In addition, the granules of the mast cells were decreased in number at 30 minutes and marked degranulation of the mast cells were recognized at 2 hours after injections, but normal mast cells begun to appear in subcutaneous tissue with the lapse of time from 3 hours after injection. There was also observed local infiltration of neutrophils in subcutaneous tissues of dogs intradermally injected with 0.1ml of Rompun at 30 minutes. At 2 hours after injection, numerous neutrophils and a small number of eosinophils were observed in the site of injection. Conclusionally, Rompun was regarded as a factor which causes the degranulateon of mast cell and the authors considered that histamine released from the mast cells by Rompun might cause relaxation of skeletal muscle.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2014

MicroRNAs comprise a family of small noncoding RNAs that modulate physiological processes, including adipogenesis. MicroRNA-17 (miR-17) promotes adipocyte differentiation and enhances lipid accumulation. The transcriptional regulation of miR-17 during adipogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether miR-17 is a target of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), which is a key regulator of adipogenesis. The levels of miR-17 and the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ increased after the induction of adipocyte differentiation. Three putative peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs) were identified in the miR-17 promoter region. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, we observed the interaction of $PPAR{\gamma}$ with the miR-17 promoter. Mutagenesis experiments showed that the -677/-655 region of the miR-17 promoter could function as a PPRE site. These results suggest that $PPAR{\gamma}$ is essential for transcriptional activation of the miR-17 gene, thereby contributing to understanding the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis in adipocytes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.204-211
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to establish an experimental rabbit model for single-stage maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement. Methods: Twelve mature New Zealand white rabbits were used for the experiments. The rabbit maxillary sinuses were divided into 3 groups according to sinus augmentation materials: blood clot (BC), autogenous bone (AB), and bovine-derived hydroxyapatite (BHA). Small titanium implants were simultaneously placed in the animals during the sinus augmentation procedure. The rabbits were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks after surgery and were observed histologically. Histomorphometric analyses using image analysis software were also performed to evaluate the parameters related to bone regeneration and implant-bone integration. Results: The BC group showed an evident collapse of the sinus membrane and limited new bone formation around the original sinus floor at 4 and 8 weeks. In the AB group, the sinus membrane was well retained above the implant apex, and new bone formation was significant at both examination periods. The BHA group also showed retention of the elevated sinus membrane above the screw apex and evident new bone formation at both points in time. The total area of the mineral component (TMA) in the area of interest and the bone-to-implant contact did not show any significant differences among all the groups. In the AB group, the TMA had significantly decreased from 4 to 8 weeks. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the rabbit sinus model showed satisfactory results in the comparison of different grafting conditions in single-stage sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement. We found that the rabbit model was useful for maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.79-97
• /
• 2012

This study examines on the impact of biodiversity in circular greenspace of Cheongju city since 2002 greenbelt release. Research has carried out to investigate the biotope pattern change with landscape fragmentation. Major landscape fragmentation has occurred with development of residential sector and build-up of major highways. Settlement has been expanded to the entire area connected to urban district excluding the eastern forest. North-south district shows high road density, where inter-regional roads meet in the cross-section. It is found that landscape fragmentation impact on species richness as well as population size of the species varies depending on the animal species. The birds show high species richness in N2, N3, N4, S2(north-south zone) even with high fragmentation rate. This can be explained that birds can access to aquatic environment where they can find abundant food resources. The amphibians and the reptiles show almost no zonal variation in species richness than the birds. The more a zone fragmented in small patches, the species richness of the amphibians and the reptiles also tends to be declined. Information accumulation on biodiversity for integrating landscape planning in urban planning, various level of community participation in decision making process, and cross border cooperation with neighbouring Cheongwon-gun will be required for sustainable greenspace management of Cheongju City.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.380-385
• /
• 2008

Microstomia can be occurred as a result of direct injury to tissues such as chemical, thermal and electrical burns, and animal bites. It also may be secondary to contracture of burned perioral skin, or may result from scarring after reconstructive lip surgery. Narrowing of the oral aperture is not only disfiguring, but also limiting the oral access needed for introduction of food, insertion of dentures, oral hygiene, and dental treatment. Limited mouth opening may also interfere with mastication and speech. Few reports exist regarding correction of microstomia and reconstruction of the corners of the mouth. A 16-year-old girl with a bilateral cleft lip and palate presented with the limited mouth opening (approximately 20 mm), the esthetic problem due to the small lip, and the cleft lip-nasal deformity. The microstomia was corrected by bilateral commissuroplasty using "over and out" buccal mucosa flaps proposed by Converse. The intercommissure distance was increased from the preoperative 40 mm to the postoperative 60 mm. The one-year postoperative intercommissure distance was 54 mm, because the 6 mm relapse was occurred. The bilateral commissuroplasty using "over and out" buccal mucosa flap could increase the width and general size of the oral aperture and improve the lip appearance.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 2013

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) was traditionally grown on a small scale, however, at present its cultivation is getting momentum in terms of food and animal feed crop throughtout the Korea. Grain mold symptoms of the plant were frequently observed during disease surveys in Korea from 2007 to 2009. The symptoms were highly variable. Severely infected grain was fully covered with mold and partially infected grain may look normal or discolored. Ninety isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from the diseased plants collected from several locations in the country. Among the collected Fusarium isolates, 41 were identified as Fusarium thapsinum, 23 as F. proliferatum, 12 as F. graminearum, 5 as F. incarnatum, and 3 as F. equiseti based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Elongation factor 1 alpha gene sequences of the isolates were used for phylogenetic analysis. Analyses of the sequences revealed that the isolates were confirmed to be identical with related species of NCBI GenBank. Pathogenicity tests showed that three dominant species, F. thapsinum, F. proliferatum and F. graminearum were strongly virulent to grains of sorghum. This study is the first report of sorghum grain mold caused by Fusarium species in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 1988

This experiment was carried out to study the properties of casein micelles obtained from colostral skim milk. As lactation was progressed from parturition until 240h after calving, the content of total protein decreased while the proportion of casein to whey protein increased. Fractionaltion according to the site of casein micelle was done by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 x g for 10 minutes(pellet 1), 30 minutes(pellet 2) and 60 mintes(pellet 3) and the serum casein was prepared by acid precipitation of final supernatant at pH 4.6. During the lactation period, the relative amount of pellet 1(large size) decreased, that of pellet 2(middle size) maintained nearly constant level except for pllet from parturition, that of pellet 3(small size) increased, and the serum casein showed almost constant level. The relative amounts of ${\alpha}_{s1}-casein\;and\;{\alpha}_{s2}-casein\;and\;{\beta}-casein-5P$ in the pellets decreased and that of x-casein increased markedly with decreasing micelle size, but the relative amounts of ${\beta}-casein-1P$(f 29-209), (f 106-209) and (f 108-209) showed little change. The composition of the serum casein was different from that of the skim milk casein.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.67 no.5
• /
• pp.436-444
• /
• 2009

Background: Micro computed tomography (CT) is rapidly developing as an imaging tool, especially for mice, which have become the experimental animal of choice for many pulmonary disease studies. We evaluated the usefulness of micro CT for evaluating lung fibrosis in the murine model of bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Methods: The control mice (n=10) were treated with saline. The murine model of lung fibrosis (n=60) was established by administering bleomycin intra-tracheally. Among the 70 mice, only 20 mice had successful imaging analyses. We analyzed the micro CT and pathological findings and examined the correlation between imaging scoring in micro CT and histological scoring of pulmonary inflammation or fibrosis. Results: The control group showed normal findings on micro CT. The abnormal findings on micro CT performed at 3 weeks after the administration of bleomycin were ground-glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation. At 6 weeks after bleomycin administration, micro CT showed various patterns such as GGO, consolidation, bronchiectasis, small nodules, and reticular opacity. GGO (r=0.84) and consolidation (r=0.69) on micro CT were significantly correlated with histological scoring that reflected pulmonary inflammation (p<0.05). In addition, bronchiectasis (r=0.63) and reticular opacity (r=0.83) on micro CT shown at 6 weeks after bleomycin administration correlated with histological scoring that reflected lung fibrosis (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that micro CT findings from a murine model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis reflect pathologic findings, and micro CT may be useful for predicting bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2007

Background: Lipo-prostaglandin E1 (Lipo-$PGE_1$) has vasodilating and platelet aggregation inhibitory characteristics and it has been used as a treatment for patients with blood flow dysfunction disease. Based on the mechanisms of lumbar spinal stenosis, including veno congestion, neuro-ischemia and mechanical compression, we aimed to study whether intravenous Lipo-$PGE_1$ injection has any therapeutic effect on hyperalgesia in a rat foraminal stenosis model. Methods: In this study, twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control (n = 10) and Lipo-$PGE_1$ (n = 10) groups. A small stainless steel rod was inserted into the L5-6 intervertebral foramen to induce intervertebral foramen stenosis and chronic DRG compression. In the Lipo-$PGE_1$ group, $0.15{\mu}g/kg$ of Lipo-$PGE_1$ were injected intravenously via a tail vein for 10 days starting from the $3^{rd}$ day after operation. Behavioral testing for mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia was performed for 3 weeks after the injections. Results: From the $10^{th}$ day after Lipo-$PGE_1$ injection, the rats in the experimental group showed significant recovery of their mechanical threshold, and this effect was maintained for 3 weeks. No significant differences of the thermal hyperalgesia were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that intravenously injected Lipo-$PGE_1$ may be effective for alleviating neuropathic pain, which isthe main symptom of spinal stenosis, by improving the blood flow dysfunction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.973-990
• /
• 1996

To investigate diagnostic imaging of cystitis and to apply it to the small animal practice, ultrasonogram of urinary bladder with moderate distension(4ml/kg) and with complete distension(9ml/kg) to evaluate the irregularity and thickness of bladder, radiography and histopathological examination were performed after experimental cystitis induction. On double contrast cystography, mucosal membrane of the urinary bladder was smooth and thickening urinary bladder wall was not found before cystitis induction. At 3rd day post induction(PI), mucosal irregularity was noted at the cranioventral region of the urinary bladder. Thickening of the urinary bladder wall and filling defect was observed as well. Cystographic findings of 7, 10, 15, 21 day PI were similar to that of 3rd day PI. On ultrasonographic findings of the mural thickness in induction group, it was ascertain that the mural thickness with moderate distention was more thickened than with complete distention at transverse scan. Ultrasonographic findings at longitudinal scan were similar to those of transverse scan. On ultrasonographic findings of mucosal irregularity in induction group, from PI to 7 day PI, mucosal irregularity with moderate distention was more irregular than mucosal irregularity with complete distention. At 10 day PI, there was similarity between moderate distention and complete distention. On histopathologic examination of a section of urinary bladder taken 3 day PI, the mucosal and submucosa were infiltrated by a mixture of thick inflammatory exudate which was composed of neutrophil, plasma protein, bacterial colony and necrotic cells. Congestion, hemorrhage and edema were also observed in the submucosa. At 7th day PI, the mucosal change was similar to that of 3rd day PI, but neovascularization and fibroplasia were observed in the submucosa. At 15th and 21th day PI, mild hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium was observed in the mucosa. Deposition of collagen, neovascularization and severe diffuse infiltration of lymphocyte were observed. These results suggest that ultrasonographic examination with moderate distention is considered to be a more simple, rapid, noninvasive, sensitive and useful diagnostic method than other diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of the cystitis and the differential diagnosis of urinary tract infection.