• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.123-124
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• 2019

This paper proposes an improved deep learning method based on small data sets for animal image classification. Firstly, we use a CNN to build a training model for small data sets, and use data augmentation to expand the data samples of the training set. Secondly, using the pre-trained network on large-scale datasets, such as VGG16, the bottleneck features in the small dataset are extracted and to be stored in two NumPy files as new training datasets and test datasets. Finally, training a fully connected network with the new datasets. In this paper, we use Kaggle famous Dogs vs Cats dataset as the experimental dataset, which is a two-category classification dataset.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.28.1-28.7
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• 2023

A three-year-old female spayed Lurcher was referred for the treatment of a highly comminuted distal tibial articular fracture. Resection of the area of comminution with a transverse osteotomy of the tibial diaphysis and talar ridges was performed, followed by modified pantarsal arthrodesis and a calcaneotibial screw. The treatment resulted in 7 cm of tibial shortening, equating to a 28% reduction in the total tibial length. Radiographic union of the arthrodesis was successful. Fair use of the pelvic limb was documented long-term. Combined acute limb shortening and modified pantarsal arthrodesis resulted in an acceptable outcome and could be considered in cases of highly comminuted distal tibial fractures.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.693-702
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a commercially viable method for synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) using the linoleic acid fraction obtained from six pork by-products (liver, lung, heart, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine). The workflow of CLA synthesis from each by-product was as follows: washing${\rightarrow}$crude fat extraction${\rightarrow}$fractionation into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids${\rightarrow}$repeat unsaturated fatty acid fractionation${\rightarrow}$CLA synthesis. Cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10, cis-12 CLA was synthesized from pork by-products. The yield of CLA synthesis of pork by-products ranged from 1.55 to 11.18 g per 100 g of by-products. The amount of synthesized CLA was the highest in the small intestine and large intestine by-products. Fractionation of pork by-products nearly doubled the yield of CLA. We suggest that commercial fractionation methods could increase the yield of CLA at low cost, reduce waste, and improve the efficiency of by-product utilization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.726-732
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• 2004

In this manuscript, a review of the diversity of Chinese indigenous goat breeds according to data from body stature and appearance, chromosome group, blood proteins, DNA molecular markers (mitochondria DNA, random amplified polymorphic DNA, microsatellite DNA, major histocompatibility complex) has been introduced. All of these provide efficient tools for the diversity analysis of Chinese indigenous goat breeds and are very important for biodiversity conservation, restoration of declining goat breeds, the priority defining in Chinese indigenous goat breeds' protection and the selection of nature preservation zones. Many Chinese indigenous goat breeds with small population size in the isolated mountains or reservoir areas are verging the potential threat of extinction, effectively lost with the rapid destroying of ecological environment. On the other hand, as a result of the introduction of modern commercial goat breeds and shortage of effective conservation, some populations, such as Small-xiang goat and Tibetan goat decrease rapidly in number of sires. In the interests of the long-term future of the goat breeds in China, conservation of goat breeds' genetic resources should be considered urgently and some conservation measures should be adopted. In addition, the continuing development of molecular biology will further enhance conservation of diversity of Chinese indigenous goat breeds.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

We investigated the effects of stunning methods and gas treatments during slaughter on the quality characteristics of chicken breast and small intestine. Broilers (Ross 308) were stunned and slaughtered using halal, CO₂, or N₂ gas stunning methods (for 10 birds). After slaughter, the pH, proximate composition, color, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and shear force of chicken breast muscle and small intestine were determined. Compared with the halal treatment, CO₂ treatment resulted in higher pH and lower cooking loss (P<0.05), and the pH, color, and shear force of chicken breast muscle with N₂ treatment were similar to those of the halal treatment (P>0.05). Compared with the halal treatment, the gas treatments resulted in lower pH and lightness and higher redness, yellowness, thickness, and shear force of the small intestine (P<0.05). However, compared with the CO₂ treatment, the N₂ treatment resulted in lower pH, redness, and yellowness, and higher lightness, thickness, and shear force. Overall, compared with the halal method, our results suggest that the use of N₂ gas suppresses the discoloration and deterioration of the texture of chicken meat and small intestine caused by CO₂ gas treatment in the gas stunning method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2013

Four Luxi beef cattle ($400{\pm}10$ kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square to assess the effects of soybean small peptide (SSP) infusion on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and flow of nutrient in the gastrointestinal tract. The ruminal infusion of SSP was 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 g/d. Ruminal SSP infusion linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) increased microbial protein synthesis and rumen ammonia-N concentration. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acid were linearly increased (p = 0.029) by infusion SSP. Rumen samples were obtained for analysis of microbial ecology by real-time PCR. Populations of rumen Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Streptococcus bovis, Ciliate protozoa, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Prevotella ruminicola were expressed as a proportion of total Rumen bacterial 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA). Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens populations which related to total bacterial 16S rDNA were increased (p<0.05), while Streptococcus bovis populations were linearly (p = 0.049) and quadratically (p = 0.020) decreased by infusion of SSP. Apparent rumen digestibility of DM and NDF were (Q, p<0.05; L, p<0.05) increased with infusion SSP. Total tract digestion of DM, OM and NDF were linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) increased by infusing SSP. The flow of total amino acids (AA), essential amino acids (EAA) and individual amino acids were linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) increased with infusion SSP. The digestibility of Lysine was quadratically (p = 0.033) increased and apparent degradability of Arginine was linearly (p = 0.032) and quadratically (p = 0.042) increased with infusion SSP. The results indicated that infusion SSP could improve nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and AA availability.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.187-193
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• 2016

A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. This study aims to show that the actions of growth factors associated with PDGFR-${\alpha}$, PDGFR-${\beta}$, VEGFR-2, c-KIT, and c-ABL, which are used in veterinary medicine, are expressed in canine intractable tumors. This study used archival cases of canine paraganglioma, gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Tissues had been immunohistochemical analysis. The antibodies used were PDGFR-${\alpha}$, PDGFR-${\beta}$, c-kit, VEGFR-2, and c-Abl. PDGFR-${\alpha}$ was expressed only in HCC, and PDGFR-${\beta}$ was expressed in all tumors. VEGFR was also only expressed in HCC, and c-KIT has been expressed in HCC, paraganglioma, and small intestinal adenocarcinoma. c-Abl was expressed in all cancers, but was weakly expressed in paraganglioma, while more than moderately expressed in other tissues. In conclusion, this study investigated how TKIs used in human medicine can be applied to canine intractable tumors, through immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that there may be an application for TKIs in treating canine intractable tumors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.632-636
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of removal of all ovarian follicles through repeated transvaginal follicle aspiration (TVFA) on the subsequent follicular populations in buffaloes. This information is crucial for determining the optimum time interval between successive aspirations for recovering oocytes from live buffaloes through Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval (TVOR). The oestrus of cycling buffaloes (n=5) were synchronized by a single PGF injection schedule. All the ovarian follicles were removed once every 7 days for 6 weeks through TVFA, starting from Day 7 of the oestrous cycle (Day 0 = day of oestrus). The number and size of individual ovarian follicles was recorded at Day 3 and Day 5 (Day 0 = day of TVFA) through transrectal ultrasonography. The follicles were classified on the basis of their diameter as small (3-5 mm), medium (6-9 mm) and large ($\geq$10 mm). There was no difference in the number of small and medium follicles, and the number of total follicles between Day 3 and Day 5. However, the number of large follicles was significantly higher (p<0.05) at Day 5 than that at Day 3. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the proportion of small follicles and an increase (p<0.05) in the proportion of large follicles from Day 3 to Day 5, with no change in the proportion of medium follicles. The number of total follicles at Day 3 or Day 5 did not differ during the 6 TVFA sessions. It can be concluded that an interval of 3 days is more suitable than that of 5 days between successive aspirations for recovering oocytes through TVOR in a twice weekly schedule and that repeated removal of follicles through TVFA does not adversely affect the number of total follicles 3 or 5 days after TVFA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese medicine granule (CMG, including Cortex Phellodendron, Atractylodes Rhizome, Agastache Rugosa and Gypsum Fibrosum) on absorption and transport of glucose in porcine small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) under heat stress. Forty-eight 2-month-old Chinese experimental barrows were screened according to weight and litter origin, and then allotted to three groups and treated as follows: Normal temperature control group (NTCG; $23^{\circ}C$), high temperature control group (HTCG; $26^{\circ}C$ for 19 h, $40^{\circ}C$ for 5 h); Chinese medicine granule anti-stress group (CMGG; $26^{\circ}C$ for 19 h, $40^{\circ}C$ for 5 h) (n = 16 per group). The results showed that high temperature treatment decreased (p<0.05) the growth performance and intestinal glucose absorption but there was no change (p>0.05) in the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in the small intestine of pigs compared with the NTCG. Dietary supplementation with CMG improved the growth performance, and increased the activity of disaccharidases in duodenum and jejunum of heat stressed pigs (p<0.05). CMG treatment increased (p<0.05) the protein levels of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the small intestine, and up-regulated (p<0.05) the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in the duodenum and jejunum but without changing (p>0.05) them in the ileum compared with the HTCG. These results indicated that CMG treatment significantly improved porcine growth performance, and increased intestinal glucose absorption and transport by BBMVs under heat stress, in addition to up-regulating the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in porcine duodenum and jejunum.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.273-276
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• 2013

Two Korean black goat (approx. 2 and 3 years old) showing diarrhea and chronic weight loss were submitted to Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. At necropsy, there were thickening of small intestine and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes. Microscopically, they had granulomatous enteritis in the small and large intestine and granulomatous lymphadenitis. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and acid fast stain, strong positive reaction and acid-fast rod bacteria were detected. According to the result of histopathology and PCR, we confirmed this case as Johne's disease. As far as we know, this is the first report of Johne's disease in Korean black goat.