• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 2003

Numerical research has been done for the transverse jet behind a rearward-facings step in turbulent supersonic flow without chemical reaction. Purpose of transverse jet is to enhance mixing of the fuel in the combustor. Two-dimensional unsteady flowfields generated by slot injection into supersonic flow are numerically simulated with the Navier-Stokes equations with two-equation k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model. Numerical method is used high-order upwind TVD scheme. Eight cases are computed for different slot momentum flux ratios and slot position at downstream of the step. The flow is very similar to the cavity flow, because the jet acts as an obstacle. The numerical results thus show the periodic phenomenon.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 2007

The slot-die coating & calcination process was adopted to fabricate the long YBCO precursor films on the buffered metal tape for the $2^{nd}$ generation coated conductors. To obtain the smooth and crack-free surface of long YBCO precursor films, the parameters of slot-die coating and the process variables of calcination step must be optimized simultaneously in reel-to-reel method. Among the parameter of slot-die coating process, the viscosities of the precursor solution was controlled from 60cP to 200cP to obtain the thicker films from on single coating. The slot-die gap, the injection rate of precursor solution, the moving speed of buffered metal tape etc. are controlled lot the full coverage and smooth surface of YBCO precursor films. The slot-die coated films are moved through the tube furnace with predetermined heating profiles in humid oxygen ambient The YBCO precursor films was identifed with $Y_2O_3,\;BaF_2$, and CuO phase by XRD and consisted of fine grains of about 20nm size observed by FE-SEM. The YBCO films show the critical current density over $MA/cm^2$ using the precursor films formed by the continuous slot-die coating & calcination process.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2014

To enhance torque density by harmonic current injection, optimal slot/pole combinations for five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCW) are chosen. The synchronous and the third harmonic winding factors are calculated for a series of slot/pole combinations. Two five-phase PMSM, with general FSCW (GFSCW) and modular stator FSCW (MFSCW), are analyzed and compared in detail, including the stator structures, star of slots diagrams, and MMF harmonic analysis based on the winding function theory. The analytical results are verified by finite element method, the torque characteristics and phase back-EMF are also taken into considerations. Results show that the MFSCW PMSM can produce higher average torque, while characterized by more MMF harmonic contents and larger ripple torque.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.15-20
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• 2001

Two-dimensional steady flowfields generated by slot injection into supersonic flow are numerically simulated by the integration of Navier-stokes equation with two-equation $\kappa-\epsilon$ turbulence model. High-order upwind scheme is used on unstructured adaptive meshes. The numerical results are compared with experimental data in terms of surface static pressure distributions, the length of the upstream separation region, and the height of the Mach surface for steady flowfields with a Mach number of 3.71 and a unit Reynolds number of $5.83\times10^6/m$.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2003

An experimental study has been carried out as a basic research for development of the friction drag reduction technology for ships by polymer injection. Experimental apparatus and procedures have been devised and prepared to measure the changes of the wall friction with injection of a polymer solution and basic experimental data on the friction drag reduction are obtained for a turbulent fiat-plate boundary layer and fully-developed channel flows. Variations of the friction drag reduction with some important parameters of polymer injection, such as the concentration of polymer solution, its injection flow rate and the measuring position downstream from the injection slot, are also investigated. Important experimental data and results obtained in the present study are presented. The amount of friction drag reduction up to 50% is observed.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.263-270
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• 2017

Hydraulic rock splitting is a technique which leads to failure of rockmass by means of water injection with a pressure higher than the tensile strength of rockmass, using straddle packer installed in boreholes drilled from free surface. Field tests were conducted in this study for several slopes of biotite granite according to various designs for borehole layout and water injection. Test results showed that new cracks were generated to connect to adjacent holes or that pre-existed cracks were propagated by injection, finally leading to failure. In particular, this study suggests the possibility of controlling the direction of generated cracks with guide slot, since new cracks were generated parallel to the guide slots carved on a borehole wall before injection. Various types of borehole layout and injection methods should be further developed for the practical uses, considering the factors influencing on crack generation.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.553-558
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• 2001

To find the effective combinations of blowing ratio and injection angle for a straight slot film cooling, film cooling characteristics was investigated using both flow visualization experiment and numerical simulation. Injection angles from $15^{\circ}\;to\;50^{\circ}$ and blowing ratios from 0.2 to 3.0 were selected for the simulation. Comparison between experimental and numerical results shows a good agreement, for the case of the injection angle of $30^{\circ}$ and blowing ratio ranging from 0.55 to 2.0. Film cooling effectiveness was found to be an increasing function of blowing ratio. The effects of injection angle became prominent as the blowing ratio increases. An interesting phenomenon was found for the injection angle of $15^{\circ}$ : the lowest film cooling effectiveness for the blowing ratio smaller than 1.0, but the highest film cooling effectiveness for the blowing ratio greater than 2.0 within wide range of downstream region. There exist optimum injection angles corresponding to maximum film cooling effectiveness : injection angle of $25^{\circ}$ for the blowing ratio from 0.2 to 2.0, and injection angle of $15^{\circ}$ for the blowing ratio of 3.0. Present study provides a design combination among film cooling effectiveness, blowing ratio, and injection angle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

The flowfield in a solid rocket motor was simulated at the wall-injection test model, which has a fin-slot grain and submerged nozzle, and visualized by a smoke-wire. The high speed CCD camera captured the visualized images around the nozzle inlet through the grain center port. The vortical tube structure and circumferential flow patterns at the nozzle throat were visualized. The radial momentum transfer caused by the shear-interactions of slot-outlet flow, fin-base flow and grain port flow from upstream worked as the source of these phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2014

This paper presents an experimental study of a vibration-assisted dry micro-wire electrical discharge machining (${\mu}$-WEDM) utilized in high precision and micro-manufacturing area. The assisted vibration was applied to the workpiece using a piezoelectric actuator, and high pressure air was injected directly into the machining gap through a nozzle. Investigation experiments were performed to estimate the importance of input parameters and it was observed from experiment results that the width (kerf) of the cutting slot and the machining time were significantly affected by the air injection pressure and input energy. Moreover, it was also observed that there exists an optimal relationship between the machining time and input parameters including the air pressure and vibration frequency and amplitude. Central composite design based experiments were also carried out, and empirical models of the machining time and cutting slot kerf have been developed using the response surface methodology to analyze and optimize the process.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.3529-3533
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• 2007

The advantages of the SITVC(secondary injection thrust vector control) technique over mechanical thrust vector systems include a reduction in both the nozzle weight and complexity due to the elimination of the mechanical actuators that are used in conventional vectoring. Computational study is performed to understand the fluidic thrust vectoring control of an axisymmetric nozzle, in which secondary gas injection is made in the divergent section of the nozzle. The nozzle has a design mach number 3. The effect of injection hole number and shape of secondary jet on the mach number distribution of SITVC were investigated. The standard ${\kappa}$ - ${\epsilon}$ turbulence model solved the complex three-dimensional nozzle flows perturbed by the secondary gas jet. The numerical code was validated by experiment. The results showed that the mach number distribution of circular and square nozzle are similar each other. As number of second injection hole increasing, a effect of deflection was decreased.