• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2018

Seismic fragility curves of concrete cylindrical tanks are determined using the finite element method. Vulnerabilities including sloshing of contents, tensile cracking and compression failure of the tank wall due to bending are accounted for. Effects of wall flexibility, fixity at the base, and height-diameter ratio on the response are investigated. Tall, medium and squat tanks are considered. The dynamic analysis is implemented using the horizontal components of consistent earthquakes. The study shows that generally taller tanks are more vulnerable to all of the failure modes considered. Among the modes of failure, the bending capacity of wall was shown to be the critical design parameter.

• International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 2015

Experimental studies were conducted on the liquid sloshing characteristics in a spherical tank covered with a flexible membrane. A spherical acrylic tank with 145.2 mm in radius was used as a test tank, and it was half-filled with water. Silicon membranes with 0.2 mm thickness were used as a test membrane with plane or hemispherical types. The test tank was harmonically excited in a vertical direction by an electro-dynamic exciter. In this case, a parametric instability vibration comes up when the excitation frequency is twice the natural frequency. Parametric instability regions of natural modes were measured for three cases, i.e. liquid surface is free, covered with plane membrane and hemi-spherical membrane.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2011

A pressurizer in a small integral type pressurized water reactor is located inside the upper region of the reactor vessel, and uses a space between the upper head of the reactor vessel and the upper region of the upper guide structure which is partially filled with fluid depending on the operating power. This new design requires a comprehensive investigation of vibration characteristics. This study investigates the modal characteristics of a pressurizer which uses a simplified cylindrical shell model, focusing on how having fluid in the shell affects vibration and response characteristics. In addition, an analysis of sloshing is performed and the response characteristics are addressed.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.390-403
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• 2017

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method has a good adaptability for the simulation of free surface flow problems. There are two forms of SPH. One is weak compressible SPH and the other one is incompressible SPH (ISPH). Compared with the former one, ISPH method performs better in many cases. ISPH based on Rankine source solution can perform better than traditional ISPH, as it can use larger stepping length by avoiding the second order derivative in pressure Poisson equation. However, ISPH_R method needs to solve the sparse linear matrix for pressure Poisson equation, which is one of the most expensive parts during one time stepping calculation. Iterative methods are normally used for solving Poisson equation with large particle numbers. However, there are many iterative methods available and the question for using which one is still open. In this paper, three iterative methods, CGS, Bi-CGstab and GMRES are compared, which are suitable and typical for large unsymmetrical sparse matrix solutions. According to the numerical tests on different cases, still water test, dam breaking, violent tank sloshing, solitary wave slamming, the GMRES method is more efficient than CGS and Bi-CGstab for ISPH method.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.235-250
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• 2004

The current study reports the results of an experimental program conducted on a structure fitted with a liquid damper (TLD) and subjected to harmonic excitation. Screens were placed inside the TLD to achieve the required inherent damping. In the first part of the study, reduced scale models of the building-TLD systems were tested under two levels of excitation. The efficiency of the damper was assessed by evaluating the effective damping provided to the structure and comparing it to the optimum effective damping value, provided by a linear tuned mass damper (TMD). An extensive parametric study was then conducted for one of the three models by varying both the excitation amplitude and the tuning ratio, defined as the ratio of the TLD sloshing frequency to the natural frequency of the structure. The effectiveness and robustness of a TLD with screens were assessed. Results indicate that the TLD can be tuned to achieve a robust performance and that its efficiency is not significantly affected by the level of excitation. Finally, the equivalent amplitude dependent TMD model, developed in the companion paper is validated using the system test results.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.215-234
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• 2004

The tuned liquid damper (TLD) is increasingly being used as an economical and effective vibration absorber. It consists of a water tank having the fundamental sloshing fluid frequency tuned to the natural frequency of the structure. In order to perform efficiently, the TLD must possess a certain amount of inherent damping. This can be achieved by placing screens inside the tank. The current study experimentally investigates the behaviour of a TLD equipped with damping screens. A series of shake table tests are conducted in order to assess the effect of the screens on the free surface motion, the base shear forces and the amount of energy dissipated. The variation of these parameters with the level of excitation is also studied. Finally, an amplitude dependent equivalent tuned mass damper (TMD), representing the TLD, is determined based on the experimental results. The dynamic characteristics of this equivalent TMD, in terms of mass, stiffness and damping parameters are determined by energy equivalence. The above parameters are expressed in terms of the base excitation amplitude. The parameters are compared to those obtained using linear small amplitude wave theory. The validity of this nonlinear model is examined in the companion paper.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.175-187
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• 2013

Moonpools are vertical wells in a floating body used onboard many types of vessels like Exploration and drilling vessels, Production barges, Cable-laying vessels, Rock dumping vessels, Research and offshore support vessels. Moonpool gives passage to underwater activities for different types of ships as per their mission requirements. It is observed that inside a moonpool considerable relative motions may occur, depending on shape, depth of the moonpool and on the frequency range of the waves to which the ship is exposed. The vessel responses are entirely different in zero and non-zero Froude number. Former situation is paid attention in this study as the mission requirement of the platform is to be in the particular location for long period of operation. It is well known that there are two modes of responses depending on the shape of the moonpool viz., piston mode for square shape and sloshing mode for rectangular shapes with different aspect ratios of opening like 1:1.5 and 1:2 ratios. Circular shaped moonpool is also tested for measuring the responses. The vessel moored using heavy lines are modelled and tested in the wave basin. The pretensions of the lines are varied by altering the touchdown points and the dynamic tensions on the lines are measured. The different modes of oscillations of water column are measured using wave gauge and the vessel response at a particular situation is determined. RAOs calculated for various situations provide better insight to the designer.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2013

Moonpools are vertical wells in a floating body used onboard many types of vessels like cable-laying vessels and offshore support vessels. Moonpool gives passage to underwater activities for different types of ships as per their mission requirements. It is observed that inside a moonpool considerable relative motions may occur, depending on shape, depth of the moonpool and on the frequency range of the waves to which the ship is exposed. The vessel responses are entirely different in zero and non-zero Froude number. Former situation is paid attention in this study as the mission requirement of the platform is to be in the particular location for long period of operation. It is well known that there are two modes of responses depending on the shape of the moonpool viz., piston mode for square shape and sloshing mode for rectangular shapes with different aspect ratios of opening like 1:1.5 and 1:2 ratios. Circular shaped moonpool is also tested for measuring the responses. The vessel moored using heavy lines are modeled and tested in the wave basin. The moored lines are provided with pre-tension and the dynamic tensions on the lines are measured. The different modes of oscillations of water column are measured using wave gauge and the vessel response at a particular situation is determined. RAOs determined for various situations provide better insight to the designer. The experiments done in the wave basin may also be compared with a software package meant for handling moored floating bodies.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 2019

Control of vibrations against extraordinary excitations such as wind and earthquake is very important to the protection of life and financial concerns. One of the methods of structural control is to use Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD), however due to the nature of TLD only one sloshing frequency can be created when the water is sloshing. Among various ideas proposed to compensate this problem, by changing the angle of some rotatable baffles embedded inside a TLD, a frequency range is created such that these baffles are tuned manually at different frequencies. In this study, the effect of cross sectional shape of container with rotating baffles on seismic behavior of TLD is experimentally studied. For this purpose, rectangular and cylindrical containers are designed and used to suppress the vibrations of a Single Degree-Of-Freedom (SDOF) structure under harmonic and earthquake excitations considering three baffle angles. The results show that the rectangular-shaped damper reduces the structural response in all load cases more than the damper with a cylindrical shape, such that maximum differences of two dampers to reduce the structural displacement and structural acceleration are 5.5% and 3% respectively, when compared to the cases where no baffles are employed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2001

In this study, a numerical model describing the shallow-water equations is newly developed by using a TVD scheme. The model has a second-order accuracy in time and space and is free from nonphysical oscillations, even in the vicinity of large gradients. Because a upwind based TVD scheme requires a Riemann solver, the HLLC scheme is employed in this model. To calibrate the applicability and accuracy, the developed model is used to simulate dam-break waves in an ideal channel and a sloshing flow n a paraboloidal basin. Agreements between numerical predictions and analytical solutions are very resonable.