• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 1997

The inhibitory effects of cereal extracts and concentrates from barley, waxy rice flours and malt on enzymatic browning were measured using apple polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Malt concentrate showed the largest inhibitory effect on PPO among all. The relationship between the properties of malt concentrate such as browning intensity and reducing power and their inhibitory effect on PPO was also studied. As the heating time increased, the browning intensity and the reducing power of malt concentrates were increased, while PPO activities were decreased. Inhibitory effect of malt concentrates on PPO increased with heating time and their concentration. L-value and compression force of the apple slices dipped in malt concentrate decreased by 6.9% and 14.3%, respectively, showing the smallest changes compared with raw and water-dipped apple slices during cold storage for 9 days. These results suggest that malt concentrate can be a potential source for the control of enzymatic browning.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.433-437
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• 2016

Consumption of high doses of ethanol can lead to amnesia, which often manifests as a blackout. These blackouts experienced by ethanol consumers may be a major cause of the social problems associated with excess ethanol consumption. However, there is currently no established treatment for preventing these ethanol-induced blackouts. In this study, we tested the ethanol extract of the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) for its ability to mitigate ethanol-induced behavioral and synaptic deficits. To test behavioral deficits, an object recognition test was conducted in mouse. In this test, ethanol (1 g/kg, i.p.) impaired object recognition memory, but SM (200 mg/kg) prevented this impairment. To evaluate synaptic deficits, NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mouse hippocampal slices were tested, as they are known to be vulnerable to ethanol and are associated with ethanol-induced amnesia. SM (10 and $100{\mu}g/ml$) significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced long-term potentiation and NMDA receptor-mediated EPSP deficits in the hippocampal slices. Therefore, these results suggest that SM prevents ethanol-induced amnesia by protecting the hippocampus from NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity deficits induced by ethanol.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.507-512
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• 2010

The effects of pretreatment by freezing on juice expression and drying characteristics of Prunus mume fruit were investigated. Fresh fruit slices were frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$, thawed, and then either pressed (to yield juice) or dried. Fresh fruit slices were used as controls. Both juice yield and drying rate were higher when pre-frozen fruit was tested, compared to fresh fruit. The L and b color values were lower in the juice and dried powder of pre-frozen compared to fresh fruit. The a color value was higher in juice and powder prepared from pre-frozen fruit compared to fresh fruit. There was no significant difference in free sugar or organic acid content between juices and powders from pre-frozen and fresh fruit. None of soluble solid content, titratable acidity, or juice pH was affected by freezing pretreatment. The results suggest that such pretreatment may be useful to increase juice yield and drying rate. However, browning of juice and powder may be elevated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.305-305
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• 1994

It has been shown that there are several subtypes of $\kappa$ opioid receptor, We have evaluated the properties of non-${\mu}$, non-$\delta$ binding of 〔$^3$H〕DIP, a nonselective opioid antagonist, in rat cortex membranes. Binding to ${\mu}$ and $\delta$ sites was inhibited by the use of an excess of competing selective agonists (DAMGO, DPDPE) for these sites. (-)Ethylketocyclazocine(EKC) inhibited 〔$^3$H〕DIP binding with Ki. of 70 nM. However, arylacetamides (U69593 and U50488H) gave little inhibition. Also, we have examined the opioid modulation of K$\^$+/(30 mM)-induced histamine release in rat frontal cortex slices labeled with 1-〔$^3$H〕histidine. The 〔$^3$H〕histamine release from cortex slices was inhibited by EKC, a $\kappa$$_1$-and $\kappa$$_2$-agonist, in a concentration-dependent manner(10 to 10,000 nM). The IC$\sub$50/ of EKC was 107 ${\pm}$ 6 nM. However, the $\delta$ receptor selective agonists, DPDPE and deltorphine II, ${\mu}$ receptor agonists, DAMGO and TAPS, $\kappa$$_1$-agonists, U69593 and U50488H, and $\varepsilon$-agonist, ${\beta}$-endorphin, did not inhibit histamine release even in micromoiar dose, indicating that ${\mu}$, $\delta$ or $\kappa$$_1$ receptors are not involved. The concentration-response curve of EKC was shifted to right in the presence of naloxone (300 nM), a ${\mu}$ preferential antagonist, norbinaltorphimine(300 nM), a $\kappa$$_1$ preferential antagonist and bremazocine(1 nM), a $\kappa$$_1$-agonist and $\kappa$$_2$-antagonist. These results suggest that $\kappa$$_2$ opioid receptor regulates histamine release in the frontal cortex of the rat.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.1485-1495
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• 2004

We propose the representation of a improved dynamic object-oriented program dependence graph so as to process the slicing of object-oriented programs that is composed of related programs in order to process certain jobs. We also propose an efficient slicing algorithm using the relations of relative tables in order to compute dynamic slices of object-oriented programs. We programmed the algorithm by using fortran and Visual C++. The procedure that computes the dynamic object-oriented program slices using the improved dynamic object-oriented program dependence graph(IDOPDC) is divided into four steps. Consequently, the efficiency of the proposed improved dynamic object-oriented program dependence graph(IDOPDG) technique is also compared with the dependence graph techniques discussed previously. As a result, this certifies that an improved dynamic object-oriented program dependence graph is more efficient in comparison with the traditional dynamic object-oriented program dependence graph(DOPDG).

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2000

Place/Transition(P/T) nets has been used in protocol verification and concurrent system verification since it is suitable for describing concurrency and provides several well-established verification techniques. And it has been used as a base formalism for such high-level Petri nets as colored Petri nets, object-oriented Petri nets and etc. However, when analyzing complex models using P/T nets and P/T nets-based high-level Petri nets, there may be state explosion in reachability analysis due to improper handling of concurrency. In this paper, we define a structural concurrency in P/T nets, propose a partitioning algorithm based on the detected structural concurrency, and provide analysis techniques for such properties as boundedness of places and liveness of transitions, which are performed on compositional reachability graphs. The analysis techniques based on Petri net slices can be used in efficiently analyzing P/T nets-based high-level Petri net models as well as P/T net models.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 1992

This study was conducted to evaluate physical property change of asphalt cement chromatograms (by HP-GPC) were experimentally obtained from 3 types of AC-20 virgin ACs, 5 and 24-hour artificially aged ACs, and naturally aged 4 ACs that were recovered from 4 different roads. Absolute viscosity, kinematic visoosity and penetration were the physical properties tested. THF was used for mobil phase and RI detector was used as a detector for Hp-GPC testing. Correlation between each physical property change and the chromatogram variation was evaluated. Each chromatogram was divided into ten-equal-time slices. The percentage areas of 10 slices and each physical property were used for statistical correlation evaluation. Statistical analysis results showed that eaoh physical property had a strong correlation with the chromatogram characteristics. Aging was identified as a mechanism of change of molecular size distribution - increasing large size molecules and reducing coresponding samll size molecules.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2012

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is physiologically important response for preventing mismatching between ventilation and perfusion in lungs. The HPV of isolated pulmonary arteries (HPV-PA) usually require a partial pretone by thromboxane agonist (U46619). Because the HPV of ventilated/perfused lungs (HPV-lung) can be triggered without pretone conditioning, we suspected that a putative tissue factor might be responsible for the pretone of HPV. Here we investigated whether HPV can be also observed in precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from rats. The HPV in PCLS also required partial contraction by U46619. In addition, $K^+$ channel blockers (4AP and TEA) required U46619-pretone to induce significant contraction of PA in PCLS. In contrast, the airways in PCLS showed reversible contraction in response to the $K^+$ channel blockers without pretone conditioning. Also, the airways showed no hypoxic constriction but a relaxation under the partial pretone by U46619. The airways in PCLS showed reliable, concentration-dependent contraction by metacholine ($EC_{50}$, ~210 nM). In summary, the HPV in PCLS is more similar to isolated PA than V/P lungs. The metacholineinduced constriction of bronchioles suggested that the PLCS might be also useful for studying airway physiology in situ.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.453-461
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• 2016

Recently, with the growth of various sensor applications, the need of wireless communication systems which can support variable data rate is increasing. Therefore, advanced ZigBee (AZB) systems that support the various data rate under 250 kbps are proposed. However, the preamble structure for AZB systems causes the complexity increase of time synchronization circuits. In this paper, we propose preamble structure and time synchronization algorithm which can solve the problem of the complexity increase of time synchronization circuits. Implementation results show that the proposed time synchronizer for AZB systems include the logic slices of 6.92 k and, which are reduced at the rate of 62.3% compared with existing architecture.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2000

To learn the developmental changes in intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the second order taste neurons, whole cell recordings from the developing nucleus of the solitary tract neurons were done in brainstem slices of postnatal rats. Rats aged from postnatal 0 to 21 days (P0-P21) were used, being divided into 3 age groups: postnatal first week (P0-P7 days), second week (P8-P14 days), and third week (P15-P21 days). Slices containing gustatory NTS were cut horizontally in the thickness of $300\;{\mu}m.$ Whole cell recordings were obtained from neurons in response to a series of hyperpolarizing and depolarizing current pulses. The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the rostral NTS (rNTS) neurons were compared among the age groups. Depolarizing current pulses evoked a train of action potentials in all neurons of all age groups. The resting membrane potential and input resistance of the neurons did not show any significant differences during the postnatal 3 weeks. The time constant, however, decreased during the development. Duration of action potential measured at half maximum amplitude was longer in younger age groups. Both the maximum rate of rise and the maximum rate of fall in the action potential increased during the first 3 weeks postnatal. Electrophysiologically more than half neurons were type III. In summary, it is suggested that developmental changes in electrophysiological properties in rNTS occur during the first three weeks in rats.