• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.558-564
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• 2006

Purpose : Transcranial electromagnetic stimulation(TMS) is a noninvasive method which stimulates the central nervous system through pulsed magnetic fields without direct effect on the neurons. Although the neurobiologic mechanisms of magnetic stimulation are unknown, the effects on the brain are variable according to the diverse stimulation protocols. This study aims to observe the effect of the magnetic stimulation with two different stimulation methods on the cultured hippocampal slices. Methods : We obtained brains from 8-days-old Spague-Dawley rats and dissected the hippocampal tissue under the microscope. Then we chopped the tissue into 450 µm thickness slices and cultured the hippocampal tissue by Stoppini's method. We divided the inserts, which contained five healthy cultured hippocampal slices respectively, into magnetic stimulation groups and a control group. To compare the different effects according to the frequency of magnetic stimulation, stimulation was done every three days from five days in vitro at 0.67 Hz in the low stimulation group and at 50 Hz in the high stimulation group. After N-methyl-D-aspartate exposure to the hippocampal slices at 14 days in vitro, magnetic stimulation was done every three days in one and was not done in another group. To evaluate the neuronal activity after magnetic stimulation, the $NeuN/{\beta}$-actin ratio was calculated after western blotting in each group. Results : The expression of NeuN in the magnetic stimulation group was stronger than that of the control group, especially in the high frequency stimulation group. After N-methyl-D-aspartate exposure to hippocampal slices, the expression of NeuN in the magnetic stimulation group was similar to that of the control group, whereas the expression in the magnetic non-stimulation group was lower than that of the control group. Conclusion : We suggest that magnetic stimulation increases the neuronal activity in cultured hippocamal slices, in proportion to the stimulating frequency, and has a neuroprotective effect on neuronal damage.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of domestic and imported slices of skates Raja kenojei. Four types of slices of skates Raja kenojei were analyzed for proximate composition, extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, and fatty acids. A large amount of TMAO was detected in the domestic slices of skate. Both the domestic and imported skate contained aerobic bacteria, with approximate levels of 6.6 log CFU/g and 5.1${\sim}$6.5 log CFU/g, respectively. The total free amino acids contents of the domestic and imported skates were 579.7 mg and 387.6${\sim}$496.3 mg, respectively; all samples had high levels of taurine, anserine, lysine, alanine, glycine, proline, ${\beta}$-alanine, and histidine. Eleven different saturated fatty acids were found in the domestic skates whereas the impored skate had 7${\beta}$10 different types of saturated fatty acid. In addition, 16 kinds of domestic skate, and 10${\beta}$15 kinds of imported skate were analyzed for unsaturated fatty acid content. From the overall results, the domestic skate proved to be a better source of amino acid, and had higher levels of aerobic bacteria and fatty acids than the imported skate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.744-750
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• 2017

Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen and can be formed during frying of starchy foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of acrylamide reduction in storage potato chips by fermentation of Bacillus subtilis and compare its usefulness with four different cultivars of storage potatoes (Goeun, Atlantic, Saebong, and Jinsun). Potato slices were fermented by B. subtilis at $37^{\circ}C$ for 0, 2, and 4 h and fried at $180^{\circ}C$ for 115 s. The total sugar contents of the fermented potato slices did not change compared to the control. However, reducing sugar contents increased in the fermentation solution containing potato slices. Asparagine contents of Saebong and Jinsun potato slices decreased with fermentation time. Color values of the fermented potato chips were improved compared to those of non-fermented potato chips. The highest $L^*$ value was found in Saebong (57.4), followed by Goeun (56.7), Jinsun (52.5), and Atlantic (48.8) after 4 h of fermentation. Potatoes stored for 240 days generated considerable amounts of acrylamide, ranging from 4.99 to 10.38 ppm, after frying. Four hours of fermentation reduced acrylamide formation in all potato chips. The lowest acrylamide content was found in Saebong (0.77 ppm), followed by Jinsun (1.21 ppm), Goeun (1.76 ppm), and Atlantic (4.09 ppm). In conclusion, fermentation of storage potatoes by B. subtilis can effectively lower acrylamide formation during frying of potato chips.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.406-413
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate antioxidative properties of various extracts and antibrowning effects of extracts in apple slices were investigated by ${\Delta}E$ value and PPO relative activity. Apples were cut into 1.5 cm thickness and they were dipped in 1% extract solutions(OW: water extracts of onion, OE: 80% EtOH extracts of onion, AW: water extracts of apple, AE: 80% EtOH extracts of apple, MW: water extracts of mandarin orange peel, ME: 80% EtOH extracts of mandarin orange peel) for 1 min. OW showed higher than the other treatments for total phenolic contents(94.35 mg/g), PPO inhibition(74.00%). And the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity(40.27%) measured in ME. ${\Delta}E$ value of apple slices dipped in MW was 2.37 whereas ${\Delta}E$ value of apple slices dipped in AW was 12.12. These results suggest that onion and mandarin orange peel extracts should be a potential source for controlling browning during storage of apple slices.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 1993

To evaluate the protective effects of calcium antagonists, oxygen radical scavengers and excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonist on the ischemic brain damage, we induced in vitro ischemic condition (namely, lack of oxygen and glucose) to rat hippocampal slices. And the degree of ischemic damage was determined by assaying changes in biochemical parameters such as ATP content and lactate ralease, MDA production in the presence or absence of the various drugs. During experimental ischemia for up to 60 min, ATP content was decreased and the amount of lactate release was markedly increased time-dependently. By changing the reaction medium which contained oxygen and glucose those biochemical parameters were recovered. But the recovery was not complete in this experimental condition. In the same ischemic conditions verapamil and vitamine E prevented the decrease of ATP content and the increase of lactate release from the slices. And verapamil and diltiazem decreased MDA release to the reaction medium. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and MK-801 (as EAA receptor antagonist) protected the decrease of ATP content and reduced MDA release in 20 min ischemic condition, but glutathione affected ATP content and lactate release at the same condition. When oxygen and glucose were resupplied for 20 min after ischemic condition, verapamil showed the protective effect on the changes of ATP content and lactate release, and vitamine E decreased lactate release (at 20 min ischemia) and MDA release (at 60 min ischemia). These results showed that calcium antagonist and vitamine E protect the ischemic biochemical changes from rat hippocampal slices and calcium antagonist is more potent than vitamine E to protect the ischemical brain damege.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.584-589
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Taraxacum platycarpum and Chrysanthemum indicum extracts on the browning of apple slices. The inhibition of the PPO activities, total phenolic contents, and DPPH free-radical-scavenging activities was measured from water and from the 80% EtOH extracts of Taraxacum platycarpum and Chrysanthemum indicum as natural antibrowning agents. Apples were cut into 15-mm-thick slices, and each slice was dipped for 1 min in different treatment solutions (1% Taraxacum platycarpum and Chrysanthemum indicum extracts, 1% citric acid) and was stored at room temperature. The inhibition of the PPO activity in the Chrysanthemumin indicum extract was better than that in the Taraxacum platycarpum extract. The highest DPPH free-radical-scavenging activity (76.10%) was found in the 80% EtOH extract of Chrysanthemum indicum. After 24 h, the ${\Delta}E$ value of the apple slices that were treated in the 80% EtOH extract of Chrysanthemum indicum was at the lowest level (2.22). The total phenolic content was 94.07 mg/g, and the total flavonoid content was 102.60 mg/g, in the 80% EtOH extract of Chrysanthemum indicum. The antibrowning effect of Chrysanthemum indicum was higher than that of Taraxacum platycarpum in the apple slices.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 1984

The exocrine pancreatic secretion is controlled mainly by gastrointestinal hormones as well as cholinergic nerves. The adrenergic influence on exocrine pancreas is thought not to he important and the evidences supporting this contention are still contradictory. In an effort to elucidate the adrenergic influence on the exocrine pancreas, we have determined the amylase release from pancreatic slices of rats treated with adrenergic drugs. The albino rats of either sex, weighing $60{\sim}80\;g$, were decapitated and the uncinate pancreata were isolated and incubated in screw top vials containing 2 ml krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution gassed with 95% $O_2$ and 5% $CO_2$. These vials were shaken continuously in a waterbath maintained at $37^{circ}C$, and enzyme release was stimulated with acetylcholine$(10^{-5}M)$. For chronic treatment methoxamine$(an\;{\alpha}-adrenergic\;agonist,\;5\;mg/kg)$, isoproterenol (a\;{\beta}-adrenergic\;agonist,\;10\;mg/kg) and reserpine (0.5 mg/kg) along with cholecystokinin octapeptide$(CCK-op,\;2{\mu}g/kg)$ were given i.p. in rats daily for 3, 5, 7, 9 or 12 days. For acute experiment these drugs were added directly to the incubation medium in a concentration of $10^{-5}M$ except CCK-OP $(10^{-9}M)$. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The addition of methoxamine, isoproterenol or reserpine to the incubation medium containing pancreatic slices augmented the release of amylase induced by acetylcholine and among them the effect of isoproterenol was most prominent. 2) Chronic treatment of methoxamine or reserpine caused enhancement of acetylcholine response in amylase release from pancreatic slice throughout the experimental period, but the amylase release was less than that of control by 12 days isoproterenol treatment. 3) In the pancreatic slices obtained from 12 days treatment of CCK-OP, the amylae release responding to acetylcholine was enhanced. By these finding it is suggested that methoxamine, isoproterenol and reserpine had marked influence on the exocrine pancreatic functions in rats and that these effects are due to their inherent actions rather than sympathetic nerve or adrenergic receptor function.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.371-374
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• 2007

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.342-343
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.164.2-164
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text