• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine aromatherapy interventions for prenatal and postnatal women, and to determine the effectiveness of these interventions on fatigue. Methods: Six national and international databases were reviewed to retrieve and collect studies published up to September 7, 2021, describing randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials of aromatherapy interventions for prenatal and postnatal women's fatigue. Of the 323 articles initially identified, 64 duplicates were excluded and 259 were screened. After further excluding 216 articles not related to PICO framework, 10 were selected for review. Two reviewers independently selected studies and conducted data extraction and quality appraisal using Cochran's Risk of Bias and Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies. Results: The quality of the 10 selected studies was overall satisfactory. A meta-analysis of three studies showed that aromatherapy with lavender oil produced a 0.75-point reduction in postnatal mothers' fatigue when compared to control groups. Sleep quality was also analyzed as a secondary outcome of fatigue. A meta-analysis of four studies using lavender and/or orange peel oil found that aromatherapy produced a 0.98-point improvement in postnatal mothers' quality of sleep. Although a meta-analysis could not be conducted to synthesize the findings for fatigue in pregnant women, inhalation and massage therapy using lavender oil showed positive effects on prenatal fatigue and sleep quality. Conclusion: Aromatherapy using lavender oil and orange peel oil is effective in improving prenatal and postnatal fatigue and sleep quality.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1122-1133
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ongyeong-tang (OGT) in the treatment of insomnia in patients afflicted with neurological diseases, according to the medical records of one medical institution. OGT is a herbal prescription that originates from the "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber" and has been used for menopausal symptoms, uterine diseases, skin diseases, insomnia, and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. Methods: Medical records of patients who visited Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, received outpatient or inpatient treatment, and met the inclusion criteria were used in this study. Results: Twenty-four patients satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Korean version (PSQI-K) score was used to evaluate the outcomes before and after treatment. After an average of 14.42±9.2 days of OGT extract intake, 20 patients (83.3%) experienced improvement. The remaining four (16.7%) had no change in their symptoms, but none demonstrated worsening of symptoms. The total PSQI-K score showed a statistically significant decrease from 13.08±4.54 to 10.42±4.58 (p<0.001). Sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping medications, and daytime dysfunction also showed statistically significant improvements. Conclusions: Administration of OGT extract may be a relatively safe and effective therapeutic option for insomnia in patients with neurological diseases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

Objectives : To prove the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment targeting the insomnia-complaining patients from the group of hospital inpatients. Methods : Among Wonkwang University Iksan Oriental Medical Hospital impatients, needling Sinmaek($BL_{62}$) and Johae($KI_6$) and Venesection on Eunbaek(SP1) on the 15 insomnia-complaining patients. Then, confirmed the degree of insomnia symptom improvements through Saint's Mary Hospital(SMH) questionnaire, insomnia severity index(ISI), and Korean sleep scale(KSS). Results : 1. Result indicated after the acupuncture treatment, the total hours of sleeping increased in average per hour. 2. When evaluating the degree of improvement using Insomnia Severity Index(ISI) after the treatment, average score was lowered and the statistical data showed the result was significant. 3. When evaluating the degree of improvement using Korean Sleep Scale(KSS), the average score was increased and the statistical data showed the result was significant. Conclusions : Among the insomnia patients from the group of Oriental Medical Hospital inpatients, the total hours of sleeping increased, showed the score improvement by using the tool for evaluating sleeping, and indicated statistically significant treatment effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.275-285
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• 2011

Purpose: Head-up position during sleep is one of the non-pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension. Because the head-up position causes discomfort in many patients, this approach may not be acceptable to all patients. We compared the systolic blood pressure in erect position, orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic disability score, and the improvement rates of orthostatic hypotension between the 20 cm head-up group and the 10 cm head-up group. Methods: A control pre/post-test design was used. Between August 1, 2009 and November 15, 2010, we consecutively enrolled patients who showed orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinsonian disorders. Sixty-seven patients were prospectively enrolled and forty-four patients were completed the study. Results: There were no statistically significant differences found in the systolic blood pressure in erect position, orthostatic hypotension, and orthostatic disability scores between the two groups. However, five patients showed improvement in 20 cm head-up group and one patient was showed improvement in 10 cm head-up Group. Conclusion: Orthostatic hypotension is decreased with 20 cm head-up position in some patients with Parkinsonian disorders (p=.034). Further research investigating the relationships between orthostatic hypotension and head-up position are warranted.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.419-432
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• 1998

The purpose of this Study was to examine the efficacy and compliance of a mandibular advancement device(MAD) according to the severity of sleep apnea in the snorers and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Fifty-four patients (45 males, 9 females, aged 20 - 68years ) who visited Seoul National Uiversity Dental Hospital(SNUDH) to seek for the treatment of snoring and sleep apnea were classified into four groups according to the results of the nocturnal polysomnography and they were instructed to wear MAD regularly which was designed to increase the size of the upper airway by advancing the mandible. The evaluation of the efficacy and compliance of the MAD according to the severity of apnea and the duration after the usage of MAD ( 1week, 1month, 3months, 6months, 12months) was made by using quesionnaires mad in Department of Oral Medicine and Oral diagnosis, SNUDH. The obtained results were as follows : 1. All subjects results were habitual snoreres and 43 patients(79.6%) complained the loudness of snoring that can be heard out of the room. 2. Apnea index(AI) of the total subjects was mean 29.4$\pm$26.9 and respiratory disturbance index(RDI)was mean 37.6$\pm$28.0. And there was nodifference in the efficacy and the compliances of MAD according to the severity of apnea. 3. The severityi of apnea by the questionnaires significantly corresponded with the results of nocturnal polysomnography, and this fact potentiated the diagnostic value of the questionnaire. 4. after the usage of MAD, there was significant improvement in the frequency of snoring, the loudness of snoring, frequency of apnea, daytime sleepiness nad the refreshment after sleep(p<0.001) regardless of the apnea index(AI) and respiratory distrubance index(RDI). 5. The degree of the satisfaction with MAD was mean 74.4$\pm$18.4% and that of the discomfort with the MAD was 31.4$\pm$19.6%. But there was no serious complication in occlusion and temporomandibular joint with the usage of MAD and the duration of the discomfort was mean 3.3$\pm$2.2 weeks. 6. Forty-one patients(75.9%) continued the usage of MAD but thirteen patients(24.1%) stopped the use of MAD because of the discomforts and insufficient results with it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

PURPOSE: In this study, we tried to find out what kind of exercise was more effective in sleep disorder by comparing melatonin in blood after applying low intensity with high intensity exercise to sleep disordered rats induced by experiment. METHODS: We used male Sprague-Dawley rats which were 8weeks old and weighted 300g. They were supplied with water and food without any restriction. We kept the room temperature at $25^{\circ}C$ and controld the length of day and night in 12 hours blocks, respectively. We divided the rats 60 into 2 groups. To one group we applied low intensity exercise, and to the other we applied high intensity exercise for 15minutes per day over a period of 4 weeks. We extracted the blood from abdominal aorta before, after exercise, moved into EDTA tube, performed centrifugation. We decanted the serum $200{\mu}l$ from the blood into microcentrifuge tube by samples and moved into polypropylene culture tubes with micro pipette. We split enzyme solution $50{\mu}l$ into the tubes with melatonin direct kits and make them react at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. We split assay buffer $50{\mu}l$ into each tube and mixed melatonin tracer $50{\mu}l$ and melatonin antiserum $50{\mu}l$, respectively. After we made them react in room temperature, we decanted the superficial layer with a centrifuge and measured the activity for 1 minute by competitive method with ${\gamma}$-counter equipment. We draw a standard curve through logit-log graph with CPM(counts per minute) and counted the melatonin by B/B0. We conducted independent t-test to examine the homogeneous of melatonin value of before low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. We performed paired t-test to compare before and after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise, respectively. We carried out independent t-test to compare melatonin value after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. Significance level was .05. RESULTS: The results were as follows; firstly melatonin was more increased in the group who was exposed to high intensity exercise when we compared before to after high and low intensity exercise, respectively. Secondly, high intensity exercise was more effective than low intensity exercise when we compared the two. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, secretion of melatonin which is the material of sleep improvement could be promoted by high intensity exercise. Low intensity exercise acted as a stress rather than improving sleep and had a negative effect on the secretion of melatonin because the melatonin was affected by stress.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 2013

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is one possibility for the treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was study the analysis of polysomnography of pre-UPPP and post-UPPP. All patients were evaluated by means of a physical examination, the epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), the beck depression inventory (BDI) and the nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) before surgery, and 6~12 months after surgery. A total of 15 patients were investigated. All underwent UPPP. The patients were between 26 and 62 years old ($mean{\pm}SD$; $39.7{\pm}10.9$) with a lean body mass index (BMI) of $mean{\pm}SD$; $26.2{\pm}3.0kg/m^2$. The comparison of sleep questionnaires showed that after UPPP, the patients had a significantly lower BMI ($26.2{\pm}3.0kg/m^2$ vs $26.0{\pm}3.4kg/m^2$, p=0.241), ESS ($10.0{\pm}5.4$ vs $6.9{\pm}3.2$, p=0.022), BDI ($9.2{\pm}8.2$ vs $4.2{\pm}4.3$, p=0.343) and higher blood pressure ($127.5{\pm}12.1$ vs $123.7{\pm}12.0$, p=0.272) compared to before UPPP. The comparison of sleep parameters showed that after UPPP, patients had a significantly lower stage N1 ($108.8{\pm}53.1$ vs $82.2{\pm}48.9$, p=0.016), lower sleep latency ($4.9{\pm}4.4$ vs $2.0{\pm}1.7$, p=0.083), a lower total arousal number ($210.6{\pm}90.3$ vs $147.1{\pm}87.3$, p=0.019), lower oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ($30.2{\pm}20.9$ vs $10.2{\pm}15.1$, p=0.006), lower apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ($31.6{\pm}22.4$ vs $10.9{\pm}15.4$, p=0.005), and a lower respiratory disturbance index (RDI) ($37.4{\pm}21.3$ vs $18.5{\pm}16.5$, p=0.008) compared to after UPPP. The comparison of sleep parameters showed that after UPPP, patients had a significantly higher stage N2 ($154.0{\pm}39.9$ vs $180.5{\pm}49.5$, p=0.017), higher REM ($58.5{\pm}29.7$ vs $72.6{\pm}34.0$, p=0.249), higher $meanSaO_2$ ($94.3{\pm}2.0$ vs $95.9{\pm}0.9$, p=0.043), and higher $meanSaO_2$ ($79.3{\pm}8.5$ vs $83.1{\pm}7.9$, p=0.116) than before UPPP. After UPPP, 6 patients were cured, 2 showed marked improvement, and 7 did not improve. After surgery, the success of the treatment was at 53%. The subjective patient satisfaction was higher than before the surgery.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5096-5110
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of brain wave change through therapeutic recreation programs on depression, sleep disturbance and quality of life among elderly with dementia. The subjects of this quasi-experimental study consisted of two groups, one experimental group (N=14) and one control group (N=18), after excluding 8 participants from a total of 40 participants. The subjects of experimental group were randomly selected from the elderly (order than 65 years old) of senior care center in Daejoen and participated in 3-month therapeutic recreation program. On the other hand, the subjects of control group did not participated in any therapeutic recreation program. Each group's pre-post brain wave change, depression, sleep disturbance and quality of life were estimated. Through ANCOVA and Analysis of Structural Equation Modeling with SPSS window 17.0 and AMOS 7.0, this study found followings. Frist, the therapeutic recreation program group indicated significant improvement of brain waves, sleep disturbance and quality of Life. In addition, depression was significantly reduced in the therapeutic recreation program group. Second, significant causal relationships was found among brain waves, depression, sleep disturbance, and Quality of Life.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.287-296
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• 2000

It is well known that oral appliance could improve respiratory difficulty in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To evaluate the effect of oral appliance, polysomnography and cephalometry were performed in OSA patients before and after oral appliance was used. Twenty four OSA patients were included in this study. Respiratory difficulty index (RDI) was obtained from polysomnography and the movement of soft palate, tongue, posterior pharygeal wall, hyoid bone, and mandible and the variables of the facial pattern were measured on the cephalogram. The changes of cephalometric parameters were compared to the RDI changes and the correlation was tested. After oral appliance was used, RDI decreased from 46.8 to 13.3. There was significant relationship between RDI improvement and the anterior movement of the mandible and superior movement of the hyoid bone. In 8 patients whose RDI was most improved, RDI improvement rate was correlated with the anterior movement of the tongue and anterior-posterior (AP) diameter of the airway at the levels between the lower portion of the soft palate and epiglottis. These results could conclude that anterior movement of the tongue and superior movement of the hyoid bone would be favorable cephalometric parameters for the improvement of OSA.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.56-66
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• 2020

Objectives: In this study, the clinical characteristics of OSA patients and the quality of life before and after CPAP use were compared to determine the degree of improvement in quality of life according to CPAP use. Methods: Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Modified Mallampatti Score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were compared between men and women through medical records. To understand the degree of improvement in quality of life resulting from use of CPAP, a personal telephone call was made to compare the VAS scores for quality of life before and after CPAP use. Results: In height (HT) (Z = -4.525, p < 0.001), weight (BW) (Z = -2.844, p < 0.05), sleep quality (PSQI) (Z = -2.671, p < 0.05), and arousal index (AI) (Z = -2.105, p < 0.05), there was a difference between men and women (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the remaining variables. Cross-analysis (Chi-square test) confirmed a difference between severity and sex of OSA. It has been found that there is no statistically significant order in size according to level-specific severity of OSA for PreCPAP QOL, PostCPAP QOL, CPAPUse Months, and CPAP4Hr/d (%) (p > 0.05). The difference between AHI before and after CPAP was 36.48 ± 21.54 (t = 11.609, p < 0.001) and the difference between QOL before and after CPAP was -25.43 ± 22.06 (t = -7.901, p < 0.001), both of which were significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among OSA patients, there were differences in height (HT), weight (BW), sleep quality (PSQI), arousal index (AI), and severity of OSA between men and women, but the quality of life before and after CPAP was different. However, there was no difference between men and women in quality of life before and after CPAP. In addition, quality of life in OSA patients improved after using CPAP.