• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.236-239
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• 2002

Sunscreens have been advocated as an important means of preventing skin cancer. UV-induced immunosuppression is important for skin cancer development, yet the effectiveness of sunscreens in protecting the human immune system from UV radiation is unclear. The only currently accepted method of sunscreen rating is the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) based on prevention of erythema. We developed an in vivo non-invasive method for evaluating protection of the human immune system from UV radiation based on recall contact sensitivity to nickel, a common allergen. Using this system we showed that broad-spectrum sunscreens provide greater protection to the immune system than sunscreens which protect from UVB only. UVA was found to be immunosuppressive. We developed this technique to enable the study of solar simulated UV radiation dose responses and determined Immune Protection Factors (IPFs) for six commercially available sunscreens based on limits of protection from the dose response data. We found that the IPF did not correlate with the SPF and that protection from erythema therefore cannot be used to predict protection of the immune system. However, IPF was significantly correlated to the UVA protective capability of the sunscreens, indicating that sunscreen protection from UVA is important for prevention of immunosuppression. We recommend that sunscreens should be rated against their immune protective capability to provide a better indication of their ability to protect against skin cancer.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.215-216
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• 2003

SPEX SkinSkan is a newly developed spectrofluorometer that can calculate transmission of UVA on the surface of human skin as a non-invasive method. We have investigated UVA protection factors of Japanese over-the-counter sunscreens using SPEX SkinSkan. This non-invasive method is useful to know UVA protection of sunscreens in vivo.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2016

Background: Outdoor workers are at risk of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, and may have difficulty using sun protection. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of sun protection behaviors in a sample of outdoor construction workers, and to assess which factors predict better sun protection practices. Methods: Participants were recruited via construction unions. Workers answered a questionnaire on demographics, skin cancer risk, sun protection behaviors, and job. Sun protection behavior scores (from questions on sunscreen use, sleeved shirt, hat, shade seeking, sunglasses) were calculated by converting Likert-scale answers to scores from 0 to 4, and taking the mean (separately for work and leisure). Determinants of sun protection behavior scores were examined for work and leisure using generalized linear models. Results: Seventy-seven workers had complete questionnaire data (participation 98%). Sun protection behaviors used most often were hats (79% often/always) and sleeved shirts (82% often/always); least prevalent were shade-seeking (8% often/always) and sunscreen (29% often/always). For both work and leisure scores, the strongest predictor was skin type, with fairer-skinned individuals having higher sun protection behavior scores. Workers had higher scores at work than on weekends. Workplaces that required hats and sleeved shirts for safety purposes had higher protection behavior scores. Conclusion: This high-participation rate cohort helps characterize sun protection behaviors among outdoor workers. Workers practiced better sun protection at work than on weekends, suggesting that workplace policies supportive of sun protection could be useful for skin cancer prevention in the construction industry.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2023

자외선 차단제는 자외선을 차단 및 산란시켜 자외선으로부터 보호하는 제품으로 이제 화장품을 넘어서 생활필수품으로 자리 잡고 있다. 자외선 차단제 바르기는 일반적이면서도 손쉬운 자외선에 의한 피부 손상 예방법이다. 이러한 중요성에 따라 자외선 차단제 평가시험은 1978 년 Fod and Drug Administration (FDA)에서 규정을 마련한 이후, 현재는 International Organization For Standardization (ISO)에서 표준화된 방법까지 발전되었다. 더불어 물이나 땀 등 신체활동에 의한 자외선 차단제 손실을 평가하기 위해 국내 식약처와 ISO에서 내수성 자외선 차단지수 평가시험을 제정하고 있다. 그러나 지금까지의 내수성 자외선 차단지수 평가시험은 주로 일반 물을 사용한 시험 방법에 국한되어 있으며, 해변에서의 레저, 스포츠 및 여가활동에 의한 해수의 영향을 고려한 시험 방법은 아직 정립되지 않았다. 본 연구는 기존의 내수성 자외선 차단지수 평가시험 방법 가이드라인을 기반으로 일반 물, 인공 해수(소금물) 및 자연 해수(바닷물)에서의 내수성 자외선 차단지수를 비교하여 해양 레저, 스포츠 및 여가활동 등과 같은 실제 상황에서의 자외선 차단지수를 평가할 수 있는 방법에 대하여 조사하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 일반 물과 인공 해수 및 자연 해수에서의 내수성 자외선 차단지수 평가시험의 차이를 비교하여 자연 해수를 이용한 내수성 자외선 차단지수 평가시험 방법을 제시할 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2015

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seed is widely used as a traditional medicine in countries of Asia. Among many functions of the lotus seed, one interesting activity is its skin protection from the sunlight and scar. In this study, we focused on the skin protective property of lotus seed tea against ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Two groups of a hairless mouse model, water as control (water group) and lotus seed tea (LST group), were administrated a fluid drink water for six months. After 6 month of administration, UVB exposure was carried out to both groups for another 3 months. During and after the administration, the skin moisture content and the morphological and histopathological analyses through biopsy were carried out. Prior to UVB irradiation, no significant difference was discovered in the skin moisture content for the water group and LST group (P<0.05). However, drastic changes were observed after the UVB treatment. The LST group showed a clear evidence of skin protection compared to the control group (P<0.05). The moisture content, epidermal and horny layer thickness, and protein carbonyl values all revealed that the intake of the lotus seed tea enhanced protection against UVB exposure. As a result, the long-term intake of the lotus seed tea showed the effect of preventing loss of skin moisture, mitigating the formation of abnormal keratinocytes, and contributing to protein oxidation inhibition.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.308-315
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the effects of egg shell membrane hydrolysates (ESMH) on skin whitening, wound healing, and UV-protection. ESMH was divided into three groups by molecular weight (Fraction I: above 10 kDa of ESMH, Fraction II: 3 kDa-10 kDa of ESMH, Fraction III: below 3 kDa of ESMH). As a result, all of ESMHs showed over 90% of protein contents. The wound healing experiment using HaCaT cells showed that the fraction I was slightly superior to other fractions depending on the concentration though it was not significantly different. In the experiments of inhibition of tyrosinase and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) oxidation to verify the L-DOPA whitening effect, the whole ESMH (before fractioning) showed a similar amount of inhibition effect with arbutin (control). In the inhibition of melanin formation in B16-F1 melanoma cells, the fraction I showed a high inhibitory effect. In the experiment for protecting the skin from ultraviolet rays using HaCaT cells, all the fractions showed a higher rate of cell viability than the control. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the cosmetic effects of ESMHs such as skin whitening, wound healing, and UV-protection, which were divided depending on the molecule weight. We could confirm that the possibility of ESMHs as a material for functional cosmetics.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.980-986
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• 1999

This study was done to ivestigate the fabrics thatminimized harmfulness of UVB(ultraviolet B) and that might product Vit. {{{{ {D }`_{3 } ^{ } }} by UVB. Twelve female subjects wearing in three different types i.e fabric A(UVB 100% protection) fabric B(UVB 50% protection) and bikinii were exposed to outdoor environment (Air Temp : 25℃, 42% R,H Air velocity : 0.13m/s UV does :6KJ/m2) Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the after the experiment in order to examine concentration of vit.{{{{ {D }`_{3 } ^{ } }} in the blood. During the experiment axillary temperature skin temperature of 7 areas(forehead Chest Upper arm, Hand Thigh Lower leg, Foot) were measured. The more irradiated areas by UVB were the more the concentration of serum 25(OH){{{{ {D }`_{3 } ^{ } }} were significantly. Mean skin temperature was significantly low levekl in wearing the fabric of UVB 50% protection (p<0.001) Axillary temperature was significantly high level in wearing the fabric of UVB 50% protection (p<0.001). Therefore the fabric of UVB 50% protection intercepts the radiation and has advantage to give off body heat over other fabrics

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.498-509
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• 2021

Background: A wide range of environmental factors, such as diseases, nutritional deficiencies, ageing, hormonal imbalances, stress, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, may affect the structure and function of the skin that covers the entire surface of the human body. In this study, we investigated roles of red ginseng oil (RGO) in enhancing skin functions, including hair growth and skin protection, using mouse models. Methods: For hair growth experiment, shaved dorsal skins of C57BL/6 mice were topically applied with vehicle, RGO, RGO's major compounds, or minoxidil for consecutive 21 days and skin tissues were examined the hair growth promoting capacity. For skin protection experiment, SKH-1 hairless mice were topically applied with vehicle or RGO twice a day for three days prior to exposure to UVC radiation at 20 kJ/cm². Skin tissues were collected to evaluate skin protective effects of RGO. Results: Topical application of RGO to C57BL/6 mice effectively promoted hair regeneration by inducing early telogen-to-anagen transition and significantly increasing the density and bulb diameter of hair follicles. Major compounds, including linoleic acids and β-sitosterol, contributed to RGO-promoted hair growth. Treatment with RGO as well as its major components upregulated expression of hair growth-related proteins. Furthermore, in SKH-1 hairless mice, RGO had a protective effect against UVC-induced skin damage by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, as well as inducing cytoprotective systems. Conclusion: These data suggest that RGO may be a potent agent for improving skin health and thereby preventing and/or treating hair loss and protecting skin against UV radiation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6477-6480
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• 2015

Purpose: Given the importance of sun protection in the prevention of skin cancer, this study was designed to determine predictors of sun-protective practices among a sample of Iranian female college students based on protection motivation theory (PMT) variables. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 201 female college students in Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected. Demographic and PMT variables were assessed with a 67-item questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to identify demographic and PMT variables that were associated with sun-protective practices and intention. Results: one percent of participants always wore a hat with a brim, 3.5% gloves and 15.9% sunglasses while outdoors. Only 10.9% regularly had their skin checked by a doctor. Perceived rewards, response efficacy, fear, self-efficacy and marital status were the five variables which could predict 39% variance of participants intention to perform sun-protective practices. Also, intention and response cost explained 31% of the variance of sun-protective practices. Conclusions: These predictive variables may be used to develop theory-based education interventions to prevent skin cancer among college students.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7663-7668
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• 2013

Background: Skin cancer is a global health problem that can be prevented by protective behavior promoted by nurses. In Turkey, only few studies have examined current knowledge of nurses related to skin cancer and to reveal their attitudes towards sun exposure and current protective behavior. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from March 11 to May 30, 2013 with a study sample of 310 nurses working in two state hospitals located in Karab$\ddot{u}$k and Safranbolu. Results: Mean age of the nurses was $30.3{\pm}6.89$ years and 96.1% of them had graduated with a Bachelor degree. The participants were predominantly female (n=284). Knowledge level about skin cancer was significantly higher for females compared to males. Conclusions: Nurses do not have sufficient knowledge about skin cancer and are not adequately protecting themselves from ultraviolet light, the primary risk factor for skin cancer. While they demonstrated a responsible attitude towards avoiding sunburn and the need for adequate sun protection, they do not fully appreciate the extent to which the sun can cause skin cancer and that they lack full understanding about the need to protect the skin from burning and to avoid long term sun exposure in Turkey.