• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.202-213
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• 2004

Object : Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Mylabris phalerata (반모) in some kinds of cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Some kinds of cancer cells lines were treated. We used nine kinds of cancer cell lines, such as stomach cancer cells (Kato), lung cancer cells (Calu-1, NCI-H 1395), urinary bladder cancer cells (HS789T), bone cancer cells (Saos-2), brain cancer cells (SK-N-MC), liver cancer cells (Hep-G2), skin cancer cells (Mo-1) and prostate cancer cells (PC-3) with the water decoction of Mylabris phalerata. The histological changes of all cell lines in the media (RPMI-1640) containing the decoction of Mylabris phalerata were observed and we examined cell death assay by trypan blue exclusion testing was examined. Finally, the change of mitochondrial membrane potential was measurd and the inhibitory effect of Mylabris phalerata on cell increase was examined by analyzing the cell cycle. Results: In histologic change all cancer cell lines showed withdrawn and floating appearance that is typical in cellular impairment. Most of the cell lines showed over 50% death rate after 24 hours in trypan blue exclusion tests. Especially the stomach, urinary bladder. brain and liver cell lines showed over 30% death rate after 12 hours. All cell lines treated with Mylabris phalerata were less stained than the control group and the mitochondrial membrane potential in the Mylabris phalerata treated cell lines was markedly lower than that in the control group. The measurement of DNA quantity in all cell lines showed the disappearance of the peak and the thickened left axis, which suggests that all cellular DNA degraded. Conclusion: Mylabris phalerata had cytotoxicity on various kinds of cancer cell lines and the mechanism of that was the impairment of mitochondria by the breakdown of the mitochondrial cell membrane. We propose that this is in part attributable to the destruction of DNA in cancer cells.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2013

We examined the characteristics of food allergy prevalence and suggested the basis of dietary guidelines for patients with food allergies and atopic dermatitis. A total of 2,417 patients were enrolled in this study. Each subject underwent a skin prick test as well as serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurement. A double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge was conducted using milk, eggs, wheat, and soybeans, and an oral food challenge was performed using beef, pork, and chicken. Food allergy prevalence was found among 50.7% in patients with atopic dermatitis. Among patients with food allergies (n = 1,225), the prevalence of non-IgE-mediated food allergies, IgE-mediated food allergies, and mixed allergies was discovered in 94.9%, 2.2%, and 2.9% of the patients, respectively. Food allergy prevalence, according to food item, was as follows: eggs = 21.6%, milk = 20.9%, wheat = 11.8%, soybeans = 11.7%, chicken = 11.7%, pork = 8.9% and beef = 9.2%. The total number of reactions to different food items in each patient was also variable at 45.1%, 30.6%, 15.3%, 5.8%, 2.2%, and 1.0% for 1 to 6 reactions, respectively. The most commonly seen combination in patients with two food allergies was eggs and milk. The clinical severity of the reactions observed in the challenge test, in the order of most to least severe, were wheat, beef, soybeans, milk, pork, eggs, and chicken. The minimum and maximum onset times of food allergy reactions were 0.2-24 hrs for wheat, 0.5-48 hrs for beef, 1.0-24 hrs for soybeans, 0.7-24 hrs for milk, 3.0-24 hrs for pork, 0.01-72 hrs for eggs, and 3.0-72 hrs for chicken. In our study, we examined the characteristics of seven popular foods. It will be necessary, however, to study a broader range of foods for the establishment of a dietary guideline. Our results suggest that it may be helpful to identify food allergies in order to improve symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.327-343
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• 2004

During tunnel construction, ground failures often occur due to existence of weak zones, such as faults, joints, and cavities, ahead of tunnel face. It is hard to detect effectively weak zones, which can lead underground structure to fail after excavation and before supporting, by using conventional characterization methods. In this study, an enhanced analytical method of predicting weak zones ahead of tunnel face is developed to overcome some problems in the conventional geophysical exploration methods. The analytical method is based on Coulomb's and Gauss' laws with considering the characteristics of electric fields subjected to rock mass. Using the developed method, closed form solutions are obtained to detect a spherical shaped zone and an oriented fault ahead of tunnel face respectively. The analytical results suggest that the presence of weak zones and their sizes, location, and states can be accurately predicted by combining a proper inversion process with resistance measured from several electrodes on the tunnel face. It appears that the skin depth or resistivity in rock mass is affected by the diameter of tunnel face, natural electric potential and noises induced by experimental measurement and spatial distribution of uncertain properties. The developed analytical solution is verified through experimental tests. About 1800 concrete blocks of 5cm by 5cm by 5cm in size are prepared and used to model a joint rock mass around tunnel face. Weak zones are simulated ahead of tunnel face with a material which has relatively higher conductivity than concrete blocks. Experimental results on the model test show a good agreement with analytical results.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2001

The purpose of this study were to analyze the home care services and to evaluate the client's satisfaction with the home care services provided by home care service center in the C hospital. The data were collected by reviewing charts of 128 home care clients who were receiving home care services at C hospital from October 1997 to September 2000. The subjects for satisfaction of home care service were 20 clients from July 10 to September 30, 2000. The tool for measurement of present condition of home care service was developed by the researchers. The satisfactions of the home care services were measured by using the instrument developed by Im(997). The data were analyzed by using the SPSS/PC+. The results of this study were as followings : 1. Majority of the subjects was female(61.7%). The average of age was 63.5 years. The service has been used mostly by the elderly 60 years of age or older(71.1%). The economic level of most of subjects was in middle class(94.5%). 2. Majority of the subject had a cancer(55.4%), following stroke(25.0%). The average duration of disease for the subjects was 31 months. The average time of hospitalization for the subjects was 3.3 times. The duration of hospitalization was 10$\sim$30 days(26.6%), 30$\sim$60 days(23.4%) and above of the 210 days(9.4%). 3. Most of the subjects used his/her doctor (47.7%), as a consultant, following his/her nurse (28.1%), other patients or their family (21.9%). Most of reasons for a consultation were supportive management(Infusion or medication, 60.94%), following tube management(L-tube or T-tube, 25%), Foley catheter management (15.63%) etc. 4. 28 types of nursing diagnoses were used by the home care service. The nursing diagnosis altered nutrition: less than body requirement were used mostly by the home care service, following risk for infection, impaired skin integrity, impaired swallowing, ineffective airway clearance altered comfort: pain, impaired physical mobility. By the human-response pattern, exchanging(63.2%), moving(7.5%), feeling(10.4%), knowing(5.2%), communicating (2.6%), relating(0.5%) perceiving(0.4%) and choosing(0.3%). There were 42 nursing intervention types were performed by the home care service. By the NIC(nursing intervention classification. McCloskey. Bulech. 1996). physiologic: complex (30.3%) was the most, safety(28.3%), behavioral(20.0%), physiologic: basic(10.8%) and health system(1.7%). Observation or assessment was the most nursing intervention performed by the home care service. following IV infusion. vital sign observation. infusion management and fluid-electrolyte balance management. 5. The level of client's satisfaction with provided home care services showed considerably high(2.67/ 3).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.33-42
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• 2010

In this study, we have proposed a simple cardiorespiratory monitoring method based on displacements of human body which occurs due to periodic heartbeat and breathing. The proposed system consists of an aircushion, pressure sensing hardware and heartbeat and respiration signals extraction algorithm. The aircushion was used for unconstrained measurement of the respiration and heartbeats without a sensor attached on the subject's skin surface. The displacements of subject sitting on the aircushion cause small pressure variations. These variations are amplified and filtered with the pressure sensing hardware. Finally, heart rate and respiration rate are extracted by signal processing algorithm based on frequency domain filter. To evaluate the performance, extracted respiration and heart rate from proposed system were compared with conventional methods. The average sensitivity of respiration and heart rate are 98.67% and 99.24%, respectively. These results show the proposed method has advantages of installing and processing simplicity so as to be used easily in unconstrained respiration and heart rate monitoring in daily life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.3 s.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2005

The reason that aromatherapy began to draw attention again as the alternative therapy is because the essential oils that are used for aromatherapy not only allow the human body to maintain homeostasis but also have an effect on curing a mental feeling of fatigue and because these efficacies and effects are proceeding with being proved scientifically. Also, with coming to be high in a voice of concern about severally side effects that the modern medicine and the synthetic chemistry have, the aromatherapy came to be paid attention as the replacement therapy that can substitute for and supplement this. In particular, at the time of requiring a study on a substance to substitute for this after having been announced in Japan for 1998 a risk of Zincpyrithione that is being used as a component of dandruff treatment, it is thought that the aroma oil that was known for having an anti-dandruff effect has a merit of being easy in a user's access, thus it will be effective in curing the symptom of dandruff. Accordingly, this study conducted the following experiment in a bid to examine whether the aroma oil has the anti-microbial effect on the actual malassezia. First of all, it measured the minimum concentration of aroma oil in which the growth of malassezia is inhibited, by carrying out MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) test in terms of anti-microbial activity against Malassezia furfur KCTC 7744 while using oils of Patchouli, Rosemary, Lavender, and Tea tree among aroma oils that are being used for dandruff treatment. As a result of that, Tea tree oil has the most excellent anti-microbial activity, and the measurement result of anti-microbial activity was shown in order of Lavender oil>Rosemary oil>Patchouli oil. Next, it carried out the is actually eased by applying Tea tree oil directly to the scalp of dandruff. In consequence of the experiment, the massage of Tea tree oil indicated the result of relieving the symptoms of dandruff such as scale, itch, pain, inflammation, and sebum, and among these symptoms of dandruff, it was shown to be most effective in easing itch. Especially, this clinical experiment was indicated that the massage of Tea tree oil has the most effect on relieving itch of targets with a dry-skin type who had no experience of dandruff treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.88-92
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• 2012

Purpose: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II or Hunter syndrome) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) deficiency. MPS II causes a wide phenotypic spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. IDS activity, which is measured in leukocyte pellets or fibroblasts, was reported to be related to clinical phenotype by Sukegawa-Hayasaka et al. Measurement of residual plasma IDS activity using a fluorometric assay is simpler than conventional measurements using skin fibroblasts or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This is the first study to describe the relationship between plasma IDS activity and clinical phenotype of MPS II. Methods: We hypothesized that residual plasma IDS activity is related to clinical phenotype. We classified 43 Hunter syndrome patients as having attenuated or severe disease types based on clinical characteristics, especially intellectual and cognitive status. There were 27 patients with the severe type and 16 with the attenuated type. Plasma IDS activity was measured by a fluorometric enzyme assay using 4-methylumbelliferyl- ${\alpha}$-iduronate 2-sulphate. Results: Plasma IDS activity in patients with the severe type was significantly lower than that in patients with the attenuated type ($p$=0.006). The optimal cut-off value of plasma IDS activity for distinguishing the severe type from the attenuated type was 0.63 $nmol{\cdot}4hr^{-1}{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. This value had 88.2% sensitivity, 65.4% specificity, and an area under receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve of 0.768 (ROC curve analysis; $p$=0.003). Conclusion: These results show that the mild phenotype may be related to residual lysosomal enzyme activity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.124-133
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• 2015

Electro interstitial scan shows potential as a non-invasive screening method. It can discriminate some diseases based on electric current response to induce low intensity direct current to limbs or local area of body. DDFAO was invented in France and it is claimed that multi-channel EIS(Electro Interstitial Scan) is useful for various diseases, especially, diagnoses of endocrine system such as diabetics are very effective. In this study, we verified the repeatability and sensitivity of DDFAO by using a RC phantom model and its clinical usefulness using data obtained from normal and diabetes subject groups. As a result, it showed the repeatability and the output change according to change of phantom characteristic, but it was hard to distinguish normal and patient groups non-invasively with just six surface electrodes of DDFAO. The repeatability and the clinical accuracy was not sufficient for screening or diagnostic purposes, as well. In spite of the results with low repeatability and accuracy conducted in this study, we still need further investigations to improve the EIS-based measurement method; EIS is very convenient and simple and it shows potential as a screening tool of the whole body health conditions rather than localized disease diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 2011

Purpose: Subtalar distraction arthrodesis is useful treatment option for restore hindfoot alignment. but, using structural autograft have high risk of donor site morbidity. Recently, by replacing the structural allograft has been reported satisfactory clinical results. Therefore, the authors reviewed the results of subtalar distraction arthrodesis using a structural allograft, retrospectively. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to May 2010, 12 patients (12 feets; 9 male, 3 female) underwent subtalar distraction arthrodesis using frozen structural allograft. 9 cases were calcaneal malunion, 2 were nonunion or malunion after subtalar arthrodesis, 1 was other cause. Mean age was 38.9 (12~66) years old and follow up period was 16.5 (12~36) months. Surgical was performed with posterolateral approach and tricortical allobone block of frozen femoral neck was used. Analysis was done with retorspective manner to evaluate preoperative, postoperative, and final follow up radiologic measurement and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale. Results: There was statistically significant increase (p<0.05) of ankle-hindfoot scale from preoperative 27.5 points to postoperative 72.5 points, talocalcaneal height by 6.62 mm, calcaneal pitch angle by 5.73 degrees, lateral talocalcaneal angle by 6.38 degrees and significant decrease (p<0.05) of tali-1st metatarsal angle by 5.23 degrees. 11 feet (91.7%) acquired bony union and it takes average 5.1 months. Final post-operative result revealed talocalcaneal height changed by 2.57 mm, calcaneal pitch anble, lateral talocalcaneal angle, talar-1st metatarsal angle were changed by 2.63 degrees, 1.62 degrees, 1.18 degrees, respectively (p<0.05). 3 cases of partial osteonecrosis of posterior facet of calcaneus were observed in operation field, 4 cases of complication were developed (1 case of nonunion, 1 collapse of allobone graft, 1 screw loosening, 1 superficial skin necrosis). Conclusion: Subtalar distraction arthrodesis using frozen structural allobone graft is useful alternative treatment method of arthrodesis with structural autobone graft.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-133
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• 1998

Attentional processes facilitate cognitive and behavioral performance in several ways. Attention serves to reduce the amount of information to receive. Attention enables humans to direct themselves to appropriate aspects of external environmental events and internal operations. Attention facilitates the selection of salient information and the allocation of cognitive processing appropriate to that information. Attention is not a unitary process that can be localized to a single neuroanatomical region. Before the cortical registration of sensory information, activation of important subcortical structures occurs, which is called as an orienting response. Once sensory information reaches the sensory cortex, a large number of perceptual processes occur, which provide various levels of perceptual resolution of the critical features of the stimuli. After this preattentional processing, information is integrated within higher cortical(heteromodal) systems in inferior parietal and temporal lobes. At this stage, the processing characteristics can be modified, and the biases of the system have a direct impact on attentional selection. Information flow has been traced through sensory analysis to a processing stage that enables the new information to be focused and modified in relation to preexisting biases. The limbic and paralimbic system play significant roles in modulating attentional response. It is labeled with affective salience and is integrated according to ongoing pressures from the motivational drive system of the hypothalamus. The salience of information greatly influences the allocation of attention. The frontal lobe operate response selection system with a reciprocal interaction with both the attention system of the parietal lobe and the limbic system. In this attentional process, the search with the spatial field is organized and a sequence of attentional responses is generated. Affective, motivational and appectitive impulses from limbic system and hypothalamus trigger response intention, preparation, planning, initiation and control of frontal lobe on this process. The reticular system, which produces ascending activation, catalyzes the overall system and increases attentional capacity. Also additional energetic pressures are created by the hypothalamus. As psychophysiological measurement, skin conductance, pupil diameter, muscle tension, heart rate, alpha wave of EEG can be used. Event related potentials also provide physiological evidence of attention during information process. NI component appears to be an electrophysiological index of selective attention. P3 response is developed during the attention related to stimulus discrimination, evaluation and response.