• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2011

Purpose: FGF4 (fibroblast growth factor 4) is a newly characterized gene which was found to be a transforming gene in several cancerous cells. FGF4 expression and amplification has been subsequently observed in several human cancers including stomach cancer, breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer and bladder cancer. This study was designed to measure the protein expression of FGF4 in malignant skin cancers. Methods: We examined 8 normal skin tissues and 24 malignant skin tumor tissues which were 8 malignant melanomas, 8 squamous cell carcinomas and 8 basal cell carcinomas. The specimens were analyzed for the protein expression of FGF4 using immunohistochemical staining. To evaluate the amount of expression of FGF4, the histochemical score (HSCORE) was used. Results: FGF4 was expressed more intensely in malignant melanoma, followed by SCC and BCC in immunohistochemistry. The average HSCORE was 0.01 for normal skin, 2.02 for malignant melanoma, 1.28 for squamous cell carcinoma, and 0.27 for basal cell carcinoma, respectively. The expression of FGF4 in malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma was increased in comparison with normal tissues and basal cell cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference between malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma was not statistically significant. Conclusion: These findings provide evidences that the expression of FGF4 plays an important role in malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma progressions. This article demonstrates expression of FGF4 in human skin malignant tumors, and suggests that FGF4 is more expressed in highly aggressive skin tumors.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2006

Allergic inflammation is thought to be a Th2 cell-dominant immune response during which tissue-resident fibroblasts produce chemokines which contribute to the recruitment of migratory leukocytes to sites of tissue injury. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC; CCL17) is a potent member of the CC chemokine family and a selective chemoattractant for Th2 cells. In order to study the regulatory profiles of TARC production by $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, and Il-4 in human normal skin fibroblast, CCD-986sk cell line was used. The expression of TARC protein was measured using ELISA, and mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. The combination of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-4 induced a time-and dose-dependent synergistic increase in the expression of TARC at both protein and mRNA levels in the cultured human skin fibroblasts. Exposure of the cells to single cytokine had no effect on TARC expression. The high concentration (100 ng/ml) and long incubation time (72 h) of $IFN-{\gamma}$ further enhanced the TARC production induced by $TNF-{\alpha}$/lL-4 in the skin fibroblast. This synergistic effect of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines on TARC production by skin fibroblasts may contribute to the inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue damage with allergic inflammation.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2004년도 제4회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.26-31
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• 2004

This work was undertaken in order to study the developmental competence of nuclear transfer cat embryo with fetal fibroblast and adult skin fibroblast as donor nuclei. Oocytes wererecovered by mincing the ovaries in Hepes-buffered TCM199 and selected the cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) with compact cumulus cell mass and dark. Homogenous ooplasm were cultured for maturation in TCM199 + 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 12 hours and used as a source of recipient cytoplast for exogenous somatic nuclei. In Experiment 1, we evaluated the effect donor cell types on the reconstruction and development of cloned embryos. Fusion, first cleavage and blastocyst developmental rate was not different between fetal fibroblast and adult skin cell (71.2 vs. 66.8; 71.0 vs. 57.6; 4.0 vs. 6.1 %, P<0.05). In Experiment 2, cloned embryos were surgically transferred into the oviducts of recipient queens. One of seven recipient queens was delivered naturally 2healthy cloned cats and 1 stillborn from fetal fibroblast cell of male origin after 65 days embryo transfer. One of three recipient queens was delivered naturally 1 healthy cloned cat from adult skin cell of female after 65 days embryo transfer. The cloned cats showed genotypes identical to the donor cell lines, indicating that adult somatic cells can be used for feline cloning.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.64-64
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• 2001

To facilitate the widespread application of somatic cell cloning, improvements in blastocyst production efficiency and subsequent fetal viability are required. Area where technical improvements are needed include donor cell treatments, starvation and passage numbers. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of serum-starvation and passage on the development of ear skin fibroblast cells cloned embryos. A skin biopsy was obtained from the ear of a 2-year-old Korean Hanwoo female. The cells were cultured in 10% FBS＋DMEM up to 2-3 months(up to 10 passages) and then used. In Experiment 1, the Korean bovine Ear Skin Fibroblast cells (KbESF) were either serum starved (culture in 0.05% FBS＋DMEM) or serum fed (10% FBS＋DMEM) for 4-7 days Prior to NT In Experiment 2, the KbESF cells used for nuclear transfer in these experiments were from passages 2 to 10. The development of 208 nuclear transfer (NT) embryos reconstructed from either serum starved or serum fed ear skin fibroblast was assessed. NT embryos reconstructed from serum starved and serum fed cells showed the same developmental rate (cleavage 80.16 vs. 85.37%; blastocyst 20.63 vs. 19,51%). The development of 590 nuclear transfer (NT) embryos reconstructed from passage 2 to 10 was assessed. We observed the same developmental rates for embryos derived from later Passages as compared with those embryos from early passages(blastocyst from 16.69 to 27.91%, average 20.17%). There was no significant difference between serum-fed and serum-starved donor cells. We observed no difference in developmental rates for embryos derived from 2 to 10 passages. These data show that prolonged culture and serum starvation does not affects the cloning competence of adult somatic cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2002

The inner shell of the chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z., Fagaceae) has been used as an anti-wrinkle/skin firming agent in East Asia, and preliminary experiments have found that a 70% ethanol extract from this plant material can prevent cell detachment of skin fibroblasts from culture plates. In order to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, its effects on the expression of adhesion molecules, such as fibronectin and vitronectin, were investigated using the mouse skin fibroblast cell line, NIH/3T3. Using fixed-cell ELISA, Western blotting and immunofluorescence cell staining, it was clearly demonstrated that the chestnut inner shell extract enhanced the expression of the cell-associated fibronectin and vitronectin. Scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin), isolated from the extract, also possessed similar properties. These findings suggest that the enhanced expression of the adhesion molecules may be one of the molecular mechanisms for how the chestnut inner shell extract preventing cell detachment and may be also responsible for its anti-wrinkle/skin firming effect.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.998-1005
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• 1997

Kimchi showed protective effect from oxidative damage generated by hydrogen peroxide and paraquat. To investigate the major components of kimchi which reduce the cytotoxicity against reactive oxygen species, keratinocyte(A431, epidermoid carcinoma, human) and fibroblast(CCD-986SK, normal control, human) were cultured under oxidative stress condition provoked by paraquat, a superoxide anion generator, and hydrogen peroxide in the absence or presence of kimchi ingredients. Most keratinocyte and fibroblast cells were killed by hydrogen peroxide and paraquat over 1mM concentration, but kimchi ingredients showed protective effects from oxidative damage generated by hydrogen peroxide and onion, among those, garlic showed the most remarkable preventive effect. Most of kimchi ingredients showed protective effect against paraquat, especially leek notably increased cell survival. For fibroblast cells, ginger had the preventive effect against paraquat, especially leek notably increased cell survival. For fibroblast cells, ginger had the preventive effect from cell killing by high dose of hydrogen peroxide, but most ingredients were not effective against paraquat.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.158-165
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• 1999

목적 : 유방암 환자의 피부 섬유모세포를 이용한 in vitro 배양 실험을 통하여 16 세포집락 비율 분포의 변화를 관찰하여 16 세포집락 비율과 in vitro 세포 노화 및 섬유모세포 공여자의 in vivo 연령과의 연관성을 조사하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 :유방암 수술을 받은 3명의 환자로부터 얻은 유방부위 피부를 본 실험대상으로 사용하였다. 각 환자의 유방부위 피부로부터 얻은 피부 섬유모세포 표본의 명칭을 C1, C2, C3a 및 C3b로 분류하였으며 각 표본 공여자의 연령은 C1이 44세, C2는 54세, 그리고 C3a 및 C3b는 동일한 공여자로서 연령은 55세였다. 피부 섬유모세포의 단일세포 부유액은 일차조직 배양법으로 얻었으며 100 개의 세포들을 100m1 의 조직배양 flask에 분주 후 37$^{\circ}C$에서 2주 동안 배양하였다. 5개의 flask에서 배양한 피부 섬유모세포의 16 세포집락 비율을 알기 위하여 crystal violet으로 염색한 후 10 배율의 입체현미경을 이용하여 16개 세포 이상으로 구성된 세포집락수를 1개 이상으로 구성된 세포 집락수로 나눈 수치를 16 세포집락 비율로 나타내었으며 각각 5개의 flask에서 얻어진 16 세포집락 비율 평균치를 각 계대배양에 대한 16 세포집락 비율로 나타내었다. C1, C2의 계대배양 횟수는 각각 12회, 17회 였으며 C3a와 C3b는 14회 계대배양 하였다. 결과 : C1, C2, C3a 및 C3b 피부섬유모세포 모두에서 16 세포집락 비율이 계대배양 횟수의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 집단이배화증가에 따라 감소하였다. 그리고 계대배양 횟수가 증가함에 따라 집단이배화가 증가되는 것이 관찰되었으며 특히 C3a 섬유모세포의 상관계수가 0.954(P=0.0001)로서 가장 강한 상관관계가 있음을 보였다 동일한 지점의 집단이배화에서 16 세포집락 비율이 고연령자인 C3a 공여자보다 저 연령자인 C1 공여자에서 더 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 사람 피부 섬유모세포의 in vitro 배양에서 계대배양 횟수의 증가에 따라 집단이배화는 증가되고, 세포 노화로 인해 16 세포집락 비율은 감소되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 저연령의 피부 섬유모세포일수록 집단이배화 증가에 따른 16 세포집락 비율 감소가 고연령의 경우보다 완만하였다. 따라서 피부 섬유모세포 in vitro 배양에서 관찰되는 16 세포집락 비율은 in vitro 세포노화의 지표로서 유용하며 또한 피부 섬유모세포 공여자의 연령 평가에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of substituted groups in phenolic compounds to develop an anticancer agent having strong cytotoxicity against cancer cells but weak against normal cells. The phenolic compounds used in this study were gallic acid and ferulic acid with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, syringic acid with hydroxyl, carboxyl and methoxy groups, and pyre-gallol with hydroxyl groups. Cytotoxicities of these compounds were evaluated by MTT assay for cell viability and XTT assay for cell adhesion activity in normal human skin fibroblast (Detroit 551) and human skin melanoma (SK-MEL-3) cells. Syringic acid, gallic acid and ferulic acid decreased the cell viability and cell adhesion activity in SK-MEL-3 cells but not in Detroit 551 cells while pyrogallol decreased in both cells. The susceptibility of cell viability based on the $IC_{50}$ values of MTT assay in Detroit 551 cells was in the following order: pyrogallol > gallic acid > ferulic acid > syringic acid, while it was in SK-MEL-3 cells: Syringic acid > progallol > ferulic acid > gallic acid. These results suggest that carboxyl and methoxy groups of these compounds play an important role in selectivity of cytotoxicity in normal and cancer cells.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2008

The photoprotective effects of minerals from Korean indigenous ores, consisting mainly of sericite, on UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) were examined. Zymographic analysis showed that the treatment of the minerals significantly reduced the UVA-enhanced MMP-1 activity and mRNA level. The minerals also showed strong inhibitory effect on MMP-2 activity and mRNA expression. Moreover, the minerals were better than polyphenol in reducing MMP-1 and MMP-2 expressions. Notably, the minerals significantly enhanced collagen biosynthesis in the HDF. Inhibition of the elastase activity and protection against the oxidatively damaged HDF cell were also found in the presence of the minerals. Taken together, the ore minerals may be used as the potent photo-protective and anti-skin-aging ingredients which can prevent skin cell damage by UVA.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

In order to investigate whether or not CCD-980sk cell line can be affected by Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs, we examined the MTT assay when we treated Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs in CCD-986sk human fibroblast cell line. The samples that added complex of grinded extracts of Korean Citrus junos and boiling-water extracts from Korean medicinal herbs were tested toy cell proliferation activity by means of a modification of the MTT assay. Among mixture of Citron 3 (Citron 3, less mellowed citron which was ripened for three months) and boiling-water extracts, the group Citron 3+Phellinus linteus showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity. And among mixture of Citron 4 (Citron 4, completely mellowed citron which was ripened for four months) and boiling-water extracts, the group Citron 4＋Cordyceps militaris and Citron 4+Phellinus linteus showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity, respectively. These results suggest that complex of Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs could be an excellent candidate toy protection of human skin aging.